迥石直生空，平湖四望通。岩根恒洒浪，树杪镇摇风。偃流还渍影，侵霞更上红。独拔群峰外，孤秀白云中。日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。轩辕休制律，虞舜罢弹琴。尚错雄鸣管，犹伤半死心。圣贤名古邈，羁旅病年侵。舟泊常依震，湖平早见参。如闻马融笛，若倚仲宣襟。故国悲寒望，群云惨岁阴。水乡霾白屋，枫岸叠青岑。郁郁冬炎瘴，濛濛雨滞淫。鼓迎非祭鬼，弹落似鸮禽。兴尽才无闷，愁来遽不禁。生涯相汩没，时物自萧森。疑惑尊中弩，淹留冠上簪。牵裾惊魏帝，投阁为刘歆。狂走终奚适，微才谢所钦。吾安藜不糁，汝贵玉为琛。乌几重重缚，鹑衣寸寸针。哀伤同庾信，述作异陈琳。十暑岷山葛，三霜楚户砧。叨陪锦帐座，久放白头吟。反朴时难遇，忘机陆易沈。应过数粒食，得近四知金。春草封归恨，源花费独寻。转蓬忧悄悄，行药病涔涔。瘗夭追潘岳，持危觅邓林。蹉跎翻学步，感激在知音。却假苏张舌，高夸周宋镡。纳流迷浩汗，峻址得嵚崟。城府开清旭，松筠起碧浔。披颜争倩倩，逸足竞骎骎。朗鉴存愚直，皇天实照临。公孙仍恃险，侯景未生擒。书信中原阔，干戈北斗深。畏人千里井，问俗九州箴。战血流依旧，军声动至今。葛洪尸定解，许靖力还任。家事丹砂诀，无成涕作霖。泛舟大河里，积水穷天涯。天波忽开拆，郡邑千万家。行复见城市，宛然有桑麻。回瞻旧乡国，渺漫连云霞。恨无端报晓何忙。唤却金乌，飞上扶桑。正好欢娱，不防分散，渐觉凄凉。好良宵添数刻争甚短长？喜时节闰一更差甚阴阳？惊却鸳鸯，拆散鸾凰。犹恋香衾，懒下牙床。龙池跃龙龙已飞，龙德光天天不违。池开天汉分黄道，秋压更长，看见姮娥瘦如束。正古花摇落，寒蛩满地，参梅吹老，玉龙横竹。霜被芙蓉宿。红绵透，尚欺暗烛。年年记、一种凄凉。绣幌金圆挂香玉。 顽老情怀，都无欢事，良宵爱幽独。叹画图难仿，橘村砧思，笠蓑有约，莼洲渔屋。心景凭谁语，商弦重、袖寒转轴。疏篱下、试觅重阳，醉擘青露菊。峤南江浅红梅小，小梅红浅江南峤。窥我向疏篱，篱疏向我窥。老人行即到，到即行人老。离别惜残枝，枝残惜别离。明明上天，照临下土。我征徂西，至于艽野。二月初吉，载离寒暑。心之忧矣，其毒大苦。念彼共人，涕零如雨。岂不怀归？畏此罪罟！昔我往矣，日月方除。曷云其还？岁聿云莫。念我独兮，我事孔庶。心之忧矣，惮我不暇。念彼共人，眷眷怀顾！岂不怀归？畏此谴怒。昔我往矣，日月方奥。曷云其还？政事愈蹙。岁聿云莫，采萧获菽。心之忧矣，自诒伊戚。念彼共人，兴言出宿。岂不怀归？畏此反覆。嗟尔君子，无恒安处。靖共尔位，正直是与。神之听之，式谷以女。嗟尔君子，无恒安息。靖共尔位，好是正直。神之听之，介尔景福。

jiong shi zhi sheng kong .ping hu si wang tong .yan gen heng sa lang .shu miao zhen yao feng .yan liu huan zi ying .qin xia geng shang hong .du ba qun feng wai .gu xiu bai yun zhong .ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..xuan yuan xiu zhi lv .yu shun ba dan qin .shang cuo xiong ming guan .you shang ban si xin .sheng xian ming gu miao .ji lv bing nian qin .zhou bo chang yi zhen .hu ping zao jian can .ru wen ma rong di .ruo yi zhong xuan jin .gu guo bei han wang .qun yun can sui yin .shui xiang mai bai wu .feng an die qing cen .yu yu dong yan zhang .meng meng yu zhi yin .gu ying fei ji gui .dan luo si xiao qin .xing jin cai wu men .chou lai ju bu jin .sheng ya xiang gu mei .shi wu zi xiao sen .yi huo zun zhong nu .yan liu guan shang zan .qian ju jing wei di .tou ge wei liu xin .kuang zou zhong xi shi .wei cai xie suo qin .wu an li bu san .ru gui yu wei chen .wu ji zhong zhong fu .chun yi cun cun zhen .ai shang tong yu xin .shu zuo yi chen lin .shi shu min shan ge .san shuang chu hu zhen .dao pei jin zhang zuo .jiu fang bai tou yin .fan pu shi nan yu .wang ji lu yi shen .ying guo shu li shi .de jin si zhi jin .chun cao feng gui hen .yuan hua fei du xun .zhuan peng you qiao qiao .xing yao bing cen cen .yi yao zhui pan yue .chi wei mi deng lin .cuo tuo fan xue bu .gan ji zai zhi yin .que jia su zhang she .gao kua zhou song chan .na liu mi hao han .jun zhi de qin yin .cheng fu kai qing xu .song jun qi bi xun .pi yan zheng qian qian .yi zu jing qin qin .lang jian cun yu zhi .huang tian shi zhao lin .gong sun reng shi xian .hou jing wei sheng qin .shu xin zhong yuan kuo .gan ge bei dou shen .wei ren qian li jing .wen su jiu zhou zhen .zhan xue liu yi jiu .jun sheng dong zhi jin .ge hong shi ding jie .xu jing li huan ren .jia shi dan sha jue .wu cheng ti zuo lin .fan zhou da he li .ji shui qiong tian ya .tian bo hu kai chai .jun yi qian wan jia .xing fu jian cheng shi .wan ran you sang ma .hui zhan jiu xiang guo .miao man lian yun xia .hen wu duan bao xiao he mang .huan que jin wu .fei shang fu sang .zheng hao huan yu .bu fang fen san .jian jue qi liang .hao liang xiao tian shu ke zheng shen duan chang .xi shi jie run yi geng cha shen yin yang .jing que yuan yang .chai san luan huang .you lian xiang qin .lan xia ya chuang .long chi yue long long yi fei .long de guang tian tian bu wei .chi kai tian han fen huang dao .qiu ya geng chang .kan jian heng e shou ru shu .zheng gu hua yao luo .han qiong man di .can mei chui lao .yu long heng zhu .shuang bei fu rong su .hong mian tou .shang qi an zhu .nian nian ji .yi zhong qi liang .xiu huang jin yuan gua xiang yu . wan lao qing huai .du wu huan shi .liang xiao ai you du .tan hua tu nan fang .ju cun zhen si .li suo you yue .chun zhou yu wu .xin jing ping shui yu .shang xian zhong .xiu han zhuan zhou .shu li xia .shi mi zhong yang .zui bo qing lu ju .jiao nan jiang qian hong mei xiao .xiao mei hong qian jiang nan jiao .kui wo xiang shu li .li shu xiang wo kui .lao ren xing ji dao .dao ji xing ren lao .li bie xi can zhi .zhi can xi bie li .ming ming shang tian .zhao lin xia tu .wo zheng cu xi .zhi yu jiao ye .er yue chu ji .zai li han shu .xin zhi you yi .qi du da ku .nian bi gong ren .ti ling ru yu .qi bu huai gui .wei ci zui gu .xi wo wang yi .ri yue fang chu .he yun qi huan .sui yu yun mo .nian wo du xi .wo shi kong shu .xin zhi you yi .dan wo bu xia .nian bi gong ren .juan juan huai gu .qi bu huai gui .wei ci qian nu .xi wo wang yi .ri yue fang ao .he yun qi huan .zheng shi yu cu .sui yu yun mo .cai xiao huo shu .xin zhi you yi .zi yi yi qi .nian bi gong ren .xing yan chu su .qi bu huai gui .wei ci fan fu .jie er jun zi .wu heng an chu .jing gong er wei .zheng zhi shi yu .shen zhi ting zhi .shi gu yi nv .jie er jun zi .wu heng an xi .jing gong er wei .hao shi zheng zhi .shen zhi ting zhi .jie er jing fu .

我(wo)长时间倚靠在高楼的栏杆上，微风拂面一丝丝一细细，望不尽的春日离愁，沮丧忧愁从遥远无(wu)边的天际升起。碧绿的草色，飘忽缭绕的云霭雾气掩映在落日余晖里，默默无言谁理解我靠在栏杆上的心情。
⑷渔阳：古代郡名，治所在今天津蓟县。因此处边陲，常陈重兵把守，后世遂用以指称边境征戍之地。他满脸灰尘，显出被烟熏火燎的颜色，两鬓头发灰白，十个手指也被炭烧得很黑。
11.谋诸妇：谋之于妻(qi)，找妻子想办法。诸，相当于“之于”。但愿和风惠顾，让牡丹姣颜久驻，只担心烈日无情，把它烤成焦烂。
136.风：风范。烈：功业。　　有个出生(sheng)在北方不认(ren)识菱(ling)角的人，在南方做官，（一次）他在酒席上吃菱角，（那个人）连角壳一起放进嘴里吃。有人对他说：“吃菱角必须去掉壳再(zai)吃。”那人为了掩饰自己的缺点，（护住自己的无知），说：“我并不是不知道，连壳一起吃进去的原因，是想要清热解毒。”问的人说：“北方也有这种东西吗？”他回答说：“前面的山后面的山，哪块地没有呢？”　　菱角生长在水中,（他）却说是在土里生长的，这是因为他为了装作有学问，硬要把不知道的说成知道的。
19、之：的。逆着流水去找她(ta)，道路险阻曲难求。 顺着流水去找她，仿佛就在水中洲。
⑼台城：六朝时的禁城（宫城），又称“苑城”，是当时的皇帝用于办公居住的场所，其遗址在今南京玄武湖南岸、鸡鸣寺之后。明知道死别最后一次见面，贫贱夫妻怎么不怜她饥寒。
（17）救火扬沸：意谓无济于事。按“救火”是负薪救火。“扬沸”。是扬汤（热水）止沸（热水）。　　秦穆公又问：“你们对国君的命运有什么看法？”阴饴甥说：“小人发愁，认为国君不免灾祸；君子宽心，以为国君必定回来。小人说：‘我对秦国太无情了，秦国岂肯还我国君？’君子说：‘我已认罪了，秦国必定还我国君。’他背叛了，就抓起来；他认罪了，就放回来。恩德再没有比这更厚的了，刑罚也没有比这更威严的了。内心臣服的自然感恩怀德，那怀有二心的也会畏惧刑罚。这一仗(zhang)如此了结，秦国真可成就霸业了。不然的话，当初帮他回国登位，又不让他安于其位；后来废了他的君位，又不让他复位，以致原来施的恩德，反变成仇恨，秦国总不会出此下策吧！”
③钟：酒杯。正暗自结苞含情。
62.鉏鋙（ju3 yu3举语）：同"龃龉",彼此不相合。

　　东岳泰山，巍巍峨峨，犹如一个顶天立地的巨人，以其拔地通天之势，擎天捧日之姿，雄距于齐鲁大地。其实，泰山险不过华山，雄不过恒山，海拔高度在五岳中仅排第三位。学者王克煜认为，它之所以被尊为五岳之首，与它的地理位置分不开。东汉应劭在《风俗通义》中记载：“泰山之尊一曰岱宗。岱，始也；宗，长也。万物之始，阴阳交代，故为五岳长。”此外，泰山之所以被视为五岳之尊，与它在历史上曾具有的浓重的政治、宗教色彩分不开。司马迁《史记》援引《管子·封禅篇》说，上古之时，封禅泰山的就有七十二家帝王。后来，历代帝王几乎无不封禅泰山。泰山别名“天孙”，意为天地之孙，主招魂，知人生命之长短，这大概是历代帝王钟情于泰山的重要原因吧。从这个意义上说，泰山是一座政治色彩浓厚的文化山。泰山又是一座自然风光优美的山。它壑深谷幽，峰奇石怪，山高水长，风卷云舒，历来就吸引着许多文人墨客为它长啸短吟，为它泼墨挥毫，为它锦上添花。姚鼐也是其中的一位。
　　中间八句是对那些坚贞不屈而遭贬的人才的悲惨境况深表同情。诗人将他们比作一群“铩羽”的乌鸦，在寒冷的秋天中饱受风寒的迫害。它们无法逃避是因为乌鸦停集在枯干上，没有遮蔽和凭靠。这里，“穷秋”象征恶劣的时局，“风寒”比喻无情的迫害，而“枯干”比喻才士们没有坚固的政治基础。因为这种情况牵涉到柳宗元自己被迫害的原因，所以这儿只好隐晦一些，用象征手法来表现。可以参看柳宗元的《感遇二首》。同时，由于这些才士能坚持君子的品德，不为所屈，遭受的打击就更为无情，处境悲惨，忧愁日深。
　　诗中虽以抒情为主，所叙的故事也还不够完整细致，但它已将女主人公的遭遇、命运，比较真实地反映出来，抒情叙事融为一体，时而夹以慨叹式的议论。就这些方面说，这首诗已初步具备中国式的叙事诗的某些特征。这些特征或多或少地影响到其后二千余年的叙事诗，在《孔雀东南飞》《长恨歌》，直到近代姚燮的《双鸩篇》中似乎都可以看到它的影子。
　　这首诗的特点是寓情于景，在描绘优美动人的景色的同时，也透过“独”、“苦”、“难”、“唯堪”等字，向读者展示了自己的内心独白。
　　诗后十句是第三段。“客游厌苦辛”二句，是由上文的残花败叶的凄凉景象转到自身倦于客游仕官生活的感受，过渡自然和谐。由于厌倦了这种如飘尘般的不稳定生活，所以诗人自然而然地闪现出“休澣自公日，宴慰及私辰”的想法。“休澣”，即休沐，指古代官员的例假；“自公”，用《诗经·召南·羔羊》的“退食自公”意，指从公务中退出。二句说乘这公务繁忙之后的休假日及时地休息宴饮。“宴慰及私辰”句比较巧妙，既照应了题目的玩月，又自然地向下文的写赏月时的宴饮过渡。
　　吴梦窗这首词字眼用得美而生动，层次亦极分明，上下阙一开始都是先横写境，然后纵写桂。上阙发挥了自己充分的想象力，用拟人手法写出了桂的美，然而处境凄凉，又写出其与修竹云水相依的寂寞。下阙写残照无主，一片荒凉，再转用拟人法写桂的寂寞无主，在悲寂无廖之中孤独地凋谢了。词中处处有令人感到内心沉痛的情感显现，真是极精之品。
　　第四句，菜花是黄的，又是繁茂的一片，一只小小的蝴蝶，飞入这黄色的海洋里，自然是无处寻了。读者可以想象，这时儿童们东张西望，四处搜寻的焦急状态，以及搜寻不着的失望情绪等等，更表现出儿童们的天真和稚气。
　　诗以“艰哉何巍巍”总领全篇，通过征途所见突出一个“艰”字。“树木何萧瑟，北风声正悲”二句为全诗奠定了萧瑟悲凉的基调，使诗笼罩在一片凄哀险恶的气氛中。为了进一步渲染凄哀险恶的气氛，诗人又以羊肠小路、恐怖战栗的熊吼虎叫、罕无人迹的漫漫大雪等物象感叹行军的艰难。以此为铺垫，顺势提出“思欲一东归”的念想。末二句并写两面，一写诗人同情长期征战的战士，渴望战争结束、实现统一的心情；一写诗人以周公自比，排除万难、取得征讨胜利的决心。整个诗歌弥漫着悲凉之气，抒情真挚感人。
　　然后，诗人登高远眺，以如椽大笔，彩绘长江雄伟气势：“登高壮观天地间，大江茫茫去不还。黄云万里动风色，白波九道流雪山。”九道，古谓长江流至浔阳分为九条支流。雪山，形容白波汹涌，堆叠如山。这几句意谓：登临庐山高峰，放眼纵观，只见长江浩浩荡荡，直泻东海，一去不返；万里黄云飘浮，天色瞬息变幻；茫茫九派，白波汹涌奔流，浪高如雪山。诗人豪情满怀，笔墨酣畅，将长江景色写得境界高远，气象万千。何等雄伟，何等壮美！大自然之美激发了大诗人的无限诗情：“好为庐山谣，兴因庐山发。闲窥石镜清我心，谢公行外苍苔没。”石镜，传说在庐山东面有一圆石悬岩，明净能照人形。谢公，南朝宋谢灵运，尝入彭蠡湖口，登庐山，有“攀崖照石镜”诗句（《谢康乐集​·入彭蠡湖口​》）。李白经过永王璘事件的挫折后，重登庐山，不禁感慨万千。这四句意思是：爱作庐山歌谣，诗兴因庐山而激发。从容自得地照照石镜，心情为之清爽，谢灵运走过的地方，如今已为青苔所覆盖。人生无常，盛事难再。李白不禁油然产生寻仙访道思想，希望超脱现实，以求解决内心的矛盾。