长江千里，烟淡水云阔。歌沉玉树，古寺空有疏钟发。六代兴亡如梦，苒苒惊时月。兵戈凌灭。豪华销尽，几见银蟾自圆缺。 潮落潮生波渺，江树森如发。谁念迁客归来，老大伤名节。纵使岁寒途远，此志应难夺。高楼谁设。倚阑凝望，独立渔翁满江雪。众星罗列夜明深，岩点孤灯月未沉。圆满光华不磨莹，挂在青天是我心。落絮游丝三月候，风吹雨洗一城花。未知东郭清明酒，何似西窗谷雨茶。孟冬十月，北风徘徊，天气肃清，繁霜霏霏。鵾鸡晨鸣，鸿雁南飞，鸷鸟潜藏，熊罴窟栖。钱镈停置，农收积场，逆旅整设，以通贾商。幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。镐勤赏功。五军六师，千列盲重。酒车酌醴，方驾授饔。升觞举燧，既釂鸣钟。膳夫驰骑，察贰廉空。炙炮伙，清酤?。皇恩溥怖，洪德施。'徒御悦，士忘罢。巾车命驾?回旆右移。相羊乎五柞之馆，旋憩乎昆明之池。登豫章，简矰红。蒲且发，弋高鸿。挂白鹊，联飞龙。磻不待絓，往必加双。于是命舟牧，为水嬉。浮鹢首，翳云芝。垂翟葆，建羽旗。齐枻女，纵悼歌。发引和，校鸣葭。奏《淮南》，度《阳阿》。感河冯，怀湘娥。惊蛔蛹，惮蚊蛇。然后钓鲂鳢，缅鰋鲉。摭紫贝，搏耆龟。捞水豹旱潜牛。泽虞是滥，何有春秋？擿漻澥，搜川渎。布九罭，设罣蔍。摧昆鲕，殄水族。蓬藕拔，蜃蛤剥。逞欲畋斁，效获麑麃。谬蓼浡浪,干池涤薮。上无逸飞，下无遗走。攫胎拾卵，纸缘尽取。取乐今日，遑恤我后！既定且宁，焉知倾陁？大驾幸乎平乐，张甲乙而袭翠被。攒珍宝之玩好，纷瑰丽以侈靡。临迥望之广场，程角抵之妙戏。乌获扛鼎，都卢寻撞。冲狭燕濯，胸突铦锋。跳丸剑之挥霍，走索上而相逢。华岳峨峨，冈峦参差。神木灵草，朱实离离.总会仙倡，戏豹舞罴。白虎鼓瑟，苍龙吹篪。女娥坐而长歌，声清畅而蜲蛇.洪涯立而指麾,被毛羽之襳襹。度曲未终，云起雪飞。初若飘飘，后遂霏霏。复陆重阁，转石成雷。礔砺激而增响，磅盖象乎天威。巨兽百寻，是为曼延。神山崔巍，欻从背见。熊虎升而挐攫，猿狖超而高援。怪兽陆梁，大雀踆踆。白象行孕，垂鼻磷囷。海鳞变而成龙，状婉婉以昷昷。舍利飏飏，化为仙车，骊驾四鹿,芝盖九葩。蟾蜍与龟，水人弄蛇。奇幻倏忽，易貌分形。吞刀吐火，云雾杏冥。画地成川，流渭通泾。东海黄公，赤刀粤祝。冀厌白虎，卒不能救。挟邪作蛊，于是不售。尔乃建戏车，树修旃。伥僮程材,上下翩翻。突倒投而跟絓，譬陨绝而复联。百马同辔，骋足并驰。撞末之技，态不可弥。弯弓射乎西羌，又顾发乎鲜卑。于是众变尽，心酲醉。般乐极，怅怀萃。阴戒期门，微行要屈。降尊就卑，怀玺藏绂。便旋闾阎，周观郊遂。若神龙之变化，章后皇之为贵。然后历掖庭，适欢馆。捐衰色，从嬿婉。促中堂之狭坐，羽觞行而无算。秘舞更奏，妙材骋技。妖蛊艳夫夏姬，美声畅于虞氏。始徐进而嬴形，似不任乎罗绮。嚼清商而却转、增婵娟以此豸。纷纵体而迅赴，若惊鹤之群罢。振朱屣于盘樽，奋长袖之飒俪。要绍修态，丽服飏菁。眠藐流眄，一顾倾城。展季桑门，谁能不营？列爵十四，竟媚取荣。盛衰无常，唯爱所丁。卫后兴于鬓发，飞燕宠于体轻。尔乃逞志究欲，穷身极娱。鉴戒《唐诗》，他人是偷。自君作故，何礼之拘？增昭仪于婕妤，贤既公而又侯。许赵氏以无上，思致董于有虞。王闳争坐于侧，汉载安而不渝。高祖创业，继体承基。暂劳永逸，无为而治。耽乐是从，何虑何思？多历年所，二百余期。徒以地沃野丰，百物殷阜吾闻京城南，兹维群山囿。东西两际海，巨细难悉究。山经及地志，茫昧非受授。团辞试提挈，挂一念万漏。欲休谅不能，粗叙所经觏。尝升崇丘望，戢戢见相凑。晴明出棱角，缕脉碎分绣。蒸岚相澒洞，表里忽通透。无风自飘簸，融液煦柔茂。横云时平凝，点点露数岫。天空浮脩眉，浓绿画新就。孤撑有巉绝，海浴褰鹏噣。春阳潜沮洳，濯濯吐深秀。岩峦虽嵂崒，软弱类含酎。夏炎百木盛，荫郁增埋覆。神灵日歊歔，云气争结构。秋霜喜刻轹，磔卓立癯瘦。参差相叠重，刚耿陵宇宙。冬行虽幽墨，冰雪工琢镂。新曦照危峨，亿丈恒高袤。明昏无停态，顷刻异状候。西南雄太白，突起莫间簉。藩都配德运，分宅占丁戊。逍遥越坤位，诋讦陷干窦。空虚寒兢兢，风气较搜漱。朱维方烧日，阴霰纵腾糅。昆明大池北，去觌偶晴昼。绵联穷俯视，倒侧困清沤。微澜动水面，踊跃躁猱狖。惊唿惜破碎，仰喜呀不仆。前寻径杜墅，坌蔽毕原陋。崎岖上轩昂，始得观览富。行行将遂穷，岭陆烦互走。勃然思坼裂，拥掩难恕宥。巨灵与夸蛾，远贾期必售。还疑造物意，固护蓄精祐。力虽能排斡，雷电怯呵诟。攀缘脱手足，蹭蹬抵积甃。茫如试矫首，堛塞生怐诟。威容丧萧爽，近新迷远旧。拘官计日用，欲进不可又。因缘窥其湫，凝湛閟阴兽。鱼虾可俯掇，神物安敢寇。林柯有脱叶，欲堕鸟惊救。争衔弯环飞，投弃急哺鷇。旋归道回睨，达枿壮复奏。吁嗟信奇怪，峙质能化贸。前年遭谴谪，探历得邂逅。初从蓝田入，顾眄劳颈脰。时天晦大雪，泪目苦蒙瞀。峻涂拖长冰，直上若悬熘。褰衣步推马，颠蹶退且复。苍黄忘遐睎，所瞩镵左右。杉篁咤蒲苏，杲耀攒介胄。专心忆平道，脱险逾避臭。昨来逢清霁，宿愿忻始副。峥嵘跻冢顶，倏闪杂鼯鼬。前低划开阔，烂漫堆众皱。或连若相从；或蹙若相斗；或妥若弭伏；或竦若惊雊；或散若瓦解；或赴若辐辏；或翩若船游；或决若马骤；或背若相恶；或向若相佑；或乱若抽笋；或嵲若炷灸；或错若绘画；或缭若篆籀；或罗若星离；或蓊若云逗；或浮若波涛；或碎若锄耨；或如贲育伦，赌胜勇前购；先强势已出，后钝嗔浢譳；或如帝王尊，丛集朝贱幼，虽亲不亵狎，虽远不悖谬；或如临食案，肴核纷饤饾；又如游九原，坟墓包椁柩；或纍若盆甖；或揭若登豆；或覆若曝鳖；或颓若寝兽；或蛇若藏龙；或翼若搏鹫；或齐若友朋；或随若先后；或迸若流落；或顾若宿留；或戾若仇雠；或密若婚媾；或俨若峨冠；或翻若舞袖；或屹若战阵；或围若蒐狩；或靡然东注；或偃然北首；或如火熺焰；或若气饙馏；或行而不辍；或遗而不收；或斜而不倚；或弛而不彀；或赤若秃鬝；或熏若柴槱；或如龟坼兆；或若卦分繇；或前横若剥；或后断若姤；延延离又属，夬夬叛还遘；喁喁鱼闯萍；落落月经宿，訚訚树墙垣；巘巘架库厩；参参削剑戟；焕焕衔莹琇；敷敷花披萼；闟闟屋摧霤；悠悠舒而安；兀兀狂以狃；超超出犹奔；蠢蠢骇不懋。大哉立天地，经纪肖营腠。厥初孰天张，僶俛谁劝侑？创兹朴而巧，戮力忍劳疚。得非施斧斤？无乃假诅呪？鸿荒竟无传，功大莫酬僦。尝闻于祠官，芬苾降歆齅。斐然作歌诗，惟用赞报酭。兵火有余烬，贫村才数家。无人争晓渡，残月下寒沙。檀栾竹影，飙f2松声。不烦歌吹，自足娱情。

chang jiang qian li .yan dan shui yun kuo .ge chen yu shu .gu si kong you shu zhong fa .liu dai xing wang ru meng .ran ran jing shi yue .bing ge ling mie .hao hua xiao jin .ji jian yin chan zi yuan que . chao luo chao sheng bo miao .jiang shu sen ru fa .shui nian qian ke gui lai .lao da shang ming jie .zong shi sui han tu yuan .ci zhi ying nan duo .gao lou shui she .yi lan ning wang .du li yu weng man jiang xue .zhong xing luo lie ye ming shen .yan dian gu deng yue wei chen .yuan man guang hua bu mo ying .gua zai qing tian shi wo xin .luo xu you si san yue hou .feng chui yu xi yi cheng hua .wei zhi dong guo qing ming jiu .he si xi chuang gu yu cha .meng dong shi yue .bei feng pai huai .tian qi su qing .fan shuang fei fei .kun ji chen ming .hong yan nan fei .zhi niao qian cang .xiong pi ku qi .qian bo ting zhi .nong shou ji chang .ni lv zheng she .yi tong jia shang .xing shen zhi zai .ge yi yong zhi .gao qin shang gong .wu jun liu shi .qian lie mang zhong .jiu che zhuo li .fang jia shou yong .sheng shang ju sui .ji jiao ming zhong .shan fu chi qi .cha er lian kong .zhi pao huo .qing gu ..huang en pu bu .hong de shi ..tu yu yue .shi wang ba .jin che ming jia .hui pei you yi .xiang yang hu wu zuo zhi guan .xuan qi hu kun ming zhi chi .deng yu zhang .jian zeng hong .pu qie fa .yi gao hong .gua bai que .lian fei long .bo bu dai gua .wang bi jia shuang .yu shi ming zhou mu .wei shui xi .fu yi shou .yi yun zhi .chui di bao .jian yu qi .qi yi nv .zong dao ge .fa yin he .xiao ming jia .zou .huai nan ..du .yang a ..gan he feng .huai xiang e .jing hui yong .dan wen she .ran hou diao fang li .mian yan you .zhi zi bei .bo qi gui .lao shui bao han qian niu .ze yu shi lan .he you chun qiu .zhi liao xie .sou chuan du .bu jiu yu .she gua lu .cui kun er .tian shui zu .peng ou ba .shen ge bao .cheng yu tian yi .xiao huo ni biao .miu liao bo lang .gan chi di sou .shang wu yi fei .xia wu yi zou .jue tai shi luan .zhi yuan jin qu .qu le jin ri .huang xu wo hou .ji ding qie ning .yan zhi qing tuo .da jia xing hu ping le .zhang jia yi er xi cui bei .zan zhen bao zhi wan hao .fen gui li yi chi mi .lin jiong wang zhi guang chang .cheng jiao di zhi miao xi .wu huo kang ding .du lu xun zhuang .chong xia yan zhuo .xiong tu xian feng .tiao wan jian zhi hui huo .zou suo shang er xiang feng .hua yue e e .gang luan can cha .shen mu ling cao .zhu shi li li .zong hui xian chang .xi bao wu pi .bai hu gu se .cang long chui chi .nv e zuo er chang ge .sheng qing chang er wei she .hong ya li er zhi hui .bei mao yu zhi xian shi .du qu wei zhong .yun qi xue fei .chu ruo piao piao .hou sui fei fei .fu lu zhong ge .zhuan shi cheng lei .pi li ji er zeng xiang .bang gai xiang hu tian wei .ju shou bai xun .shi wei man yan .shen shan cui wei .xu cong bei jian .xiong hu sheng er na jue .yuan you chao er gao yuan .guai shou lu liang .da que cun cun .bai xiang xing yun .chui bi lin qun .hai lin bian er cheng long .zhuang wan wan yi wei wei .she li yang yang .hua wei xian che .li jia si lu .zhi gai jiu pa .chan chu yu gui .shui ren nong she .qi huan shu hu .yi mao fen xing .tun dao tu huo .yun wu xing ming .hua di cheng chuan .liu wei tong jing .dong hai huang gong .chi dao yue zhu .ji yan bai hu .zu bu neng jiu .xie xie zuo gu .yu shi bu shou .er nai jian xi che .shu xiu zhan .chang tong cheng cai .shang xia pian fan .tu dao tou er gen gua .pi yun jue er fu lian .bai ma tong pei .cheng zu bing chi .zhuang mo zhi ji .tai bu ke mi .wan gong she hu xi qiang .you gu fa hu xian bei .yu shi zhong bian jin .xin cheng zui .ban le ji .chang huai cui .yin jie qi men .wei xing yao qu .jiang zun jiu bei .huai xi cang fu .bian xuan lv yan .zhou guan jiao sui .ruo shen long zhi bian hua .zhang hou huang zhi wei gui .ran hou li ye ting .shi huan guan .juan shuai se .cong yan wan .cu zhong tang zhi xia zuo .yu shang xing er wu suan .mi wu geng zou .miao cai cheng ji .yao gu yan fu xia ji .mei sheng chang yu yu shi .shi xu jin er ying xing .si bu ren hu luo qi .jiao qing shang er que zhuan .zeng chan juan yi ci zhi .fen zong ti er xun fu .ruo jing he zhi qun ba .zhen zhu xi yu pan zun .fen chang xiu zhi sa li .yao shao xiu tai .li fu yang jing .mian miao liu mian .yi gu qing cheng .zhan ji sang men .shui neng bu ying .lie jue shi si .jing mei qu rong .sheng shuai wu chang .wei ai suo ding .wei hou xing yu bin fa .fei yan chong yu ti qing .er nai cheng zhi jiu yu .qiong shen ji yu .jian jie .tang shi ..ta ren shi tou .zi jun zuo gu .he li zhi ju .zeng zhao yi yu jie yu .xian ji gong er you hou .xu zhao shi yi wu shang .si zhi dong yu you yu .wang hong zheng zuo yu ce .han zai an er bu yu .gao zu chuang ye .ji ti cheng ji .zan lao yong yi .wu wei er zhi .dan le shi cong .he lv he si .duo li nian suo .er bai yu qi .tu yi di wo ye feng .bai wu yin fuwu wen jing cheng nan .zi wei qun shan you .dong xi liang ji hai .ju xi nan xi jiu .shan jing ji di zhi .mang mei fei shou shou .tuan ci shi ti qie .gua yi nian wan lou .yu xiu liang bu neng .cu xu suo jing gou .chang sheng chong qiu wang .ji ji jian xiang cou .qing ming chu leng jiao .lv mai sui fen xiu .zheng lan xiang hong dong .biao li hu tong tou .wu feng zi piao bo .rong ye xu rou mao .heng yun shi ping ning .dian dian lu shu xiu .tian kong fu xiu mei .nong lv hua xin jiu .gu cheng you chan jue .hai yu qian peng zhou .chun yang qian ju ru .zhuo zhuo tu shen xiu .yan luan sui lv zu .ruan ruo lei han zhou .xia yan bai mu sheng .yin yu zeng mai fu .shen ling ri xiao xu .yun qi zheng jie gou .qiu shuang xi ke li .zhe zhuo li qu shou .can cha xiang die zhong .gang geng ling yu zhou .dong xing sui you mo .bing xue gong zhuo lou .xin xi zhao wei e .yi zhang heng gao mao .ming hun wu ting tai .qing ke yi zhuang hou .xi nan xiong tai bai .tu qi mo jian zao .fan du pei de yun .fen zhai zhan ding wu .xiao yao yue kun wei .di jie xian gan dou .kong xu han jing jing .feng qi jiao sou shu .zhu wei fang shao ri .yin xian zong teng rou .kun ming da chi bei .qu di ou qing zhou .mian lian qiong fu shi .dao ce kun qing ou .wei lan dong shui mian .yong yue zao nao you .jing hu xi po sui .yang xi ya bu pu .qian xun jing du shu .ben bi bi yuan lou .qi qu shang xuan ang .shi de guan lan fu .xing xing jiang sui qiong .ling lu fan hu zou .bo ran si che lie .yong yan nan shu you .ju ling yu kua e .yuan jia qi bi shou .huan yi zao wu yi .gu hu xu jing you .li sui neng pai wo .lei dian qie he gou .pan yuan tuo shou zu .ceng deng di ji zhou .mang ru shi jiao shou .bi sai sheng kou gou .wei rong sang xiao shuang .jin xin mi yuan jiu .ju guan ji ri yong .yu jin bu ke you .yin yuan kui qi jiao .ning zhan bi yin shou .yu xia ke fu duo .shen wu an gan kou .lin ke you tuo ye .yu duo niao jing jiu .zheng xian wan huan fei .tou qi ji bu kou .xuan gui dao hui ni .da nie zhuang fu zou .yu jie xin qi guai .zhi zhi neng hua mao .qian nian zao qian zhe .tan li de xie hou .chu cong lan tian ru .gu mian lao jing dou .shi tian hui da xue .lei mu ku meng mao .jun tu tuo chang bing .zhi shang ruo xuan liu .qian yi bu tui ma .dian jue tui qie fu .cang huang wang xia xi .suo zhu chan zuo you .shan huang zha pu su .gao yao zan jie zhou .zhuan xin yi ping dao .tuo xian yu bi chou .zuo lai feng qing ji .su yuan xin shi fu .zheng rong ji zhong ding .shu shan za wu you .qian di hua kai kuo .lan man dui zhong zhou .huo lian ruo xiang cong .huo cu ruo xiang dou .huo tuo ruo mi fu .huo song ruo jing gou .huo san ruo wa jie .huo fu ruo fu cou .huo pian ruo chuan you .huo jue ruo ma zhou .huo bei ruo xiang e .huo xiang ruo xiang you .huo luan ruo chou sun .huo nie ruo zhu jiu .huo cuo ruo hui hua .huo liao ruo zhuan zhou .huo luo ruo xing li .huo weng ruo yun dou .huo fu ruo bo tao .huo sui ruo chu nou .huo ru ben yu lun .du sheng yong qian gou .xian qiang shi yi chu .hou dun chen dou nou .huo ru di wang zun .cong ji chao jian you .sui qin bu xie xia .sui yuan bu bei miu .huo ru lin shi an .yao he fen ding dou .you ru you jiu yuan .fen mu bao guo jiu .huo lei ruo pen ying .huo jie ruo deng dou .huo fu ruo pu bie .huo tui ruo qin shou .huo she ruo cang long .huo yi ruo bo jiu .huo qi ruo you peng .huo sui ruo xian hou .huo beng ruo liu luo .huo gu ruo su liu .huo li ruo chou chou .huo mi ruo hun gou .huo yan ruo e guan .huo fan ruo wu xiu .huo yi ruo zhan zhen .huo wei ruo sou shou .huo mi ran dong zhu .huo yan ran bei shou .huo ru huo xi yan .huo ruo qi fen liu .huo xing er bu chuo .huo yi er bu shou .huo xie er bu yi .huo chi er bu gou .huo chi ruo tu qian .huo xun ruo chai you .huo ru gui che zhao .huo ruo gua fen yao .huo qian heng ruo bao .huo hou duan ruo gou .yan yan li you shu .guai guai pan huan gou .yong yong yu chuang ping .luo luo yue jing su .yin yin shu qiang yuan .yan yan jia ku jiu .can can xiao jian ji .huan huan xian ying xiu .fu fu hua pi e .xi xi wu cui liu .you you shu er an .wu wu kuang yi niu .chao chao chu you ben .chun chun hai bu mao .da zai li tian di .jing ji xiao ying cou .jue chu shu tian zhang .min mian shui quan you .chuang zi pu er qiao .lu li ren lao jiu .de fei shi fu jin .wu nai jia zu zhou .hong huang jing wu chuan .gong da mo chou jiu .chang wen yu ci guan .fen bi jiang xin xiu .fei ran zuo ge shi .wei yong zan bao you .bing huo you yu jin .pin cun cai shu jia .wu ren zheng xiao du .can yue xia han sha .tan luan zhu ying .biao f2song sheng .bu fan ge chui .zi zu yu qing .

华美的窗前，一位佳人立于春风中，默(mo)默无语，闲(xian)愁万种。也应像往日一样，眼如秋水般清亮，眉似春山般秀美。
⑤漕使：负责水运粮食的官员。情义绵绵，思绪翩翩。剪不断，理还乱。云儿啊，再回去只怕了无踪迹（认不得归路）。这样的事、情思应该只有在前世里显现，总是喜欢将两地鸳鸯放一起。
（6）几回闻：本意是听到几回。文中的意思是说人间很少听到。时光(guang)不可倒流，那日神驾御的六龙天车不停循环。
[27]袭：效法。九渊：九重渊，深渊。沕（wù）：深潜的样子。惶惶忽忽跟他们去，乘鸿雁到紫色天廷。
不弟：不守为弟之道。与“父不父，子不子用(yong)法相同。”《春秋》记载道：“《郑伯克段于鄢》左丘明 古诗。”意思是说共叔段不遵守做弟弟的本分。昨天屋内外还挤满了人，今天在门外就如此冷落了。
⑶五更鼓角：天未明时，当地的驻军已开始活动起来。独往独来碰不到那庸俗之辈， 仰望楚天的碧空而高歌自娱。
钟子期、伯牙：春秋时楚人。伯牙善鼓琴，钟子期知音。钟子期死后，伯牙破琴绝弦，终身不复鼓琴。事见(jian)《吕氏春秋·本味篇(pian)》。可惜你犹如那龙泉宝剑，无人识遗弃在江西丰城。
（5）簟（diàn）：竹席。怎么渡，怎么渡？（最终）惊起水边满滩鸥鹭。
⑥谁复端(duan)端正正看：谁还有心思去仔细欣赏。

　　《《周颂·小毖》佚名 古诗》篇名中点出了“毖”，诗中却除前两句“惩”“毖”并叙外，其余六句则纯然强调“惩”。
　　四、五两段为陈圆圆故事安装了一个豪华圆满的结局，但是这两段不仅与前文的基调完全相反，而且也与后一段的调子完全不同，就象游离在全曲之外的孤章残段。两段的写法也很特殊，都是最后一联才使意义确定下来，如果改动这两联，意义便完全不同了。由此推知作者想借此增添风月浓度，以冲淡全诗的政治色彩。作者对吴三桂全无好感，对满清政权顾忌重重。
　　最后两句是思妇的内心独白：眼下已是木叶纷飞的深秋，等到裁就寒衣，寄到远在千里之外的陇首塞北，那里已是春回大地，应当穿上春装了，哪里能及时见到我寄去的御寒的冬衣呢？这一设想，不仅显示了南北两地的遥隔，而且透露出思妇对远人的体贴与关切，将捣衣的行动所包含的深情蜜意进一步表现出来了。
　　第三句是对周围环境的点染：竹林深深，树荫密密，虫鸣唧唧。“竹深树密”，见其清幽；“虫鸣”，则见其静谧——唯其静谧，“虫鸣”之声才能清晰入耳。诗人置身其间，凉意顿生，于是又引出结句“时有微凉不是风”，这一真切、细微的体验。“不是风”，点明所谓凉意，不过是夜深气清，静中生凉而已，并非夜风送爽。范成大《六月七日夜起坐殿取凉》诗亦云：“风从何处来?殿阁微凉生。桂旗俨不动，藻井森上征。”虽设问风从何来，但既然桂旗不动，可见非真有风，殿阁之“微凉”不过因静而生。人们通常说“心静自凉”，其理相若。因此，范诗实可与这首诗参读。
　　首先是吝啬聚财“惜费”者，生年不足百岁，却愚蠢到怀千岁忧，以“百年”、“千年”的荒谬对接，揭示那些活得吝啬的“惜费”者的可笑情态。