刳木出吴楚，危槎百余尺。疾风吹片帆，日暮千里隔。别时酒犹在，已为异乡客。思君不可得，愁见江水碧。临岐泣世道，天命良悠悠。昔日殷王子，玉马遂朝周。亡是公听然而笑曰：“楚则失矣，而齐亦未为得也。夫使诸侯纳贡者，非为财币，所以述职也。封疆画界者，非为守御，所以禁淫也。今齐列为东藩，而外私肃慎，捐国逾限，越海而田，其于义固未可也。且二君之论，不务明君臣之义，正诸侯之礼，徒事争于游戏之乐，苑囿之大，欲以奢侈相胜，荒淫相越，此不可以扬名发誉，而适足以贬君自损也。“且夫齐楚之事，又乌足道乎！君未睹夫巨丽也，独不闻天子之上林乎？左苍梧，右西极。丹水更其南，紫渊径其北。终始灞浐，出入泾渭；酆镐潦潏，纡馀委蛇，经营乎其内。荡荡乎八川分流，相背而异态。东西南北，驰骛往来，出乎椒丘之阙，行乎洲淤之浦，经乎桂林之中，过乎泱漭之野。汩乎混流，顺阿而下，赴隘狭之口，触穹石，激堆埼，沸乎暴怒，汹涌澎湃。滭弗宓汩，逼侧泌瀄。横流逆折，转腾潎冽，滂濞沆溉。穹隆云桡，宛潬胶戾。逾波趋浥，涖涖下濑。批岩冲拥，奔扬滞沛。临坻注壑，瀺灂霣坠，沈沈隐隐，砰磅訇礚，潏潏淈淈，湁潗鼎沸。驰波跳沫，汩濦漂疾。悠远长怀，寂漻无声，肆乎永归。然后灏溔潢漾，安翔徐回，翯乎滈滈，东注太湖，衍溢陂池。于是乎鲛龙赤螭，??渐离，鰅鰫鳍鮀，禺禺魼鳎，揵鳍掉尾，振鳞奋翼，潜处乎深岩，鱼鳖讙声，万物众伙。明月珠子，的砾江靡。蜀石黄碝，水玉磊砢，磷磷烂烂，采色澔汗，藂积乎其中。鸿鹔鹄鸨，鴐 鹅属玉，交精旋目，烦鹜庸渠，箴疵?卢，群浮乎其上，泛淫泛滥，随风澹淡，与波摇荡，奄薄水渚，唼喋菁藻，咀嚼菱藕。“于是乎崇山矗矗，巃嵷崔巍，深林巨木，崭岩参嵳，九嵕嶻嶭。南山峨峨，岩陁甗崎，摧崣崛崎。振溪通谷，蹇产沟渎，谽呀豁閕。阜陵别岛，崴磈葨廆，丘虚堀礨，隐辚郁垒，登降施靡，陂池貏豸，沇溶淫鬻，散涣夷陆，亭皋千里，靡不被筑。揜以绿蕙，被以江蓠，糅以蘪芜，杂以留夷。布结缕，攒戾莎，揭车衡兰，槀本射干，茈姜蘘荷，葴持若荪，鲜支黄砾，蒋苎青薠，布濩闳泽，延曼太原。离靡广衍，应风披靡，吐芳扬烈，郁郁菲菲，众香发越，肸蚃布写，晻薆咇茀。“于是乎周览泛观，缜纷轧芴，芒芒恍忽。视之无端，察之无涯，日出东沼，入乎西陂。其南则隆冬生长，涌水跃波。其兽则?旄貘嫠，沈牛麈麋，赤首圜题，穷奇象犀。其北则盛夏含冻裂地，涉冰揭河。其兽则麒麟角端，騊駼橐驼，蛩蛩驒騱，駃騠驴骡六庵注。“于是乎离宫别馆，弥山跨谷，高廊四注，重坐曲阁，华榱璧珰，辇道纚属，步櫩周流，长途中宿。夷嵕筑堂，累台增成，岩窔洞房，頫杳眇而无见，仰攀橑而扪天，奔星更于闺闼，宛虹扦于楯轩，青龙蚴蟉于东箱，象舆婉僤于西清，灵圄燕于闲馆，偓佺之伦，暴于南荣。醴泉涌于清室，通川过于中庭。盘石振崖，嵚岩倚倾。嵯峨磼礏，刻削峥嵘。玫瑰碧琳，珊瑚丛生，琘玉旁唐，玢豳文鳞，赤瑕驳荦，杂臿其间，晁采琬琰，和氏出焉。“于是乎卢橘夏熟，黄甘橙楱，枇杷橪柿，亭奈厚朴，梬枣杨梅，樱桃蒲陶，隐夫薁棣，答沓离支，罗乎后宫，列乎北园。崒丘陵，下平原，扬翠叶，扤紫茎，发红华，垂朱荣，煌煌扈扈，照曜鉅野。沙棠栎槠，华枫枰栌，留落胥邪，仁频并闾，欃檀木兰，豫章女贞，长千仞，大连抱，夸条直畅，实叶葰楙，攒立丛倚，连卷欐佹，崔错癹骫，坑衡閜砢，垂条扶疏，落英幡纚，纷溶箾蔘，猗狔从风，藰莅卉歙，盖象金石之声，管籥之音。偨池茈虒，旋还乎后宫，杂袭絫辑，被山缘谷，循坂下隰，视之无端，究之无穷。“于是乎玄猨素雌，蜼玃飞鸓，蛭蜩蠼猱，獑胡豰蛫，栖息乎其间。长啸哀鸣，翩幡互经。夭蟜枝格，偃蹇杪颠。隃绝梁，腾殊榛，捷垂条，掉希间，牢落陆离，烂漫远迁。若此者数百千处。娱游往来，宫宿馆舍，庖厨不徙，后宫不移，百官备具。“于是乎背秋涉冬，天子校猎。乘镂象，六玉虬，拖蜺旌，靡云旗，前皮轩，后道游。孙叔奉辔，卫公参乘，扈从横行，出乎四校之中。鼓严簿，纵猎者，河江为阹，泰山为橹，车骑雷起，殷天动地，先后陆离，离散别追。淫淫裔裔，缘陵流泽，云布雨施。生貔豹，搏豺狼，手熊罴，足壄羊，蒙鹖苏，绔白虎，被班文，跨壄马，凌三嵕之危，下碛历之坻。径峻赴险，越壑厉水。椎蜚廉，弄獬豸，格虾蛤，鋋勐氏，羂騕褭，射封豕。箭不苟害，解脰陷脑，弓不虚发，应声而倒。于是乘舆弭节徘徊，翱翔往来，睨部曲之进退，览将帅之变态。然后侵淫促节，儵夐远去，流离轻禽，蹴履狡兽。轊白鹿，捷狡兔，轶赤电，遗光耀。追怪物，出宇宙，弯蕃弱，满白羽，射游枭，栎蜚遽。择肉而后发，先中而命处，弦矢分，艺殪仆。然后扬节而上浮，凌惊风，历骇猋，乘虚无，与神俱。躏玄鹤，乱昆鸡，遒孔鸾，促鵔鸃，拂翳鸟，捎凤凰，捷鹓鶵，揜焦明。道尽途殚，回车而还。消遥乎襄羊，降集乎北纮，率乎直指，晻乎反乡。蹷石阙，历封峦，过鳷鹊，望露寒，下棠梨，息宜春，西驰宣曲，濯鹢牛首，登龙台，掩细柳。观士大夫之勤略，均猎者之所得获，徒车之所轥轹，步骑之所蹂若，人臣之所蹈籍，与其穷极倦谻，惊惮詟伏，不被创刃而死者，他他籍籍，填坑满谷，掩平弥泽。“于是乎游戏懈怠，置酒乎颢天之台，张乐乎轇輵之宇。撞千石之钟，立万石之虡，建翠华之旗，树灵鼍之鼓，奏陶唐氏之舞，听葛天氏之歌，千人唱，万人和，山陵为之震动，川谷为之荡波。巴渝宋蔡，淮南干遮，文成颠歌，族居递奏，金鼓迭起，铿鎗闛鞈，洞心骇耳。荆吴郑卫之声，韶濩武象之乐，阴淫案衍之音，鄢郢缤纷，激楚结风。俳优侏儒，狄鞮之倡，所以娱耳目乐心意者，丽靡烂漫于前，靡曼美色于后。若夫青琴、宓妃之徒，绝殊离俗，妖冶娴都，靓妆刻饰，便嬛绰约，柔桡嫚嫚，妩媚孅弱。曳独茧之褕绁，眇阎易以恤削，便姗嫳屑，与俗殊服，芬芳沤郁，酷烈淑郁；皓齿粲烂，宜笑的皪；长眉连娟，微睇绵藐，色授魂与，心愉于侧。“于是酒中乐酣，天子芒然而思，似若有亡，曰：‘嗟乎！此大奢侈。朕以览听馀闲，无事弃日，顺天道以杀伐，时休息于此。恐后叶靡丽，遂往而不返，非所以为继嗣创业垂统也。’于是乎乃解酒罢猎，而命有司曰：‘地可垦辟，悉为农郊，以赡萌隶，隤墙填堑，使山泽之人得至焉。实陂池而勿禁，虚宫馆而勿仞，发仓廪以救贫穷，补不足，恤鳏寡，存孤独，出德号，省刑罚，改制度，易服色，革正朔，与天下为更始。’“于是历吉日以斋戒，袭朝服，乘法驾，建华旗，鸣玉鸾，游于六艺之囿，驰骛乎仁义之涂，览观《春秋》之林，射《狸首》，兼《驺虞》，弋玄鹤，舞干戚，载云?，揜群雅，悲《伐檀》，乐乐胥，修容乎礼园，翱翔乎书圃，述《易》道，放怪兽，登明堂，坐清庙，次群臣，奏得失，四海之内，靡不受获。于斯之时，天下大说，乡风而听，随流而化，芔然兴道而迁义，刑错而不用，德隆于三王，而功羡于五帝。若此故猎，乃可喜也。若夫终日驰骋，劳神苦形，罢车马之用，抏士卒之精，费府库之财，而无德厚之恩，务在独乐，不顾众庶，亡国家之政，贪雉兔之获，则仁者不繇也。从此观之，齐楚之事，岂不哀哉！地方不过千里，而囿居九百，是草木不得垦辟，而人无所食也。夫以诸侯之细，而乐万乘之侈，仆恐百姓被其尤也。”于是二子愀然改容，超若自失，逡巡避席，曰：“鄙人固陋，不知忌讳，乃今日见教，谨受命矣。”朕幼清以廉洁兮，身服义而未沫。主此盛德兮，牵于俗而芜秽。上无所考此盛德兮，长离殃而愁苦。帝告巫阳曰：“有人在下，我欲辅之。魂魄离散，汝筮予之。”巫阳对曰：“掌梦！上帝其难从；若必筮予之，恐后之谢，不能复用。”巫阳焉乃下招曰：魂兮归来！去君之恒干，何为四方些？舍君之乐处，而离彼不祥些！魂兮归来！东方不可以讬些。长人千仞，惟魂是索些。十日代出，流金铄石些。彼皆习之，魂往必释些。归来兮！不可以讬些。魂兮归来！南方不可以止些。雕题黑齿，得人肉以祀，以其骨为醢些。蝮蛇蓁蓁，封狐千里些。雄虺九首，往来倏忽，吞人以益其心些。归来兮！不可久淫些。魂兮归来！西方之害，流沙千里些。旋入雷渊，爢散而不可止些。幸而得脱，其外旷宇些。赤蚁若象，玄蜂若壶些。五谷不生，丛菅是食些。其土烂人，求水无所得些。彷徉无所倚，广大无所极些。归来兮！恐自遗贼些。魂兮归来！北方不可以止些。增冰峨峨，飞雪千里些。归来兮！不可以久些。魂兮归来！君无上天些。虎豹九关，啄害下人些。一夫九首，拔木九千些。豺狼从目，往来侁侁些。悬人以嬉，投之深渊些。致命于帝，然后得瞑些。归来！往恐危身些。魂兮归来！君无下此幽都些。土伯九约，其角觺觺些。敦脄血拇，逐人伂駓駓些。参目虎首，其身若牛些。此皆甘人，归来！恐自遗灾些。魂兮归来！入修门些。工祝招君，背行先些。秦篝齐缕，郑绵络些。招具该备，永啸唿些。魂兮归来！反故居些。天地四方，多贼奸些。像设君室，静闲安些。高堂邃宇，槛层轩些。层台累榭，临高山些。网户朱缀，刻方连些。冬有穾厦，夏室寒些。川谷径复，流潺湲些。光风转蕙，氾崇兰些。经堂入奥，朱尘筵些。砥室翠翘，挂曲琼些。翡翠珠被，烂齐光些。蒻阿拂壁，罗帱张些。纂组绮缟，结琦璜些。室中之观，多珍怪些。兰膏明烛，华容备些。二八侍宿，射递代些。九侯淑女，多迅众些。盛鬋不同制，实满宫些。容态好比，顺弥代些。弱颜固植，謇其有意些。姱容修态，絚洞房些。蛾眉曼睩，目腾光些。靡颜腻理，遗视矊些。离榭修幕，侍君之闲些。悲帷翠帐，饰高堂些。红壁沙版，玄玉梁些。仰观刻桷，画龙蛇些。坐堂伏槛，临曲池些。芙蓉始发，杂芰荷些。紫茎屏风，文缘波些。文异豹饰，侍陂陁些。轩辌既低，步骑罗些。兰薄户树，琼木篱些。魂兮归来！何远为些？室家遂宗，食多方些。稻粢穱麦，挐黄梁些。大苦醎酸，辛甘行些。肥牛之腱，臑若芳些。和酸若苦，陈吴羹些。胹鳖炮羔，有柘浆些。鹄酸臇凫，煎鸿鸧些。露鸡臛蠵，厉而不爽些。粔籹蜜饵，有餦餭些。瑶浆蜜勺，实羽觞些。挫糟冻饮，酎清凉些。华酌既陈，有琼浆些。归来反故室，敬而无妨些。肴羞未通，女乐罗些。敶钟按鼓，造新歌些。《涉江》《采菱》，发《扬荷》些。美人既醉，朱颜酡些。嬉光眇视，目曾波些。被文服纤，丽而不奇些。长发曼鬋，艳陆离些。二八齐容，起郑舞些。衽若交竿，抚案下些。竽瑟狂会，搷鸣鼓些。宫庭震惊，发<激楚>些。吴歈蔡讴，奏大吕些。士女杂坐，乱而不分些。放敶组缨，班其相纷些。郑卫妖玩，来杂陈些。《激楚》之结，独秀先些。菎蔽象棋，有六簙些。分曹并进，遒相迫些。成枭而牟，唿五白些。晋制犀比，费白日些。铿钟摇簴，揳梓瑟些。娱酒不废，沈日夜些。兰膏明烛，华灯错些。结撰至思，兰芳假些。人有所极，同心赋些。酎饮尽欢，乐先故些。魂兮归来！反故居些。乱曰：献岁发春兮，汨吾南征。菉苹齐叶兮，白芷生。路贯庐江兮，左长薄。倚沼畦瀛兮，遥望博。青骊结驷兮，齐千乘。悬火延起兮，玄颜烝。步及骤处兮，诱骋先。抑骛若通兮，引车右还。与王趋梦兮，课后先。君王亲发兮，惮青兕。朱明承夜兮，时不可以淹。皋兰被径兮，斯路渐。湛湛江水兮，上有枫。目极千里兮，伤春心。魂兮归来，哀江南！陈胜者，阳城人也，字涉。吴广者，阳夏人也，字叔。陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”佣者笑而应曰：“若为佣耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎！燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！”二世元年七月，发闾左谪戍渔阳，九百人屯大泽乡。陈胜﹑吴广皆次当行，为屯长。会天大雨，道不通，度已失期。失期，法皆斩。陈胜﹑吴广乃谋曰：“今亡亦死，举大计亦死；等死，死国可乎？”陈胜曰：“天下苦秦久矣。吾闻二世少子也，不当立，当立者乃公子扶苏。扶苏以数谏故，上使外将兵。今或闻无罪，二世杀之。百姓多闻其贤，未知其死也。项燕为楚将，数有功，爱士卒，楚人怜之。或以为死，或以为亡。今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏﹑项燕，为天下唱，宜多应者。”吴广以为然。乃行卜。卜者知其指意，曰：“足下事皆成，有功。然足下卜之鬼乎！”陈胜﹑吴广喜，念鬼，曰：“此教我先威众耳。”乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”，置人所罾鱼腹中。卒买鱼烹食，得鱼腹中书，固以怪之矣。又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中，夜篝火，狐鸣唿曰：“大楚兴，陈胜王。”卒皆夜惊恐。旦日，卒中往往语，皆指目陈胜。吴广素爱人，士卒多为用者。将尉醉，广故数言欲亡，忿恚尉，令辱之，以激怒其众。尉果笞广。尉剑挺，广起，夺而杀尉。陈胜佐之，并杀两尉。召令徒属曰：“公等遇雨，皆已失期，失期当斩。藉第令毋斩，而戍死者固十六七。且壮士不死即已，死即举大名耳，王侯将相宁nìng有种乎！”徒属皆曰：“敬受命。”乃诈称公子扶苏﹑项燕，从民欲也。袒右，称大楚。为坛而盟，祭以尉首。陈胜自立为将军，吴广为都尉。攻大泽乡，收而攻蕲qí。蕲下，乃令符离人葛婴将兵徇蕲以东。攻铚、酂、苦、柘、谯皆下之。行收兵。比至陈，车六七百乘，骑千余，卒数万人。攻陈，陈守令皆不在，独守丞与战谯门中。弗胜，守丞死，乃入据陈。数日，号令召三老﹑豪杰与皆来会计事。三老﹑豪杰皆曰：“将军身被坚执锐，伐无道，诛暴秦，复立楚国之社稷jì，功宜为王。”陈涉乃立为王，号为张楚。当此时，诸郡县苦秦吏者，皆刑其长吏，杀之以应陈涉。乃以吴叔为假王，监诸将以西击荥阳。令陈人武臣、张耳、陈馀徇赵地，令汝阴人邓宗徇九江郡。当此时，楚兵数千人为聚者，不可胜数。葛婴至东城，立襄强为楚王。婴后闻陈王已立，因杀襄强，还报。至陈，陈王诛杀葛婴。陈王令魏人周市北徇魏地。吴广围荥阳。李由为三川守，守荥阳，吴叔弗能下。陈王征国之豪杰与计，以上蔡人房君蔡赐为上柱国。周文，陈之贤人也，尝为项燕军视日，事春申君，自言习兵，陈王与之将军印，西击秦。行收兵至关，车千乘，卒数十万，至戏，军焉。秦令少府章邯免郦山徒﹑人奴产子生，悉发以击楚大军，尽败之。周文败，走出关，止次曹阳二三月。章邯追败之，复走次渑池十余日。章邯击，大破之。周文自刭，军遂不战。武臣到邯郸，自立为赵王，陈馀为大将军，张耳、召骚为左右丞相。陈王怒，捕系武臣等家室，欲诛之。柱国曰：“秦未亡而诛赵王将相家属，此生一秦也。不如因而立之。”陈王乃遣使者贺赵，而徙系武臣等家属宫中，而封耳子张敖为成都君，趣赵兵，亟入关。赵王将相相与谋曰：“王王赵，非楚意也。楚已诛秦，必加兵于赵。计莫如毋西兵，使使北徇燕地以自广也。赵南据大河，北有燕、代，楚虽胜秦，不敢制赵。若楚不胜秦，必重赵。赵乘秦之弊，可以得志于天下。”赵王以为然，因不西兵，而遣故上谷卒史韩广将兵北徇燕地。燕故贵人豪杰谓韩广曰：“楚已立王，赵又已立王。燕虽小，亦万乘之国也，原将军立为燕王。”韩广曰：“广母在赵，不可。”燕人曰：“赵方西忧秦，南忧楚，其力不能禁我。且以楚之彊，不敢害赵王将相之家，赵独安敢害将军之家！”韩广以为然，乃自立为燕王。居数月，赵奉燕王母及家属归之燕。当此之时，诸将之徇地者，不可胜数。周市北徇地至狄，狄人田儋杀狄令，自立为齐王，以齐反击周市。市军散，还至魏地，欲立魏后故宁陵君咎为魏王。时咎在陈王所，不得之魏。魏地已定，欲相与立周市为魏王，周市不肯。使者五反，陈王乃立宁陵君咎为魏王，遣之国。周市卒为相。将军田臧等相与谋曰：“周章军已破矣，秦兵旦暮至，我围荥阳城弗能下，秦军至，必大败。不如少遗兵，足以守荥阳，悉精兵迎秦军。今假王骄，不知兵权，不可与计，非诛之，事恐败。”因相与矫王令以诛吴叔，献其首于陈王。陈王使使赐田臧楚令尹印，使为上将。田臧乃使诸将李归等守荥阳城，自以精兵西迎秦军于敖仓。与战，田臧死，军破。章邯进兵击李归等荥阳下，破之，李归等死。阳城人邓说将兵居郯，章邯别将击破之，邓说军散走陈。铚人伍徐将兵居许，章邯击破之，伍徐军皆散走陈。陈王诛邓说。陈王初立时，陵人秦嘉﹑铚人董譄﹑符离人朱鸡石﹑取虑人郑布﹑徐人丁疾等皆特起，将兵围东海守庆于郯。陈王闻，乃使武平君畔为将军，监郯下军。秦嘉不受命，嘉自立为大司马，恶属武平君。告军吏曰：“武平君年少，不知兵事，勿听！”因矫以王命杀武平君畔。章邯已破伍徐，击陈，柱国房君死。章邯又进兵击陈西张贺军。陈王出监战，军破，张贺死。腊月，陈王之汝阴，还至下城父，其御庄贾杀以降秦。陈胜葬砀，谥曰隐王。陈王故涓人将军吕臣为仓头军，起新阳，攻陈下之，杀庄贾，复以陈为楚。初，陈王至陈，令铚人宋留将兵定南阳，入武关。留已徇南阳，闻陈王死，南阳复为秦。宋留不能入武关，乃东至新蔡，遇秦军，宋留以军降秦。秦传留至咸阳，车裂留以徇。秦嘉等闻陈王军破出走，乃立景驹为楚王，引兵之方与，欲击秦军定陶下。使公孙庆使齐王，欲与并力俱进。齐王曰：“闻陈王战败，不知其死生，楚安得不请而立王！”公孙庆曰：“齐不请楚而立王，楚何故请齐而立王！且楚首事，当令于天下。”田儋诛杀公孙庆。秦左右校复攻陈，下之。吕将军走，收兵复聚。鄱盗当阳君黥布之兵相收，复击秦左右校，破之青波，复以陈为楚。会项梁立怀王孙心为楚王。陈胜王凡六月。已为王，王陈。其故人尝与佣耕者闻之，之陈，扣宫门曰：“吾欲见涉。”宫门令欲缚之。自辩数，乃置，不肯为通。陈王出，遮道而唿涉。陈王闻之，乃召见，载与俱归。入宫，见殿屋帷帐，客曰：“伙颐！涉之为王沉沉者！”楚人谓多为伙，故天下传之，伙涉为王，由陈涉始。客出入愈益发舒，言陈王故情。或说陈王曰：“客愚无知，颛妄言，轻威。”陈王斩之。诸陈王故人皆自引去，由是无亲陈王者。陈王以朱房为中正，胡武为司过，主司群臣。诸将徇地，至，令之不是者，系而罪之，以苛察为忠。其所不善者，弗下吏，辄自治之。陈王信用之。诸将以其故不亲附，此其所以败也。陈胜虽已死，其所置遣侯王将相竟亡秦，由涉首事也。高祖时为陈涉置守頉三十家砀，至今血食。褚先生曰：地形险阻，所以为固也；兵革刑法，所以为治也。犹未足恃也。夫先王以仁义为本，而以固塞文法为枝叶，岂不然哉！吾闻贾生之称曰：“秦孝公据肴函之固，拥雍州之地，君臣固守，以窥周室，有席卷天下、包举宇内、囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。当是时也，商君佐之，内立法度，务耕织，修守战之具；外连衡而斗诸侯。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外。“孝公既没，惠文、武、昭襄蒙故业因遗策，南取汉中，西举巴蜀，东割膏腴之地，收要害之郡。诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦，不爱珍器、重宝、肥饶之地，以致天下之士，合从缔交，相与为一。当此之时，齐有孟尝，赵有平原，楚有春申，魏有信陵。此四君者，皆明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤而重士，约从离横，兼韩、魏、燕、赵、宋、卫、中山之众。于是六国之士，有宁越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋，齐明、周最、陈轸、召滑、楼缓、翟景、苏厉、乐毅之徒通其意，吴起、孙膑、带佗、倪良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。尝以十倍之地，百万之众，叩关而攻秦。秦人开关而延敌，九国之师逡巡遁逃而不敢进。秦无亡矢遗镞之费，而天下诸侯已困矣。于是从散约解，争割地以赂秦。秦有余力而制其弊，追亡逐北，伏尸百万，流血飘橹。因利乘便，宰割天下，分裂河山。强国请服，弱国入朝。“施及孝文王、庄襄王，享国之日浅，国家无事。“及至始皇，奋六世之余烈，振长策而御宇内，吞二周而亡诸侯，履至尊而制六合，执敲朴以鞭笞天下，威振四海。南取百越之地，以为桂林、象郡。百越之君，俯首系颈，委命下吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里。胡人不敢南下而牧马，士不敢弯弓而报怨。于是废先王之道，燔百家之言，以愚黔首；隳名城，杀豪俊，收天下之兵聚之咸阳，销锋鍉，铸以为金人十二，以弱天下之民。然后践华为城，因河为池，据亿丈之城、临不测之溪以为固。良将劲驽，守要害之处；信臣精卒，陈利兵而谁何。天下已定，始皇之心，自以为关中之固，金城千里，子孙帝王万世之业也。“始皇既没，余威震于殊俗。 然陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子，氓隶之人，而迁徙之徒也；材能不及中人，非有仲尼、墨翟之贤，陶朱、猗顿之富。蹑足行伍之间，倔起阡陌之中，率罢散之卒，将数百之众，转而攻秦，斩木为兵，揭竿为旗，天下云集而响应，赢粮而景从。山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣。“且夫天下非小弱也，雍州之地，肴函之固，自若也；陈涉之位，非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、宋、卫、中山之君也；锄耰棘矜，不铦于钩戟长铩也；适戍之众，非抗于九国之师也；深谋远虑，行军用兵之道，非及向时之士也。然而成败异变，功业相反。试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大，比权量力，则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地，致万乘之势，序八州而朝同列，百有余年矣。然后以六合为家，肴函为宫。一夫作难而七庙隳，身死人手，为天下笑者，何也？仁义不施而攻守之势异也。”【索隐述赞】天下匈匈，海内乏主，掎鹿争捷，瞻乌爰处。陈胜首事，厥号张楚。鬼怪是凭，鸿鹄自许。葛婴东下，周文西拒。始亲朱房，又任胡武。伙颐见杀，腹心不与。庄贾何人，反噬城父！立我臣民，莫匪尔极，不识不知，顺帝之则。

ku mu chu wu chu .wei cha bai yu chi .ji feng chui pian fan .ri mu qian li ge .bie shi jiu you zai .yi wei yi xiang ke .si jun bu ke de .chou jian jiang shui bi .lin qi qi shi dao .tian ming liang you you .xi ri yin wang zi .yu ma sui chao zhou .wang shi gong ting ran er xiao yue ..chu ze shi yi .er qi yi wei wei de ye .fu shi zhu hou na gong zhe .fei wei cai bi .suo yi shu zhi ye .feng jiang hua jie zhe .fei wei shou yu .suo yi jin yin ye .jin qi lie wei dong fan .er wai si su shen .juan guo yu xian .yue hai er tian .qi yu yi gu wei ke ye .qie er jun zhi lun .bu wu ming jun chen zhi yi .zheng zhu hou zhi li .tu shi zheng yu you xi zhi le .yuan you zhi da .yu yi she chi xiang sheng .huang yin xiang yue .ci bu ke yi yang ming fa yu .er shi zu yi bian jun zi sun ye ..qie fu qi chu zhi shi .you wu zu dao hu .jun wei du fu ju li ye .du bu wen tian zi zhi shang lin hu .zuo cang wu .you xi ji .dan shui geng qi nan .zi yuan jing qi bei .zhong shi ba chan .chu ru jing wei .feng gao liao jue 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fu ..yu shi hu zhou lan fan guan .zhen fen zha wu .mang mang huang hu .shi zhi wu duan .cha zhi wu ya .ri chu dong zhao .ru hu xi bei .qi nan ze long dong sheng chang .yong shui yue bo .qi shou ze .mao mo li .shen niu zhu mi .chi shou yuan ti .qiong qi xiang xi .qi bei ze sheng xia han dong lie di .she bing jie he .qi shou ze qi lin jiao duan .tao tu tuo tuo .qiong qiong tuo xi .jue ti lv luo liu an zhu ..yu shi hu li gong bie guan .mi shan kua gu .gao lang si zhu .zhong zuo qu ge .hua cui bi dang .nian dao xi shu .bu yan zhou liu .chang tu zhong su .yi zong zhu tang .lei tai zeng cheng .yan yao dong fang .tiao yao miao er wu jian .yang pan lao er men tian .ben xing geng yu gui ta .wan hong qian yu shui xuan .qing long you liu yu dong xiang .xiang yu wan dan yu xi qing .ling yu yan yu xian guan .wo quan zhi lun .bao yu nan rong .li quan yong yu qing shi .tong chuan guo yu zhong ting .pan shi zhen ya .qin yan yi qing .cuo e za ye .ke xiao zheng rong .mei gui bi lin .shan hu cong sheng 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.pian fan hu jing .yao jiao zhi ge .yan jian miao dian .yu jue liang .teng shu zhen .jie chui tiao .diao xi jian .lao luo lu li .lan man yuan qian .ruo ci zhe shu bai qian chu .yu you wang lai .gong su guan she .pao chu bu xi .hou gong bu yi .bai guan bei ju ..yu shi hu bei qiu she dong .tian zi xiao lie .cheng lou xiang .liu yu qiu .tuo ni jing .mi yun qi .qian pi xuan .hou dao you .sun shu feng pei .wei gong can cheng .hu cong heng xing .chu hu si xiao zhi zhong .gu yan bu .zong lie zhe .he jiang wei qu .tai shan wei lu .che qi lei qi .yin tian dong di .xian hou lu li .li san bie zhui .yin yin yi yi .yuan ling liu ze .yun bu yu shi .sheng pi bao .bo chai lang .shou xiong pi .zu ye yang .meng he su .ku bai hu .bei ban wen .kua ye ma .ling san zong zhi wei .xia qi li zhi di .jing jun fu xian .yue he li shui .zhui fei lian .nong xie zhi .ge xia ge .chan meng shi .juan yao niao .she feng shi .jian bu gou hai .jie dou xian nao .gong bu xu fa .ying sheng er dao .yu shi cheng yu mi jie pai huai .ao xiang wang lai .ni bu qu zhi jin tui .lan jiang shuai zhi bian tai .ran hou qin yin cu jie .shu xiong yuan qu .liu li qing qin .cu lv jiao shou .wei bai lu .jie jiao tu .yi chi dian .yi guang yao .zhui guai wu .chu yu zhou .wan fan ruo .man bai yu .she you xiao .li fei ju .ze rou er hou fa .xian zhong er ming chu .xian shi fen .yi yi pu .ran hou yang jie er shang fu .ling jing feng .li hai biao .cheng xu wu .yu shen ju .lin xuan he .luan kun ji .qiu kong luan .cu jun yi .fu yi niao .shao feng huang .jie yuan chu .yan jiao ming .dao jin tu dan .hui che er huan .xiao yao hu xiang yang .jiang ji hu bei hong .lv hu zhi zhi .an hu fan xiang .jue shi que .li feng luan .guo zhi que .wang lu han .xia tang li .xi yi chun .xi chi xuan qu .zhuo yi niu shou .deng long tai .yan xi liu .guan shi da fu zhi qin lue .jun lie zhe zhi suo de huo .tu che zhi suo lin li .bu qi zhi suo rou ruo .ren chen zhi suo dao ji .yu qi qiong ji juan ji .jing dan zhe fu .bu bei chuang ren er si zhe .ta ta ji 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miao .se shou hun yu .xin yu yu ce ..yu shi jiu zhong le han .tian zi mang ran er si .si ruo you wang .yue ..jie hu .ci da she chi .zhen yi lan ting yu xian .wu shi qi ri .shun tian dao yi sha fa .shi xiu xi yu ci .kong hou ye mi li .sui wang er bu fan .fei suo yi wei ji si chuang ye chui tong ye ..yu shi hu nai jie jiu ba lie .er ming you si yue ..di ke ken bi .xi wei nong jiao .yi shan meng li .tui qiang tian qian .shi shan ze zhi ren de zhi yan .shi bei chi er wu jin .xu gong guan er wu ren .fa cang lin yi jiu pin qiong .bu bu zu .xu guan gua .cun gu du .chu de hao .sheng xing fa .gai zhi du .yi fu se .ge zheng shuo .yu tian xia wei geng shi ...yu shi li ji ri yi zhai jie .xi chao fu .cheng fa jia .jian hua qi .ming yu luan .you yu liu yi zhi you .chi wu hu ren yi zhi tu .lan guan .chun qiu .zhi lin .she .li shou ..jian .zou yu ..yi xuan he .wu gan qi .zai yun ..yan qun ya .bei .fa tan ..le le xu .xiu rong hu li yuan .ao xiang hu shu pu .shu .yi .dao .fang guai shou .deng ming tang 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er li wang .qie chu shou shi .dang ling yu tian xia ..tian dan zhu sha gong sun qing .qin zuo you xiao fu gong chen .xia zhi .lv jiang jun zou .shou bing fu ju .po dao dang yang jun qing bu zhi bing xiang shou .fu ji qin zuo you xiao .po zhi qing bo .fu yi chen wei chu .hui xiang liang li huai wang sun xin wei chu wang .chen sheng wang fan liu yue .yi wei wang .wang chen .qi gu ren chang yu yong geng zhe wen zhi .zhi chen .kou gong men yue ..wu yu jian she ..gong men ling yu fu zhi .zi bian shu .nai zhi .bu ken wei tong .chen wang chu .zhe dao er hu she .chen wang wen zhi .nai zhao jian .zai yu ju gui .ru gong .jian dian wu wei zhang .ke yue ..huo yi .she zhi wei wang chen chen zhe ..chu ren wei duo wei huo .gu tian xia chuan zhi .huo she wei wang .you chen she shi .ke chu ru yu yi fa shu .yan chen wang gu qing .huo shuo chen wang yue ..ke yu wu zhi .zhuan wang yan .qing wei ..chen wang zhan zhi .zhu chen wang gu ren jie zi yin qu .you shi wu qin chen wang zhe .chen wang yi zhu fang wei zhong zheng .hu wu wei si guo .zhu si qun chen .zhu jiang xun di .zhi .ling zhi bu shi zhe .xi er zui zhi .yi ke cha wei zhong .qi suo bu shan zhe .fu xia li .zhe zi zhi zhi .chen wang xin yong zhi .zhu jiang yi qi gu bu qin fu .ci qi suo yi bai ye .chen sheng sui yi si .qi suo zhi qian hou wang jiang xiang jing wang qin .you she shou shi ye .gao zu shi wei chen she zhi shou yi san shi jia dang .zhi jin xue shi .chu xian sheng yue .di xing xian zu .suo yi wei gu ye .bing ge xing fa .suo yi wei zhi ye .you wei zu shi ye .fu xian wang yi ren yi wei ben .er yi gu sai wen fa wei zhi ye .qi bu ran zai .wu wen jia sheng zhi cheng yue ..qin xiao gong ju yao han zhi gu .yong yong zhou zhi di .jun chen gu shou .yi kui zhou shi .you xi juan tian xia .bao ju yu nei .nang kuo si hai zhi yi .bing tun ba huang zhi xin .dang shi shi ye .shang jun zuo zhi .nei li fa du .wu geng zhi .xiu shou zhan zhi ju .wai lian heng er dou zhu hou .yu shi qin ren gong shou er qu xi he zhi wai ..xiao gong ji mei .hui wen .wu .zhao xiang meng gu ye yin yi ce .nan qu han zhong .xi ju ba shu .dong ge gao yu zhi di .shou yao hai zhi jun .zhu hou kong ju .hui meng er mou ruo qin .bu ai zhen qi .zhong bao .fei rao zhi di .yi zhi tian xia zhi shi .he cong di jiao .xiang yu wei yi .dang ci zhi shi .qi you meng chang .zhao you ping yuan .chu you chun shen .wei you xin ling .ci si jun zhe .jie ming zhi er zhong xin .kuan hou er ai ren .zun xian er zhong shi .yue cong li heng .jian han .wei .yan .zhao .song .wei .zhong shan zhi zhong .yu shi liu guo zhi shi .you ning yue .xu shang .su qin .du he zhi shu wei zhi mou .qi ming .zhou zui .chen zhen .zhao hua .lou huan .di jing .su li .le yi zhi tu tong qi yi .wu qi .sun bin .dai tuo .ni liang .wang liao .tian ji .lian po .zhao she zhi lun zhi qi bing .chang yi shi bei zhi di .bai wan zhi zhong .kou guan er gong qin .qin ren kai guan er yan di .jiu guo zhi shi qun xun dun tao er bu gan jin .qin wu wang shi yi zu zhi fei .er tian xia zhu hou yi kun yi .yu shi cong san yue jie .zheng ge di yi lu qin .qin you yu li er zhi qi bi .zhui wang zhu bei .fu shi bai wan .liu xue piao lu .yin li cheng bian .zai ge tian xia .fen lie he shan .qiang guo qing fu .ruo guo ru chao ..shi ji xiao wen wang .zhuang xiang wang .xiang guo zhi ri qian .guo jia wu shi ..ji zhi shi huang .fen liu shi zhi yu lie .zhen chang ce er yu yu nei .tun er zhou er wang zhu hou .lv zhi zun er zhi liu he .zhi qiao pu yi bian chi tian xia .wei zhen si hai .nan qu bai yue zhi di .yi wei gui lin .xiang jun .bai yue zhi jun .fu shou xi jing .wei ming xia li .nai shi meng tian bei zhu chang cheng er shou fan li .que xiong nu qi bai yu li .hu ren bu gan nan xia er mu ma .shi bu gan wan gong er bao yuan .yu shi fei xian wang zhi dao .fan bai jia zhi yan .yi yu qian shou .hui ming cheng .sha hao jun .shou tian xia zhi bing ju zhi xian yang .xiao feng di .zhu yi wei jin ren shi er .yi ruo tian xia zhi min .ran hou jian hua wei cheng .yin he wei chi .ju yi zhang zhi cheng .lin bu ce zhi xi yi wei gu .liang jiang jin nu .shou yao hai zhi chu .xin chen jing zu .chen li bing er shui he .tian xia yi ding .shi huang zhi xin .zi yi wei guan zhong zhi gu .jin cheng qian li .zi sun di wang wan shi zhi ye ye ..shi huang ji mei .yu wei zhen yu shu su . ran chen she weng you sheng shu zhi zi .mang li zhi ren .er qian xi zhi tu ye .cai neng bu ji zhong ren .fei you zhong ni .mo di zhi xian .tao zhu .yi dun zhi fu .nie zu xing wu zhi jian .jue qi qian mo zhi zhong .lv ba san zhi zu .jiang shu bai zhi zhong .zhuan er gong qin .zhan mu wei bing .jie gan wei qi .tian xia yun ji er xiang ying .ying liang er jing cong .shan dong hao jun sui bing qi er wang qin zu yi ..qie fu tian xia fei xiao ruo ye .yong zhou zhi di .yao han zhi gu .zi ruo ye .chen she zhi wei .fei zun yu qi .chu .yan .zhao .han .wei .song .wei .zhong shan zhi jun ye .chu you ji jin .bu xian yu gou ji chang sha ye .shi shu zhi zhong .fei kang yu jiu guo zhi shi ye .shen mou yuan lv .xing jun yong bing zhi dao .fei ji xiang shi zhi shi ye .ran er cheng bai yi bian .gong ye xiang fan .shi shi shan dong zhi guo yu chen she du chang xie da .bi quan liang li .ze bu ke tong nian er yu yi .ran qin yi qu qu zhi di .zhi wan cheng zhi shi .xu ba zhou er chao tong lie .bai you yu nian yi .ran hou yi liu he wei jia .yao han wei gong .yi fu zuo nan er qi miao hui .shen si ren shou .wei tian xia xiao zhe .he ye .ren yi bu shi er gong shou zhi shi yi ye ...suo yin shu zan .tian xia xiong xiong .hai nei fa zhu .ji lu zheng jie .zhan wu yuan chu .chen sheng shou shi .jue hao zhang chu .gui guai shi ping .hong gu zi xu .ge ying dong xia .zhou wen xi ju .shi qin zhu fang .you ren hu wu .huo yi jian sha .fu xin bu yu .zhuang jia he ren .fan shi cheng fu .li wo chen min .mo fei er ji .bu shi bu zhi .shun di zhi ze .

薄帷鉴明月(yue)，月光照在薄帷上。
⑥山雪(xue)河冰：雪、冰都是动词，指山上积雪，河水结冰。梅子黄时，家家都被笼罩在雨中，长(chang)满青草的池塘边上，传来阵阵蛙声。
（25）行无礼： 谓行为不合法度。信陵君为侯嬴驾车过市访友，执辔愈恭颜色(se)愈和。
【栖川】指深渊中的潜龙奉命出使加冠佩剑，正是潇洒壮年。
⑴吴客：指作者。　　春天来了，垂杨荡漾在白云绿水间，它那美(mei)丽的枝条随着春风飘扬，好不娇美。这里适逢生机蓬勃的春天，花儿争相开放，但玉关边塞此时却是冰雪交加，美人每当想起这些，都会(hui)倍感惆怅。她在金窗前独自凭依，看叶暖烟空，心中更有无限离愁。她面对此景心中常会荡起一种凄凉之感。真想攀折柳条，以远(yuan)寄到情郎所在的龙城前，让他明白她的一片相思。
[11]接：接射。飞猱（náo）：飞奔的猿猴。猱，猿的一种，行动轻捷，攀缘树木，上下如(ru)飞。　　万历（明神宗年号）年间，钱若赓做临江郡的行政长官。有个乡下人拿着鹅到集市上，寄存(cun)在客店(dian)中，去别的地方。这个乡下人回来后索要自己的鹅，店主抵赖，说：“这群鹅都是我的鹅。”乡下人不服，到衙门去告状。钱若赓命人取来店里的鹅，共计四只，各给它们一张纸，笔、砚，分在四个地方，让它们写供状。人们没有不感到惊讶的。一顿饭的时间，派人问鹅写完供状没有？差役回答说：“没有。”又过了一顿饭的时间，到堂下看看，说：“鹅已经招供了。”并指着一只鹅说：“这是乡下人的鹅。”人们感到很奇怪，钱若赓说：“乡下人的鹅吃野草，粪便的颜色是青色的；店主的鹅吃谷物粮食，粪便的颜色是黄色的"。店主于(yu)是认罪。
只眼：独到的见解，眼力出众。

　　此诗载于《全唐诗》卷五四〇。作者在写此诗不久前已就甘露之变写过《有感二首》，所以此篇题为“《重有感》李商隐 古诗”。这种标题，类似无题。
　　次联“非因斜日无由见，不是闲人岂得知”，是从首联描写转人三联议论的自然过渡。诗人感叹，这美丽的花只因偶然的机缘才被人发现，若不是斜日临照，与红花相映，人们便观赏不到这“一树红桃”；若不是作者自己是一个投闲置散的人，就不会知道在这“竹遮松荫”的幽静之处，还会有艳丽动人的桃花。
　　（上四暮春之景，下四春日感怀。吴论：肃肃，落声。菲菲，落貌。【黄注】红素乃地下花絮。【顾注】惟鸟雀，见过客之稀。独柴扉，见村居之僻。关中数乱，谓吐蕃、党项入寇。剑外未清，谓吐蕃近在西山。故乡尚有军营，则欲归不得矣。）
　　“美人为政本忘机，服药求仙事不违。”借服药求仙喻已，暗寓有德能的人不会有违心意。
　　这是一首送别诗。诗在有情无情之间，着笔淡永，但也并不是敷衍应酬。
　　头两句诗在写法上用的是对仗句，“三分国”对“《八阵图》杜甫 古诗”，以全局性的业绩对军事上的贡献，显得精巧工整，自然妥帖。在结构上，前句劈头提起，开门见山；后句点出诗题，进一步赞颂功绩，同时又为下面凭吊遗迹作了铺垫。
　　“与君论心握君手，荣辱于余亦何有”，“君”指王十二。这两句说，握着你的手，说句心里话吧，光荣和耻辱对于我来说又算了什么?“孔圣犹闻伤凤麟，董龙更是何鸡狗”。“凤麟”指凤凰，麒麟，古时认为是祥瑞之物，孔子曾为凤鸟不至，麒麟被获而伤感，以为自己是生逢乱世，理想落空；董龙是前秦右仆射董荣(小半龙)以谄媚皇上而得宠，这里指玄宗的宠臣李林甫、杨国忠之流。这两句说孔圣人尚且因生不逢时理想难成而忧伤，何况自己呢?最可恨董龙之辈靠媚上而得宠，真是令人不耻的鸡狗。这句谈的是社会权要人物，下边又把自己的念头转到皇帝那里。“一生傲岸苦不谐，恩疏媒劳志多乖。”“谐”谐调，“恩疏媒劳”借《楚辞·九歌·湘君》“心不同兮媒劳，恩不甚兮轻绝。”“媒劳”，引荐我的人是徒劳。把我向朝廷、皇帝引荐的人白费了力气。说自己虽被荐举入都，却渐疏于玄宗。“乖”不顺利。“志多乖”，自己志愿不能实现。这两句说，自己生性高傲苦于和世俗不谐调，身被举荐又不被皇上赏识，使胸怀大志无法实现。“严陵高揖汉天子，何必长剑拄颐事玉阶”。“严陵”严子陵的简称。严子陵青年时与后汉光武帝刘秀是同学，光武帝继位后，他不愿称臣，仍以朋友之礼相见，长揖而不肯下拜。这两句说，当年严子陵既然可以和汉天子平礼相处，我们何必—定要插配佩剑站在玉阶前侍奉皇帝呢？对皇帝虽说的不那么暴怒、十分尖刻，可这话里却委婉表示出对皇帝的不满。那骨子里的傲气，表现得很充分。作者以严子陵自喻，表明无心于朝政，“达也不足贵，穷亦不足悲”，照映了“荣辱于余亦何有”一句，说，自然做官不见得高贵，做不得官也就不值得忧伤了，为什么？“韩信羞将绛灌比，弥衡耻逐屠沽儿”，“韩信”，汉初诸侯王。“绛灌”，汉初淮阴侯周勃和颖阴侯灌婴。刘邦先封韩信为齐王，后又封楚王，有人告韩信谋反，被降为淮阴侯，与周勃、灌婴同爵，韩信不服，羞于灌、绛同列。“祢衡”东汉末人，有人问他与陈长文等人的交往情况，他轻蔑地说，我哪里肯轻意尾随屠沽儿呢？屠沽儿指杀猪、卖酒的人，封建士大夫以为下贱的人。这两句说，韩信因与绛灌同列而感到羞惭，祢衡以追随下贱的人为耻辱。这里李白自比韩信、祢衡，表示不愿与世俗之人同流合污。“君不见李北海，英雄豪气今仍在？君不见裴尚书，土坟三尺蒿棘居”。“李北海”指玄宗时北海太守李邕。裴尚书，指曾任刑部尚书的裴敦复。他们都被忌贤妒能的李林甫所杀，作者十分感慨地说：你不见在李林甫的屠刀下，李北海当年杰出的作风和豪爽的气度已荡然无存；裴尚书的土坟上已长满了高高的青蒿和荆棘。作者对李林甫之流迫害贤能进行了愤怒的控诉。同时紧承上两句，欲感到自己不肯同流合污的后果，引出了最后两句对生活道路的选择，“少年早欲五湖去，见此弥将钟鼎疏”。“五湖”指太湖、兆湖、鄱阳湖、青草湖、洞庭湖。春秋时越国大夫范蠡，帮助越王打败吴国，退隐五湖。李白用这典故，说明自己无心仕途。“钟鼎”指代高官厚禄。这最后两句表明自己决心说：我早年早有浪迹江湖之意，见到李北海、裴尚书的悲惨遭遇，更加坚定了辞绝宦途的决心。
　　诗一开头，就以景衬情，渲染了离别的气氛：“八月寒苇花，秋江浪头白。”八月秋意凉，岸边的苇花是白色的，江中的浪头也是白色的，再加上秋风瑟瑟，于是，浪花借助风力打湿苇花，苇花则随风而扑向浪花，两者似乎浑然一“白”了。这“白”，不是严冬霜雪之白，也不是三春柳絮梨花之白，而是凉秋八月之白，既不绚烂，也不凛烈，而是素净萧疏。此诗将芦花与秋江浪花联想在一起，让人感受到一片雪白的情境之中，纯洁的友情之爱白浪滔天——那种“芦花一白万顷雪”的情景之美，也就构成了雪花一样翻腾的江水了。其时，北风吹动船桅上的“五两”，似乎在催赶着离客。“浔阳客”，表明了船的去处。浔阳，在镇江的西南方，北风恰是顺风。看来，船就要趁好风而开动了。那么，“谁是浔阳客？”当然是刘昱，这一点，诗人明白，读者也明白。然而诗却故意用设问句式，使文气突起波澜，增强了韵味。八月风高，苇寒浪白，谁也不会愿意风行水宿。眼前刘昱偏偏要冒风波而远去浔阳，因而“谁是”一问，言外之意，还是希望刘昱且住为佳。诗心至此而更曲，诗味至此而更永。
　　李凭是梨园弟子，因善弹箜篌，名噪一时。“天子一日一回见，王侯将相立马迎”，身价之高，似乎远远超过盛唐时期的著名歌手李龟年。他的精湛技艺，受到诗人们的热情赞赏。李贺此篇想象丰富，设色瑰丽，艺术感染力很强。清人方扶南把它与白居易的《琵琶行》、韩愈的《听颖师弹琴》相提并论，推许为“摹写声音至文”。
　　第四节自“环堵萧然”至“以此自终”，写“五柳先生”的安贫与著文。他虽然居室破漏，衣食不足，但却安然自得。这正是他安贫乐道的表现。而“常著文章自娱”，不入尘网，则是他读书“每有会意”的结果。并且，“忘怀得失”又是他“不慕荣利”的性格使然。这些既与前文相照应，又收束了全篇。