自余为僇人，居是州，恒惴栗。其隙也，则施施而行，漫漫而游。日与其徒上高山，入深林，穷回溪，幽泉怪石，无远不到。到则披草而坐，倾壶而醉。醉则更相枕以卧，卧而梦。意有所极，梦亦同趣。觉而起，起而归；以为凡是州之山水有异态者，皆我有也，而未始知西山之怪特。今年九月二十八日，因坐法华西亭，望西山，始指异之。遂命仆人过湘江，缘染溪，斫榛莽，焚茅茷，穷山之高而止。攀援而登，箕踞而遨，则凡数州之土壤，皆在衽席之下。其高下之势，岈然洼然，若垤若穴，尺寸千里，攒蹙累积，莫得遁隐。萦青缭白，外与天际，四望如一。然后知是山之特立，不与培塿为类。悠悠乎与颢气俱，而莫得其涯；洋洋乎与造物者游，而不知其所穷。引觞满酌，颓然就醉，不知日之入。苍然暮色，自远而至，至无所见，而犹不欲归。心凝形释，与万化冥合。然后知吾向之未始游，游于是乎始。故为之文以志。是岁，元和四年也。渭水自萦秦塞曲，黄山旧绕汉宫斜。銮舆迥出千门柳，阁道回看上苑花。云里帝城双凤阙，雨中春树万人家。为乘阳气行时令，不是宸游玩物华。(玩 一作：重)新月曲如眉，未有团圞意。红豆不堪看，满眼相思泪。终日噼桃穰，仁儿在心里。两朵隔墙花，早晚成连理。淑景偏临建始花。彩蝶黄莺未歌舞，梅香柳色已矜夸。击鼓其镗，踊跃用兵。土国城漕，我独南行。从孙子仲，平陈与宋。不我以归，忧心有忡。爰居爰处？爰丧其马？于以求之？于林之下。死生契阔，与子成说。执子之手，与子偕老。于嗟阔兮，不我活兮。于嗟洵兮，不我信兮。吴山高，越水清，握手无言伤别情。将欲辞君挂帆去，离魂不散烟郊树。此心郁怅谁能论，有愧叨承国士恩。云物共倾三月酒，岁时同饯五侯门。羡君素书尝满案，含丹照白霞色烂。余尝学道穷冥筌，梦中往往游仙山。何当脱屣谢时去，壶中别有日月天。俯仰人间易凋朽，钟峰五云在轩牖。惜别愁窥玉女窗，归来笑把洪崖手。隐居寺，隐居山，陶公炼液栖其间。凝神闭气昔登攀，恬然但觉心绪闲。数人不知几甲子，昨夜犹带冰霜颜。我离虽则岁物改，如今了然失所在。别君莫道不尽欢，悬知乐客遥相待。石门流水遍桃花，我亦曾到秦人家。不知何处得鸡豕，就中仍见繁桑麻。翛然远与世事间，装鸾驾鹤又复远。何必长从七贵游，劳生徒聚万金产。挹君去，长相思，云游雨散从此辞。欲知怅别心易苦，向暮春风杨柳丝。太史公牛马走司马迁，再拜言。少卿足下：曩者辱赐书，教以慎于接物，推贤进士为务，意气勤勤恳恳。若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言，仆非敢如此也。仆虽罢驽，亦尝侧闻长者之遗风矣。顾自以为身残处秽，动而见尤，欲益反损，是以独郁悒而无谁语。谚曰：“谁为为之？孰令听之？”盖钟子期死，伯牙终身不复鼓琴。何则？士为知己者用，女为说己者容。若仆大质已亏缺矣，虽材怀随和，行若由夷，终不可以为荣，适足以发笑而自点耳。书辞宜答，会东从上来，又迫贱事，相见日浅，卒卒无须臾之间，得竭指意。今少卿抱不测之罪，涉旬月，迫季冬，仆又薄从上雍，恐卒然不可为讳，是仆终已不得舒愤懑以晓左右，则长逝者魂魄私恨无穷。请略陈固陋。阙然久不报，幸勿为过。仆闻之：修身者，智之符也；爱施者，仁之端也；取予者，义之表也；耻辱者，勇之决也；立名者，行之极也。士有此五者，然后可以托于世，列于君子之林矣。故祸莫憯于欲利，悲莫痛于伤心，行莫丑于辱先，诟莫大于宫刑。刑余之人，无所比数，非一世也，所从来远矣。昔卫灵公与雍渠同载，孔子适陈；商鞅因景监见，赵良寒心；同子参乘，袁丝变色：自古而耻之！夫以中材之人，事有关于宦竖，莫不伤气，而况于慷慨之士乎！如今朝廷虽乏人，奈何令刀锯之余，荐天下之豪俊哉！仆赖先人绪业，得待罪辇毂下，二十余年矣。所以自惟：上之，不能纳忠效信，有奇策材力之誉，自结明主；次之，又不能拾遗补阙，招贤进能，显岩穴之士；外之，不能备行伍，攻城野战，有斩将搴旗之功；下之，不能积日累劳，取尊官厚禄，以为宗族交游光宠。四者无一遂，苟合取容，无所短长之效，可见于此矣。乡者，仆亦尝厕下大夫之列，陪外廷末议。不以此时引维纲，尽思虑，今已亏形为扫除之隶，在阘茸之中，乃欲仰首伸眉，论列是非，不亦轻朝廷、羞当世之士邪？嗟乎！嗟乎！如仆尚何言哉！尚何言哉！且事本末未易明也。仆少负不羁之才，长无乡曲之誉，主上幸以先人之故，使得奉薄伎，出入周卫之中。仆以为戴盆何以望天，故绝宾客之知，忘室家之业，日夜思竭其不肖之材力，务一心营职，以求亲媚于主上。而事乃有大谬不然者！夫仆与李陵俱居门下，素非能相善也。趣舍异路，未尝衔杯酒，接殷勤之余欢。然仆观其为人，自守奇士，事亲孝，与士信，临财廉，取予义，分别有让，恭俭下人，常思奋不顾身，以徇国家之急。其素所蓄积也，仆以为有国士之风。夫人臣出万死不顾一生之计，赴公家之难，斯已奇矣。今举事一不当，而全躯保妻子之臣随而媒孽其短，仆诚私心痛之。且李陵提步卒不满五千，深践戎马之地，足历王庭，垂饵虎口，横挑强胡，仰亿万之师，与单于连战十有余日，所杀过当。虏救死扶伤不给，旃裘之君长咸震怖，乃悉征其左、右贤王，举引弓之民，一国共攻而围之。转斗千里，矢尽道穷，救兵不至，士卒死伤如积。然陵一唿劳军，士无不起，躬自流涕，沬血饮泣，更张空弮，冒白刃，北首争死敌者。陵未没时，使有来报，汉公卿王侯皆奉觞上寿。后数日，陵败书闻，主上为之食不甘味，听朝不怡。大臣忧惧，不知所出。仆窃不自料其卑贱，见主上惨凄怛悼，诚欲效其款款之愚，以为李陵素与士大夫绝甘分少，能得人之死力，虽古之名将，不能过也。身虽陷败，彼观其意，且欲得其当而报于汉。事已无可奈何，其所摧败，功亦足以暴于天下矣。仆怀欲陈之，而未有路，适会召问，即以此指，推言陵之功，欲以广主上之意，塞睚眦之辞。未能尽明，明主不晓，以为仆沮贰师，而为李陵游说，遂下于理。拳拳之忠，终不能自列。因为诬上，卒从吏议。家贫，货赂不足以自赎，交游莫救，左右亲近不为一言。身非木石，独与法吏为伍，深幽囹圄之中，谁可告愬者！此真少卿所亲见，仆行事岂不然乎？李陵既生降，隤其家声，而仆又佴之蚕室，重为天下观笑。悲夫！悲夫！事未易一二为俗人言也。仆之先非有剖符丹书之功，文史星历，近乎卜祝之间，固主上所戏弄，倡优所畜，流俗之所轻也。假令仆伏法受诛，若九牛亡一毛，与蝼蚁何以异？而世又不与能死节者比，特以为智穷罪极，不能自免，卒就死耳。何也？素所自树立使然也。人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛，用之所趋异也。太上不辱先，其次不辱身，其次不辱理色，其次不辱辞令，其次诎体受辱，其次易服受辱，其次关木索、被箠楚受辱，其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱，其次毁肌肤、断肢体受辱，最下腐刑极矣！传曰“刑不上大夫。”此言士节不可不勉厉也。勐虎在深山，百兽震恐，及在槛阱之中，摇尾而求食，积威约之渐也。故士有画地为牢，势不可入；削木为吏，议不可对，定计于鲜也。今交手足，受木索，暴肌肤，受榜箠，幽于圜墙之中。当此之时，见狱吏则头抢地，视徒隶则心惕息。何者？积威约之势也。及以至是，言不辱者，所谓强颜耳，曷足贵乎！且西伯，伯也，拘于羑里；李斯，相也，具于五刑；淮阴，王也，受械于陈；彭越、张敖，南面称孤，系狱抵罪；绛侯诛诸吕，权倾五伯，囚于请室；魏其，大将也，衣赭衣，关三木；季布为朱家钳奴；灌夫受辱于居室。此人皆身至王侯将相，声闻邻国，及罪至罔加，不能引决自裁，在尘埃之中。古今一体，安在其不辱也？由此言之，勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。审矣，何足怪乎？夫人不能早自裁绳墨之外，以稍陵迟，至于鞭箠之间，乃欲引节，斯不亦远乎！古人所以重施刑于大夫者，殆为此也。夫人情莫不贪生恶死，念父母，顾妻子，至激于义理者不然，乃有所不得已也。今仆不幸，早失父母，无兄弟之亲，独身孤立，少卿视仆于妻子何如哉？且勇者不必死节，怯夫慕义，何处不勉焉！仆虽怯懦，欲苟活，亦颇识去就之分矣，何至自沉溺缧绁之辱哉！且夫臧获婢妾，犹能引决，况仆之不得已乎？所以隐忍苟活，幽于粪土之中而不辞者，恨私心有所不尽，鄙陋没世，而文采不表于后也。古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。盖文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》；左丘失明，厥有《国语》；孙子膑脚，《兵法》修列；不韦迁蜀，世传《吕览》；韩非囚秦，《说难》《孤愤》；《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。此人皆意有所郁结，不得通其道，故述往事、思来者。乃如左丘无目，孙子断足，终不可用，退而论书策，以舒其愤，思垂空文以自见。仆窃不逊，近自托于无能之辞，网罗天下放失旧闻，略考其行事，综其终始，稽其成败兴坏之纪，上计轩辕，下至于兹，为十表，本纪十二，书八章，世家三十，列传七十，凡百三十篇。亦欲以究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。草创未就，会遭此祸，惜其不成，是以就极刑而无愠色。仆诚以着此书，藏之名山，传之其人，通邑大都，则仆偿前辱之责，虽万被戮，岂有悔哉！然此可为智者道，难为俗人言也！且负下未易居，下流多谤议。仆以口语遇遭此祸，重为乡党所笑，以污辱先人，亦何面目复上父母之丘墓乎？虽累百世，垢弥甚耳！是以肠一日而九回，居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知其所往。每念斯耻，汗未尝不发背沾衣也！身直为闺阁之臣，宁得自引深藏于岩穴邪？故且从俗浮沉，与时俯仰，以通其狂惑。今少卿乃教以推贤进士，无乃与仆私心剌谬乎？今虽欲自雕琢，曼辞以自饰，无益，于俗不信，适足取辱耳。要之，死日然后是非乃定。书不能悉意，故略陈固陋。谨再拜。凄凄切切，惨淡黄花节。梦里砧声浑未歇，那更乱蛩悲咽。尘生燕子空楼，抛残弦索床头。一样晓风残月，而今触绪添愁。山藏白虎云藏寺，池上老梅枝。洞庭归兴，香柑红树，鲈鲙银丝。白家池馆，吴宫花草，可似当时。最怜人处，啼乌夜月，犹怨西施。倒泻银河事有无，掀天浊浪只须臾。人间更有风涛险，翻说黄河是畏途。少别华阳万里游，近南风景不曾秋。红芳绿笋是行路，纵有啼猿听却幽。礼备怀柔，功宣舞咏。旬液应序，年祥协庆。

zi yu wei lu ren .ju shi zhou .heng zhui li .qi xi ye .ze shi shi er xing .man man er you .ri yu qi tu shang gao shan .ru shen lin .qiong hui xi .you quan guai shi .wu yuan bu dao .dao ze pi cao er zuo .qing hu er zui .zui ze geng xiang zhen yi wo .wo er meng .yi you suo ji .meng yi tong qu .jue er qi .qi er gui .yi wei fan shi zhou zhi shan shui you yi tai zhe .jie wo you ye .er wei shi zhi xi shan zhi guai te .jin nian jiu yue er shi ba ri .yin zuo fa hua xi ting .wang xi shan .shi zhi yi zhi .sui ming pu ren guo xiang jiang .yuan ran xi .zhuo zhen mang .fen mao fa .qiong shan zhi gao er zhi .pan yuan er deng .ji ju er ao .ze fan shu zhou zhi tu rang .jie zai ren xi zhi xia .qi gao xia zhi shi .ya ran wa ran .ruo die ruo xue .chi cun qian li .zan cu lei ji .mo de dun yin .ying qing liao bai .wai yu tian ji .si wang ru yi .ran hou zhi shi shan zhi te li .bu yu pei lou wei lei .you you hu yu hao qi ju .er mo de qi ya .yang yang hu yu zao wu zhe you .er bu zhi qi suo qiong .yin shang 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.si sheng qi kuo .yu zi cheng shuo .zhi zi zhi shou .yu zi xie lao .yu jie kuo xi .bu wo huo xi .yu jie xun xi .bu wo xin xi .wu shan gao .yue shui qing .wo shou wu yan shang bie qing .jiang yu ci jun gua fan qu .li hun bu san yan jiao shu .ci xin yu chang shui neng lun .you kui dao cheng guo shi en .yun wu gong qing san yue jiu .sui shi tong jian wu hou men .xian jun su shu chang man an .han dan zhao bai xia se lan .yu chang xue dao qiong ming quan .meng zhong wang wang you xian shan .he dang tuo xi xie shi qu .hu zhong bie you ri yue tian .fu yang ren jian yi diao xiu .zhong feng wu yun zai xuan you .xi bie chou kui yu nv chuang .gui lai xiao ba hong ya shou .yin ju si .yin ju shan .tao gong lian ye qi qi jian .ning shen bi qi xi deng pan .tian ran dan jue xin xu xian .shu ren bu zhi ji jia zi .zuo ye you dai bing shuang yan .wo li sui ze sui wu gai .ru jin liao ran shi suo zai .bie jun mo dao bu jin huan .xuan zhi le ke yao xiang dai .shi men liu shui bian tao hua .wo yi zeng dao qin ren jia .bu zhi he chu de ji shi .jiu zhong reng jian fan sang ma .xiao ran yuan yu shi shi jian .zhuang luan jia he you fu yuan .he bi chang cong qi gui you .lao sheng tu ju wan jin chan .yi jun qu .chang xiang si .yun you yu san cong ci ci .yu zhi chang bie xin yi ku .xiang mu chun feng yang liu si .tai shi gong niu ma zou si ma qian .zai bai yan .shao qing zu xia .nang zhe ru ci shu .jiao yi shen yu jie wu .tui xian jin shi wei wu .yi qi qin qin ken ken .ruo wang pu bu xiang shi .er yong liu su ren zhi yan .pu fei gan ru ci ye .pu sui ba nu .yi chang ce wen chang zhe zhi yi feng yi .gu zi yi wei shen can chu hui .dong er jian you .yu yi fan sun .shi yi du yu yi er wu shui yu .yan yue ..shui wei wei zhi .shu ling ting zhi ..gai zhong zi qi si .bo ya zhong shen bu fu gu qin .he ze .shi wei zhi ji zhe yong .nv wei shuo ji zhe rong .ruo pu da zhi yi kui que yi .sui cai huai sui he .xing ruo you yi .zhong bu ke yi wei rong .shi zu yi fa xiao er zi dian er .shu ci yi da .hui dong cong shang lai .you po jian shi .xiang jian ri qian .zu zu wu xu yu zhi jian .de jie zhi yi .jin shao qing bao bu ce zhi zui .she xun yue .po ji dong .pu you bao cong shang yong .kong zu ran bu ke wei hui .shi pu zhong yi bu de shu fen men yi xiao zuo you .ze chang shi zhe hun po si hen wu qiong .qing lue chen gu lou .que ran jiu bu bao .xing wu wei guo .pu wen zhi .xiu shen zhe .zhi zhi fu ye .ai shi zhe .ren zhi duan ye .qu yu zhe .yi zhi biao ye .chi ru zhe .yong zhi jue ye .li ming zhe .xing zhi ji ye .shi you ci wu zhe .ran hou ke yi tuo yu shi .lie yu jun zi zhi lin yi .gu huo mo can yu yu li .bei mo tong yu shang xin .xing mo chou yu ru xian .gou mo da yu gong xing .xing yu zhi ren .wu suo bi shu .fei yi shi ye .suo cong lai yuan yi .xi wei ling gong yu yong qu tong zai .kong zi shi chen .shang yang yin jing jian jian .zhao liang han xin .tong zi can cheng .yuan si bian se .zi gu er chi zhi .fu yi zhong cai zhi ren .shi you guan yu huan shu .mo bu shang qi .er kuang yu kang kai zhi shi hu .ru jin chao ting sui fa ren .nai he ling dao ju zhi yu .jian tian xia zhi hao jun zai .pu lai xian ren xu ye .de dai zui nian gu xia .er shi yu nian yi .suo yi zi wei .shang zhi .bu neng na zhong xiao xin .you qi ce cai li zhi yu .zi jie ming zhu .ci zhi .you bu neng shi yi bu que .zhao xian jin neng .xian yan xue zhi shi .wai zhi .bu neng bei xing wu .gong cheng ye zhan .you zhan jiang qian qi zhi gong .xia zhi .bu neng ji ri lei lao .qu zun guan hou lu .yi wei zong zu jiao you guang chong .si zhe wu yi sui .gou he qu rong .wu suo duan chang zhi xiao .ke jian yu ci yi .xiang zhe .pu yi chang ce xia da fu zhi lie .pei wai ting mo yi .bu yi ci shi yin wei gang .jin si lv .jin yi kui xing wei sao chu zhi li .zai ta rong zhi zhong .nai yu yang shou shen mei .lun lie shi fei .bu yi qing chao ting .xiu dang shi zhi shi xie .jie hu .jie hu .ru pu shang he yan zai .shang he yan zai .qie shi ben mo wei yi ming ye .pu shao fu bu ji zhi cai .chang wu xiang qu zhi yu .zhu shang xing yi xian ren zhi gu .shi de feng bao ji .chu ru zhou wei zhi zhong .pu yi wei dai pen he yi wang tian .gu jue bin ke zhi zhi .wang shi jia zhi ye .ri ye si jie qi bu xiao zhi cai li .wu yi xin ying zhi .yi qiu qin mei yu zhu shang .er shi nai you da miu bu ran zhe .fu pu yu li ling ju ju men xia .su fei neng xiang shan ye .qu she yi lu .wei chang xian bei jiu .jie yin qin zhi yu huan .ran pu guan qi wei ren .zi shou qi shi .shi qin xiao .yu shi xin .lin cai lian .qu yu yi .fen bie you rang .gong jian xia ren .chang si fen bu gu shen .yi xun guo jia zhi ji .qi su suo xu ji ye .pu yi wei you guo shi zhi feng .fu ren chen chu wan si bu gu yi sheng zhi ji .fu gong jia zhi nan .si yi qi yi .jin ju shi yi bu dang .er quan qu bao qi zi zhi chen sui er mei nie qi duan .pu cheng si xin tong zhi .qie li ling ti bu zu bu man wu qian .shen jian rong ma zhi di .zu li wang ting .chui er hu kou .heng tiao qiang hu .yang yi wan zhi shi .yu dan yu lian zhan shi you yu ri .suo sha guo dang .lu jiu si fu shang bu gei .zhan qiu zhi jun chang xian zhen bu .nai xi zheng qi zuo .you xian wang .ju yin gong zhi min .yi guo gong gong er wei zhi .zhuan dou qian li .shi jin dao qiong .jiu bing bu zhi .shi zu si shang ru ji .ran ling yi hu lao jun .shi wu bu qi .gong zi liu ti .mei xue yin qi .geng zhang kong juan .mao bai ren .bei shou zheng si di zhe .ling wei mei shi .shi you lai bao .han gong qing wang hou jie feng shang shang shou .hou shu ri .ling bai shu wen .zhu shang wei zhi shi bu gan wei .ting chao bu yi .da chen you ju .bu zhi suo chu .pu qie bu zi liao qi bei jian .jian zhu shang can qi da dao .cheng yu xiao qi kuan kuan zhi yu .yi wei li ling su yu shi da fu jue gan fen shao .neng de ren zhi si li .sui gu zhi ming jiang .bu neng guo ye .shen sui xian bai .bi guan qi yi .qie yu de qi dang er bao yu han .shi yi wu ke nai he .qi suo cui bai .gong yi zu yi bao yu tian xia yi .pu huai yu chen zhi .er wei you lu .shi hui zhao wen .ji yi ci zhi .tui yan ling zhi gong .yu yi guang zhu shang zhi yi .sai ya zi zhi ci .wei neng jin ming .ming zhu bu xiao .yi wei pu ju er shi .er wei li ling you shuo .sui xia yu li .quan quan zhi zhong .zhong bu neng zi lie .yin wei wu shang .zu cong li yi .jia pin .huo lu bu zu yi zi shu .jiao you mo jiu .zuo you qin jin bu wei yi yan .shen fei mu shi .du yu fa li wei wu .shen you ling yu zhi zhong .shui ke gao su zhe .ci zhen shao qing suo qin jian .pu xing shi qi bu ran hu .li ling ji sheng jiang .tui qi jia sheng .er pu you er zhi can shi .zhong wei tian xia guan xiao .bei fu .bei fu .shi wei yi yi er wei su ren yan ye .pu zhi xian fei you po fu dan shu zhi gong .wen shi xing li .jin hu bo zhu zhi jian .gu zhu shang suo xi nong .chang you suo xu .liu su zhi suo qing ye .jia ling pu fu fa shou zhu .ruo jiu niu wang yi mao .yu lou yi he yi yi .er shi you bu yu neng si jie zhe bi .te yi wei zhi qiong zui ji .bu neng zi mian .zu jiu si er .he ye .su suo zi shu li shi ran ye .ren gu you yi si .huo zhong yu tai shan .huo qing yu hong mao .yong zhi suo qu yi ye .tai shang bu ru xian .qi ci bu ru shen .qi ci bu ru li se .qi ci bu ru ci ling .qi ci qu ti shou ru .qi ci yi fu shou ru .qi ci guan mu suo .bei chui chu shou ru .qi ci ti mao fa .ying jin tie shou ru .qi ci hui ji fu .duan zhi ti shou ru .zui xia fu xing ji yi .chuan yue .xing bu shang da fu ..ci yan shi jie bu ke bu mian li ye .meng hu zai shen shan .bai shou zhen kong .ji zai jian jing zhi zhong .yao wei er qiu shi .ji wei yue zhi jian ye .gu shi you hua di wei lao .shi bu ke ru .xiao mu wei li .yi bu ke dui .ding ji yu xian ye .jin jiao shou zu .shou mu suo .bao ji fu .shou bang chui .you yu yuan qiang zhi zhong .dang ci zhi shi .jian yu li ze tou qiang di .shi tu li ze xin ti xi .he zhe .ji wei yue zhi shi ye .ji yi zhi shi .yan bu ru zhe .suo wei qiang yan er .he zu gui hu .qie xi bo .bo ye .ju yu you li .li si .xiang ye .ju yu wu xing .huai yin .wang ye .shou xie yu chen .peng yue .zhang ao .nan mian cheng gu .xi yu di zui .jiang hou zhu zhu lv .quan qing wu bo .qiu yu qing shi .wei qi .da jiang ye .yi zhe yi .guan san mu .ji bu wei zhu jia qian nu .guan fu shou ru yu ju shi .ci ren jie shen zhi wang hou jiang xiang .sheng wen lin guo .ji zui zhi wang jia .bu neng yin jue zi cai .zai chen ai zhi zhong .gu jin yi ti .an zai qi bu ru ye .you ci yan zhi .yong qie .shi ye .qiang ruo .xing ye .shen yi .he zu guai hu .fu ren bu neng zao zi cai sheng mo zhi wai .yi shao ling chi .zhi yu bian chui zhi jian .nai yu yin jie .si bu yi yuan hu .gu ren suo yi zhong shi xing yu da fu zhe .dai wei ci ye .fu ren qing mo bu tan sheng e si .nian fu mu .gu qi zi .zhi ji yu yi li zhe bu ran .nai you suo bu de yi ye .jin pu bu xing .zao shi fu mu .wu xiong di zhi qin .du shen gu li .shao qing shi pu yu qi zi he ru zai .qie yong zhe bu bi si jie .qie fu mu yi .he chu bu mian yan .pu sui qie nuo .yu gou huo .yi po shi qu jiu zhi fen yi .he zhi zi chen ni lei xie zhi ru zai .qie fu zang huo bi qie .you neng yin jue .kuang pu zhi bu de yi hu .suo yi yin ren gou huo .you yu fen tu zhi zhong er bu ci zhe .hen si xin you suo bu jin .bi lou mei shi .er wen cai bu biao yu hou ye .gu zhe fu gui er ming mo mie .bu ke sheng ji .wei ti tang fei chang zhi ren cheng yan .gai wen wang ju er yan .zhou yi ..zhong ni e er zuo .chun qiu ..qu yuan fang zhu .nai fu .li sao ..zuo qiu shi ming .jue you .guo yu ..sun zi bin jiao ..bing fa .xiu lie .bu wei qian shu .shi chuan .lv lan ..han fei qiu qin ..shuo nan ..gu fen ...shi .san bai pian .da di sheng xian fa fen zhi suo wei zuo ye .ci ren jie yi you suo yu jie .bu de tong qi dao .gu shu wang shi .si lai zhe .nai ru zuo qiu wu mu .sun zi duan zu .zhong bu ke yong .tui er lun shu ce .yi shu qi fen .si chui kong wen yi zi jian .pu qie bu xun .jin zi tuo yu wu neng zhi ci .wang luo tian xia fang shi jiu wen .lue kao qi xing shi .zong qi zhong shi .ji qi cheng bai xing huai zhi ji .shang ji xuan yuan .xia zhi yu zi .wei shi biao .ben ji shi er .shu ba zhang .shi jia san shi .lie chuan qi shi .fan bai san shi pian .yi yu yi jiu tian ren zhi ji .tong gu jin zhi bian .cheng yi jia zhi yan .cao chuang wei jiu .hui zao ci huo .xi qi bu cheng .shi yi jiu ji xing er wu yun se .pu cheng yi zhuo ci shu .cang zhi ming shan .chuan zhi qi ren .tong yi da du .ze pu chang qian ru zhi ze .sui wan bei lu .qi you hui zai .ran ci ke wei zhi zhe dao .nan wei su ren yan ye .qie fu xia wei yi ju .xia liu duo bang yi .pu yi kou yu yu zao ci huo .zhong wei xiang dang suo xiao .yi wu ru xian ren .yi he mian mu fu shang fu mu zhi qiu mu hu .sui lei bai shi .gou mi shen er .shi yi chang yi ri er jiu hui .ju ze hu hu ruo you suo wang .chu ze bu zhi qi suo wang .mei nian si chi .han wei chang bu fa bei zhan yi ye .shen zhi wei gui ge zhi chen .ning de zi yin shen cang yu yan xue xie .gu qie cong su fu chen .yu shi fu yang .yi tong qi kuang huo .jin shao qing nai jiao yi tui xian jin shi .wu nai yu pu si xin la miu hu .jin sui yu zi diao zhuo .man ci yi zi shi .wu yi .yu su bu xin .shi zu qu ru er .yao zhi .si ri ran hou shi fei nai ding .shu bu neng xi yi .gu lue chen gu lou .jin zai bai .qi qi qie qie .can dan huang hua jie .meng li zhen sheng hun wei xie .na geng luan qiong bei yan .chen sheng yan zi kong lou .pao can xian suo chuang tou .yi yang xiao feng can yue .er jin chu xu tian chou .shan cang bai hu yun cang si .chi shang lao mei zhi .dong ting gui xing .xiang gan hong shu .lu kuai yin si .bai jia chi guan .wu gong hua cao .ke si dang shi .zui lian ren chu .ti wu ye yue .you yuan xi shi .dao xie yin he shi you wu .xian tian zhuo lang zhi xu yu .ren jian geng you feng tao xian .fan shuo huang he shi wei tu .shao bie hua yang wan li you .jin nan feng jing bu zeng qiu .hong fang lv sun shi xing lu .zong you ti yuan ting que you .li bei huai rou .gong xuan wu yong .xun ye ying xu .nian xiang xie qing .

落日将没于岘山之西(xi)。我戴着山公的白帽子在花下饮得醉态可掬。
④.宫锦：供皇(huang)家使用的高级锦缎。门前的野草，别后秋天枯黄春来变得碧绿。
50.江湖满地：指漂泊江湖，苦无归宿。渔翁：杜甫自比(bi)。上天将天下授予殷商，纣的王位是如何施与？
天下事：此指恢复中原之事。.后羿怎样射下九日？日中之乌如何解体？
③巴(ba)巴：可怜巴巴。空剩下一丝余香留在此，心上人却已不知(zhi)道在哪里去留？
“白云”句：此句化用《穆天子传》卷三：“西王母为天子谣(yao)曰(yue)：‘白云在天，山陵自出。道里悠远，山川间之。’”之意。高高的轩台辉映(ying)着春色，深邃的楼阁沐浴着朝阳。
⑶“影灭”二句：谓弄玉、箫史二人登仙，人去楼空，只有其事千古流传于秦地。

　　这首诗采莲活动写得相当细致，从头到尾都是运用叙述和白描手法，如同采莲女一样淡妆浅梳，不假雕饰，表现出一种纯朴明丽的风格，洋溢着浓郁的江南民歌风味。全诗构思独特，每韵一段，各段之间富有变化，从而展示出从晨出到暮归群体采莲的全部过程。全诗场景多变，情节丰富，令人留连往返，兴味无穷。
　　第二联写鹤从高空向孤屿盘旋而下，蝉鸣未止，拖着尾声飞向别的树枝。诗人写景寄情，即以鹤蝉自况，前者脱俗，后者清高。这是说自己空有才学，不能凌云展翅，占枝高鸣，却落得个异地依人、他乡为客的境地，犹如这鹤投孤屿、蝉过别枝一般。一个“投”字，一个“过”字，一个“孤”字，一个“别”字，寄寓着怀才不遇的身世之慨，自怨自艾，自悲自叹，却又无可奈何。
　　《《吊古战场文》李华 古诗》名为“吊古”，实是讽今。全文以“古战场”为抒情的基点，以“伤心哉”为连缀全篇的感情主线，以远戍的苦况、两军厮杀的惨状、得人与否的对比、士卒家属吊祭的悲怆为结构层次，层层铺叙，愈转愈深，结末点出主旨。结构紧凑，一气呵成。开篇劈空描写古战场阴森悲凉的气象：沙漠空旷无边，杳无人迹，河水回环缠绕，群山交错杂列，天地昏暗，气象憔悴，飞蓬根断，野草枯死．飞鸟不肯落下，野兽离群而奔突，使人触目惊心，魂失魄散。接着文锋一转，借亭长之口点题，叙说古战场“常覆三军”的历史和天阴鬼哭的惨状，增强了文章的可信性与感染力。再以“伤心哉”的慨叹，倾吐深沉的吊古之情，给全篇笼罩上了一层愁惨黯淡的感情色彩。“秦欤?汉欤?将近代欤?”发问深婉，有力统领起全文。
　　诗的首联首句：“非银非水映窗寒”，写的便是月色，并未真正切题。只有到了次句：“试看晴空护玉盘”才正式进入咏月本意。这一句的“护玉盘”之喻，是较为形象生动的。然而这种比况并非始于香菱，在李白《古朗月行》一诗中，就已有“小时不识月，呼作白玉盘”之句，只不过香菱在这里把它借用过来罢了。较之前诗“玉镜”、“冰盘”等词，这一借用显然要高明一些，表达的意思也就雅致一些。
　　第二层写失去自由之后的鹤，比喻诗人自己受人节制，郁郁不乐。自由翱翔的云鹤，一旦被捕入苑中，成为帝王苑囿中的玩赏之物，飞向云天的志向便被摧折而很难实现了。这正是诗人被召回朝廷之后当时处境的形象比喻，受制于人而不能一逞英雄之志。通过前后两层鲜明形象的对比，诗人因一时受限制而内心苦闷不平得到了生动的表现。
　　王维写辋川诗时是在晚年，即安史之乱以前。自唐玄宗开元二十四年(736)张九龄罢知政事，李林甫一派反动势力上台，朝政黑暗，社会矛盾日趋尖锐。王维虽然在朝，他倾向于张九龄的开明政治，对现实十分不满而又无能为力，内心矛盾，产生退隐归田的思想而又恋于禄位。他于是先后在长安附近的终南山和辋川建立别墅，过着亦仕亦隐的生活。
　　骆谷在陕西周至西南，谷长四百余里，为关中通汉中的交通孔道，是一处军事要隘。诗人晚望于此，有感而吟此诗。此为缘景遣怀诗。这类诗率多景为宾，情为主，以景起兴，以情结景，它借助眼前实景，抒发内心幽情，越突出景物的瑰丽，越反衬心情的凄婉，细读自见堂奥。