异乡青嶂外，故里白云边。北极悬双眼，中秋度四年。灯前横一剑，江浒宿孤船。玉露漙漙忌，金波炯炯然。山风徒自溷，儒俗不同迁。对酒轻千日，论诗嗣百篇。斫才犹见朴，礲智未成圆。自是穷荒地，谁怜落寞天。梧桐床护满，蟋蟀井吟偏。何处寻灵运，无人问稚川。寒岩巢燕别，疏竹网虫悬。市贾希求纸，民储寡守钱。饔餐粗乃习，衣褐短堪怜。名谷非甘谷，称泉半盗泉。土城门不警，竹屋壁常穿。钧石唯咨背，舆台只食肩。戆呆千百种，秀敏几多员。猎野狐偕走，烧畲蚁并缘。夸酣言沓沓，鼓饱腹便便。定静聋疑吹，晴明瞽讶烟。立名甘在下，恃气或争前。肥丑红楼女，粗豪碧洞仙。城隅频有约，淇水久相传。淰淰重岚晻，潺潺小涧湲。背恩棠遂伐，忘义豆长煎。胥学凶如虿，无惭行有膻。豚蹄祈殖谷，糟酒乐登筵。墉集欺猫鼠，林藏逐雀鹯。礼罗谁共入，宪网底粗悛。腐木难胜斧，孤雏叵受鋋。整冠迷狎李，称物昧持权。天德劳巡抚，人愚苦系挛。树藩吁格逖，作县失烝蠲。平谳翻遗蠹，催科绝胜畋。秽污无与汰，残忍复叨全。私有千端计，公无半语宣。执鞭深结友，握椠恶亲贤。富视铜三百，贫量石二千。中冓言可丑，有北尔当先。反笑人驽钝，私扬已骥翩。谬为明舞态，暗弄卓奔弦。伪狗故盛衍，非鱼罔寄筌。斯人宜罪也，夫我岂为焉。自昔图通变，而今谨折旋。第令心怏怏，未极理玄玄。诸子新粱肉，群经旧井田。鸾鸣将日近，鹏举欲云连。何苦原衣弊，难更肇锦鲜。平澜寒负耒，阴壑夜鸣舷。冷落千军笔，纷披十样笺。廉都多宠顾，贪守一拘牵。固谓身无绌，原来命独邅。昆山宁玉弃，合浦敢珠捐。踧蹜腾高浪，参差始碧涟。悠悠江至澧，浩浩洛吞瀍。对客封佳句，思亲梦故阡。甘心和氏璞，陶面祖生鞭。嫫母声兼恶，南威色丧娟。嗷嗷秋塞雁，嘒嘒晚林蝉。传世心如锦，回天力未绵。马融先解帐，郑老疾推毡。幼子摊书籍，娇妻问翠钿。干坤无广厦，风雪压危椽。泛慕沧溟际，行思岱岳巅。五穷延使坐，三疾强令痊。日啖如瓜枣，时寻在火莲。拒随昌寓乘，嬉射长房拳。逼侧悲图骏，徘徊笑卜鳣。敛容过土梗，负汗逐罗鞯。灸热谁何焰，随流恁地涓。摘苹聊涉沚，务稼暂依堧。缅为知心惜，难纾渴思缠。晴冈灵凤哑，旱岁老龙眠。恶守邪溪黑，勤磨大道坚。胸襟真濩落，翰墨独瑰妍。既作鹏同起，休论鷃旂翾。数精卑一行，词正狭优旃。气象凌秋汉，光华逼斗躔。居今仍齿齿，览古愈虔虔。珍敌西南美，雄排左右甄。上台凝望锐，寄字远求骈。京赋人争写，麟经手续编。小官居不愠，健笔秉须专。白下岩鸣铎，长沙省佩弦。杖明诛琐伯，吐爱学乘禅。尔雅言言熟，传灯字字诠。贾生谗自汉，郭隗起无燕。门弟怀明道，家人念闵骞。久孤黔首恋，肯与瘴江延。写别衣皆泪，求亲道欲涎。山长空寄鲤，春尽好闻鹃。牛女缡犹结，参商毂怎旋。荡舟如得奡，辟谷苟缝佺。阊阖须臾启，文昌瞬息褰。世间惊两鸟，眼底尽飞鸢。脱后前人步，终贻半世愆。酉山书每附，浯石颂宜镌。处处青春在，年年碧草芊。壮心期不已，浩气亮非孱。韩柳拼来择，萧曹幸免铨。日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。长相思，在长安。络纬秋啼金井阑，微霜凄凄簟色寒。孤灯不明思欲绝，卷帷望月空长叹。美人如花隔云端！上有青冥之长天，下有渌水之波澜。天长路远魂飞苦，梦魂不到关山难。长相思，摧心肝！九玄眷命，三圣基隆。奉成先旨，明台毕功。茅既缩，鬯既薰。后来思，福如云。的历流光小，飘飖弱翅轻。恐畏无人识，独自暗中明。晓发梳临水，寒塘坐见秋。乡心正无限，一雁度南楼。晚云收，淡天一片琉璃。烂银盘、来从海底，皓色千里澄辉。莹无尘、素娥淡伫，静可数、丹桂参差。玉露初零，金风未凛，一年无似此佳时。露坐久，疏萤时度，乌鹊正南飞。瑶台冷，栏干凭暖，欲下迟迟。 念佳人、音尘别后，对此应解相思。最关情、漏声正永，暗断肠、花影偷移。料得来宵，清光未减，阴晴天气又争知。共凝恋、如今别后，还是隔年期。人强健，清尊素影，长愿相随。

yi xiang qing zhang wai .gu li bai yun bian .bei ji xuan shuang yan .zhong qiu du si nian .deng qian heng yi jian .jiang hu su gu chuan .yu lu tuan tuan ji .jin bo jiong jiong ran .shan feng tu zi hun .ru su bu tong qian .dui jiu qing qian ri .lun shi si bai pian .zhuo cai you jian pu .long zhi wei cheng yuan .zi shi qiong huang di .shui lian luo mo tian .wu tong chuang hu man .xi shuai jing yin pian .he chu xun ling yun .wu ren wen zhi chuan .han yan chao yan bie .shu zhu wang chong xuan .shi jia xi qiu zhi .min chu gua shou qian .yong can cu nai xi .yi he duan kan lian .ming gu fei gan gu .cheng quan ban dao quan .tu cheng men bu jing .zhu wu bi chang chuan .jun shi wei zi bei .yu tai zhi shi jian .gang dai qian bai zhong .xiu min ji duo yuan .lie ye hu xie zou .shao she yi bing yuan .kua han yan da da .gu bao fu bian bian .ding jing long yi chui .qing ming gu ya yan .li ming gan zai xia .shi qi huo zheng qian .fei chou hong lou nv .cu hao bi dong xian .cheng yu pin you yue .qi shui jiu xiang chuan .nian nian zhong lan an .chan chan xiao jian yuan .bei en tang sui fa .wang yi dou chang jian .xu xue xiong ru chai .wu can xing you shan .tun ti qi zhi gu .zao jiu le deng yan .yong ji qi mao shu .lin cang zhu que zhan .li luo shui gong ru .xian wang di cu quan .fu mu nan sheng fu .gu chu po shou chan .zheng guan mi xia li .cheng wu mei chi quan .tian de lao xun fu .ren yu ku xi luan .shu fan yu ge ti .zuo xian shi zheng juan .ping yan fan yi du .cui ke jue sheng tian .hui wu wu yu tai .can ren fu dao quan .si you qian duan ji .gong wu ban yu xuan .zhi bian shen jie you .wo qian e qin xian .fu shi tong san bai .pin liang shi er qian .zhong gou yan ke chou .you bei er dang xian .fan xiao ren nu dun .si yang yi ji pian .miu wei ming wu tai .an nong zhuo ben xian .wei gou gu sheng yan .fei yu wang ji quan .si ren yi zui ye .fu wo qi wei yan .zi xi tu tong bian .er jin jin zhe xuan .di ling xin yang yang .wei ji li xuan xuan .zhu zi xin liang rou .qun jing jiu jing tian .luan ming jiang ri jin .peng ju yu yun lian .he ku yuan yi bi .nan geng zhao jin xian .ping lan han fu lei .yin he ye ming xian .leng luo qian jun bi .fen pi shi yang jian .lian du duo chong gu .tan shou yi ju qian .gu wei shen wu chu .yuan lai ming du zhan .kun shan ning yu qi .he pu gan zhu juan .cu su teng gao lang .can cha shi bi lian .you you jiang zhi li .hao hao luo tun chan .dui ke feng jia ju .si qin meng gu qian .gan xin he shi pu .tao mian zu sheng bian .mo mu sheng jian e .nan wei se sang juan .ao ao qiu sai yan .hui hui wan lin chan .chuan shi xin ru jin .hui tian li wei mian .ma rong xian jie zhang .zheng lao ji tui zhan .you zi tan shu ji .jiao qi wen cui dian .gan kun wu guang xia .feng xue ya wei chuan .fan mu cang ming ji .xing si dai yue dian .wu qiong yan shi zuo .san ji qiang ling quan .ri dan ru gua zao .shi xun zai huo lian .ju sui chang yu cheng .xi she chang fang quan .bi ce bei tu jun .pai huai xiao bo zhan .lian rong guo tu geng .fu han zhu luo jian .jiu re shui he yan .sui liu ren di juan .zhai ping liao she zhi .wu jia zan yi ruan .mian wei zhi xin xi .nan shu ke si chan .qing gang ling feng ya .han sui lao long mian .e shou xie xi hei .qin mo da dao jian .xiong jin zhen huo luo .han mo du gui yan .ji zuo peng tong qi .xiu lun yan qi xuan .shu jing bei yi xing .ci zheng xia you zhan .qi xiang ling qiu han .guang hua bi dou chan .ju jin reng chi chi .lan gu yu qian qian .zhen di xi nan mei .xiong pai zuo you zhen .shang tai ning wang rui .ji zi yuan qiu pian .jing fu ren zheng xie .lin jing shou xu bian .xiao guan ju bu yun .jian bi bing xu zhuan .bai xia yan ming duo .chang sha sheng pei xian .zhang ming zhu suo bo .tu ai xue cheng chan .er ya yan yan shu .chuan deng zi zi quan .jia sheng chan zi han .guo wei qi wu yan .men di huai ming dao .jia ren nian min qian .jiu gu qian shou lian .ken yu zhang jiang yan .xie bie yi jie lei .qiu qin dao yu xian .shan chang kong ji li .chun jin hao wen juan .niu nv li you jie .can shang gu zen xuan .dang zhou ru de ao .bi gu gou feng quan .chang he xu yu qi .wen chang shun xi qian .shi jian jing liang niao .yan di jin fei yuan .tuo hou qian ren bu .zhong yi ban shi qian .you shan shu mei fu .wu shi song yi juan .chu chu qing chun zai .nian nian bi cao qian .zhuang xin qi bu yi .hao qi liang fei chan .han liu pin lai ze .xiao cao xing mian quan .ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..chang xiang si .zai chang an .luo wei qiu ti jin jing lan .wei shuang qi qi dian se han .gu deng bu ming si yu jue .juan wei wang yue kong chang tan .mei ren ru hua ge yun duan .shang you qing ming zhi chang tian .xia you lu shui zhi bo lan .tian chang lu yuan hun fei ku .meng hun bu dao guan shan nan .chang xiang si .cui xin gan .jiu xuan juan ming .san sheng ji long .feng cheng xian zhi .ming tai bi gong .mao ji suo .chang ji xun .hou lai si .fu ru yun .de li liu guang xiao .piao yao ruo chi qing .kong wei wu ren shi .du zi an zhong ming .xiao fa shu lin shui .han tang zuo jian qiu .xiang xin zheng wu xian .yi yan du nan lou .wan yun shou .dan tian yi pian liu li .lan yin pan .lai cong hai di .hao se qian li cheng hui .ying wu chen .su e dan zhu .jing ke shu .dan gui can cha .yu lu chu ling .jin feng wei lin .yi nian wu si ci jia shi .lu zuo jiu .shu ying shi du .wu que zheng nan fei .yao tai leng .lan gan ping nuan .yu xia chi chi . nian jia ren .yin chen bie hou .dui ci ying jie xiang si .zui guan qing .lou sheng zheng yong .an duan chang .hua ying tou yi .liao de lai xiao .qing guang wei jian .yin qing tian qi you zheng zhi .gong ning lian .ru jin bie hou .huan shi ge nian qi .ren qiang jian .qing zun su ying .chang yuan xiang sui .

这清幽境地很合我的雅兴，足可以把身心(xin)和耳目荡涤。
21、纫（rèn）：草有茎叶可做绳索。妻子一人孤独凄清的盏着红蜡，盖着青菱被，任那水沉香的香气沉晕。但此时自己身在远方，停宿黄茅野店，耳畔是西风猎猎，感到凄迟伤感。
其人：他家里的人。桃花带着几点露珠。
（26）“长风”句：谓大风吹动船帆，战舰急速前进。长风，大风。挂席，船上张起的帆。到处采撷艾蒿、蒲草繁忙，谁家的青年男女，准备过端午节？五色丝带缠绕着手臂唱歌跳舞。我内心惆怅，还有谁在端午节追悼屈原？
绝四邻：指这里的幽雅景致是周围四邻所没有的。绝：《全唐诗》一作“绕”。　　庾信的文章到了老年就更加成熟了，其笔力高超雄健，文思如潮，文笔挥洒自如。当今的人讥笑、指责他留下的文章，如果庾信还活着，恐怕真会觉得你们这些后生可畏了。　　王勃、杨炯、卢照邻和骆宾王四杰在当时的时代条件下，他们的作品已经达到最高的造诣。四杰的文章被认为(wei)是轻薄的，被守旧文人讥笑。你们这些守旧文人，在历史的长河中(zhong)本微不足道，因此只能身名俱灭，而四杰却如江河不废，万古流芳。　　即便是王杨卢骆四杰操笔作诗，作品比不上汉魏的诗歌而接近《诗经》《楚辞》，但他们还是龙文虎脊的千里马，可以为君王驾车，纵横驰骋，不像你们一跑长途就会跌倒。　　你们的才力应难以超越上述几位，现在谁成就能超出他们？你们这些人所作的浓丽纤巧的诗文，不过是像翡翠飞翔在兰苕之上一般的货色，缺少大的气度，而没有如掣取鲸鱼于碧海之中那样的雄健才力和阔大气魄，只是一些小灵小巧的玩意。　　你们学诗要爱古人但也不能鄙薄像庾信、四杰这样的今人，要把他们的清词丽句引为同调。如果你们要在内心里追攀屈原、宋玉，应当具有和他们并驾齐驱的精神和才力，否则就会沿流失源，堕入齐、梁时期那种轻浮侧艳的后尘了。　　那些轻薄之辈不及前贤是毋庸置疑的，继承前人、互相学习的优秀传统应该是不用分先后的。区别和裁剪、淘汰那些形式内容都不好的诗，学习《诗经》风雅的传统，虚心向前贤学习，老师越多，这才是你们真正的老师。
23.其子欲诉诸官：那人的儿子想要到官府告状。朋友，我会记住这一夜，会永远记得这酒与诗，会永远记住你情深如江海的嘱咐。
（21）淮南行(xing)省：张士诚在苏州称吴王（1363—1367）后，仿元代行省建制，设淮南行省，地处当今江苏、安徽两省长江以北、淮河以南地区。参知政事：行省的副长官。饶公，名介，字介之，自号华盖山樵，临(lin)川（今属江西）人，元末自翰林应奉出佥江浙廉访司事，张士诚称吴王后，任饶介为淮南行省参知政事。吴亡，被俘处死。有《右丞集》。客：门客，幕僚。

　　总之，在《报任安书》中，司马迁通过富有特色的语言，真切地表达了激扬喷薄的愤激感情，表现出峻洁的人品和伟大的精神，可谓字字血泪，声声衷肠，气贯长虹，催人泪下。前人的评价，“感慨啸歌有燕赵烈士之风，忧愁幽思则又直与《离骚》对垒”，实在精辟。
　　唐韩愈的著名长篇五言古诗《南山》，其中有两段，一段连用十九个以“或”字起句的句子，另一段连用三十个以“或”字起句的句子，都是两句一对比。很明显，韩愈借鉴了《小雅·《北山》佚名 古诗》的这种手法。但是，韩愈的诗未免过于铺陈繁富，如沈德潜所批评：“然情不深而侈其辞，只是汉赋体段。”比较而言，韩愈诗不如《小雅·《北山》佚名 古诗》情切而明晰。
　　开头两句用的是托物起兴的手法。明月在中国诗歌传统里，起着触发怀想相思的作用，比如李白的“举头望明月，低头思故乡”。月光月夜，会撩起诗人绵绵不尽的思绪，勾起心中思念怪挂怀的人或事。当皎洁的明月照着高楼，清澄的月光如徘徊不止的流水轻轻晃动著，伫立在高楼上登高望远的思妇，在月光的沐浴下伤叹着无尽哀愁。曹植接着采用自问自答的形式，牵引出怨妇幽幽地叙述悲苦的身世，这同时也是曹植牵动了对自己崎岖境遇的感慨。从明月撩动心事到引述内心苦闷，曹植写得流畅自然，不著痕迹，成为“建安绝唱”。
　　这句诗色彩清淡，情意浓挚，七个字，淋漓尽致地抒发了诗人远游伤春的情怀。“独怜京国人南窜”，是这首诗的中心所在，从前两句的忆春、伤春转入叙事抒情，感慨自己从京都流贬到荒僻的南地。“独”字下得有力，使全句生神，激活全篇。“不似湘江水北流”，紧承第三句点题作结，出语自然。管世铭《读雪山房唐诗序例》说：“初唐七绝，味在酸咸之外，‘人情已厌南中苦，鸿雁那从北地来 ’，‘独怜京国人南窜，不似湘江水北流’，‘即今河畔冰开日，正是长安花落时 ’，读之初似常语，久而自知其妙。”所谓“味在酸咸之外”，即指诗中蕴含的情感复杂丰富余味无穷。这些诗句的妙处，不仅在于融情于景，而且还通过时间、空间、景物的不同对比，形成一种杳邈迷茫的意境，仿佛有万般的游丝争惹人的离愁，读者细细体味就能感受其巨大的感染力。“独怜京国人南窜，不似湘江水北流”，初读似常语，并无警策之处，仔细品味，就可看到诗人怅惘的形象。他独立舟头，思悠悠，无限离愁，正如一江春水向北流。杜审言性格爽朗轩豁，喜直抒胸臆，这自是其诗的特色之一。《载酒园诗话》说他“即作磊砢语，亦犹苏子瞻坐桄榔树下食芋饮水，略无攒眉蹙额之态。”这段形象的评语，可帮助我们从多方面去感受欣赏杜审言诗的风格。
　　第二段再现了桂林瑰丽的自然风光，充满浓郁的生活气息。在歌咏自然风光的同时还表现了送人的真挚情谊。“与我分手。忘记我还是可以的，怎么能忘掉这美好的山水啊！”这不仅希望好友能记住这美丽的风景，还希望能永远记住他们的友谊。表现出作者感情细腻，非常珍惜这份友谊，“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”比较能反映出作者的心境。
　　物我一体、婉曲含蓄是此诗表现手法上的特色。在《《跂乌词》柳宗元 古诗》中，柳宗元以高超技巧，展示出寓言诗的魅力。全诗无一不在说跂乌，又无一不在言自己，真正做到了物我难分。这种效果的取得，首先在物的选择上，诗人以跂鸦为意的寄托物，是很有深意的。它具有多层含义。一方面，乌鸦是不吉祥的小动物，给人的印象是多嘴惹祸、制造麻烦、没有婉转动听声音，常常被人指责。柳宗元的革新中的言行举止，被众臣视为“怪民”，群起攻之，这点与乌鸦十分相似。当然，群乌给柳宗元的印象也是一样。这就缩短了物与人之间的距离，启动了读者的想象。另一方面，跂乌又是令人同情的弱者，它那伤残的躯体、危险的处境以及惶恐退避的心理，读者更易锁定被贬的柳宗元。其次，在跂乌的刻画上传神而深刻，作者舍弃外貌描绘而直达其神。突出的只是落魄过程和此后的感受，及避免了浅直之弊，其婉曲之美、含蓄之韵，使物我浑然一体。