日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。罗袖动香香不已，红蕖袅袅秋烟里。鼎俎流芬，樽彝荐美。有灵有祇，咸希来止。淳熙己亥，自湖北漕移湖南，同官王正之置酒小山亭，为赋。更能消、几番风雨，匆匆春又归去。惜春长怕花开早，何况落红无数。春且住，见说道、天涯芳草无归路。怨春不语。算只有殷勤，画檐蛛网，尽日惹飞絮。(怕 一作：恨) (无归路 一作：迷归路）长门事，准拟佳期又误。蛾眉曾有人妒。千金纵买相如赋，脉脉此情谁诉？君莫舞，君不见、玉环飞燕皆尘土！闲愁最苦！休去倚危栏，斜阳正在，烟柳断肠处。余生足下。前日浮屠犁支自言永历中宦者，为足下道滇黔间事。余闻之，载笔往问焉。余至而犁支已去，因教足下为我书其语来，去年冬乃得读之，稍稍识其大略。而吾乡方学士有《滇黔纪闻》一编，余六七年前尝见之。及是而余购得是书，取犁支所言考之，以证其同异。盖两人之言各有详有略，而亦不无大相悬殊者，传闻之间，必有讹焉。然而学土考据颇为确核，而犁支又得于耳目之所睹记，二者将何取信哉？昔者宋之亡也，区区海岛一隅，仅如弹丸黑子，不逾时而又已灭亡，而史犹得以备书其事。今以弘光之帝南京，隆武之帝闽越，永历之帝西粤、帝滇黔，地方数千里，首尾十七八年，揆以《春秋》之义，岂遽不如昭烈之在蜀，帝昺之在崖州？而其事惭以灭没。近日方宽文字之禁，而天下所以避忌讳者万端，其或菰芦泽之间，有廑廑志其梗概，所谓存什一于千百，而其书未出，又无好事者为之掇拾流传，不久而已荡为清风，化为冷灰。至于老将退卒、故家旧臣、遗民父老，相继澌尽，而文献无征，凋残零落，使一时成败得失与夫孤忠效死、乱贼误国、流离播迁之情状，无以示于后世，岂不可叹也哉！终明之末三百年无史，金匮石室之藏，恐终沦散放失，而世所流布诸书，缺略不祥，毁誉失实。嗟乎！世无子长、孟坚，不可聊且命笔。鄙人无状，窃有志焉，而书籍无从广购，又困于饥寒，衣食日不暇给，惧此事终已废弃。是则有明全盛之书且不得见其成，而又何况于夜郎、筇笮、昆明、洱海奔走流亡区区之轶事乎？前日翰林院购遗书于各州郡，书稍稍集，但自神宗晚节事涉边疆者，民间汰去不以上；而史官所指名以购者，其外颇更有潜德幽光，稗官碑志纪载出于史馆之所不及知者，皆不得以上，则亦无以成一代之全史。甚矣其难也！余员昔之志于明史，有深痛焉、辄好问当世事。而身所与士大夫接甚少，士大夫亦无有以此为念者，又足迹未尝至四方，以故见闻颇寡，然而此志未尝不时时存也。足下知犁支所在，能召之来与余面论其事，则不胜幸甚。金舆巡白水，玉辇驻新丰。纽落藤披架，花残菊破丛。

ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..luo xiu dong xiang xiang bu yi .hong qu niao niao qiu yan li .ding zu liu fen .zun yi jian mei .you ling you qi .xian xi lai zhi .chun xi ji hai .zi hu bei cao yi hu nan .tong guan wang zheng zhi zhi jiu xiao shan ting .wei fu .geng neng xiao .ji fan feng yu .cong cong chun you gui qu .xi chun chang pa hua kai zao .he kuang luo hong wu shu .chun qie zhu .jian shuo dao .tian ya fang cao wu gui lu .yuan chun bu yu .suan zhi you yin qin .hua yan zhu wang .jin ri re fei xu ..pa yi zuo .hen . .wu gui lu yi zuo .mi gui lu .chang men shi .zhun ni jia qi you wu .e mei zeng you ren du .qian jin zong mai xiang ru fu .mai mai ci qing shui su .jun mo wu .jun bu jian .yu huan fei yan jie chen tu .xian chou zui ku .xiu qu yi wei lan .xie yang zheng zai .yan liu duan chang chu .yu sheng zu xia .qian ri fu tu li zhi zi yan yong li zhong huan zhe .wei zu xia dao dian qian jian shi .yu wen zhi .zai bi wang wen yan .yu zhi er li zhi yi qu .yin jiao zu xia wei wo shu qi yu lai .qu nian dong nai de du zhi .shao shao shi qi da lue .er wu xiang fang xue shi you .dian qian ji wen .yi bian .yu liu qi nian qian chang jian zhi .ji shi er yu gou de shi shu .qu li zhi suo yan kao zhi .yi zheng qi tong yi .gai liang ren zhi yan ge you xiang you lue .er yi bu wu da xiang xuan shu zhe .chuan wen zhi jian .bi you e yan .ran er xue tu kao ju po wei que he .er li zhi you de yu er mu zhi suo du ji .er zhe jiang he qu xin zai .xi zhe song zhi wang ye .qu qu hai dao yi yu .jin ru dan wan hei zi .bu yu shi er you yi mie wang .er shi you de yi bei shu qi shi .jin yi hong guang zhi di nan jing .long wu zhi di min yue .yong li zhi di xi yue .di dian qian .di fang shu qian li .shou wei shi qi ba nian .kui yi .chun qiu .zhi yi .qi ju bu ru zhao lie zhi zai shu .di bing zhi zai ya zhou .er qi shi can yi mie mei .jin ri fang kuan wen zi zhi jin .er tian xia suo yi bi ji hui zhe wan duan .qi huo gu lu ze zhi jian .you jin jin zhi qi geng gai .suo wei cun shi yi yu qian bai .er qi shu wei chu .you wu hao shi zhe wei zhi duo shi liu chuan .bu jiu er yi dang wei qing feng .hua wei leng hui .zhi yu lao jiang tui zu .gu jia jiu chen .yi min fu lao .xiang ji si jin .er wen xian wu zheng .diao can ling luo .shi yi shi cheng bai de shi yu fu gu zhong xiao si .luan zei wu guo .liu li bo qian zhi qing zhuang .wu yi shi yu hou shi .qi bu ke tan ye zai .zhong ming zhi mo san bai nian wu shi .jin kui shi shi zhi cang .kong zhong lun san fang shi .er shi suo liu bu zhu shu .que lue bu xiang .hui yu shi shi .jie hu .shi wu zi chang .meng jian .bu ke liao qie ming bi .bi ren wu zhuang .qie you zhi yan .er shu ji wu cong guang gou .you kun yu ji han .yi shi ri bu xia gei .ju ci shi zhong yi fei qi .shi ze you ming quan sheng zhi shu qie bu de jian qi cheng .er you he kuang yu ye lang .qiong ze .kun ming .er hai ben zou liu wang qu qu zhi yi shi hu .qian ri han lin yuan gou yi shu yu ge zhou jun .shu shao shao ji .dan zi shen zong wan jie shi she bian jiang zhe .min jian tai qu bu yi shang .er shi guan suo zhi ming yi gou zhe .qi wai po geng you qian de you guang .bai guan bei zhi ji zai chu yu shi guan zhi suo bu ji zhi zhe .jie bu de yi shang .ze yi wu yi cheng yi dai zhi quan shi .shen yi qi nan ye .yu yuan xi zhi zhi yu ming shi .you shen tong yan .zhe hao wen dang shi shi .er shen suo yu shi da fu jie shen shao .shi da fu yi wu you yi ci wei nian zhe .you zu ji wei chang zhi si fang .yi gu jian wen po gua .ran er ci zhi wei chang bu shi shi cun ye .zu xia zhi li zhi suo zai .neng zhao zhi lai yu yu mian lun qi shi .ze bu sheng xing shen .jin yu xun bai shui .yu nian zhu xin feng .niu luo teng pi jia .hua can ju po cong .

这真是个雄伟而高大的建筑，两边的高台好似漂浮在太空。
⑶高卧：此处用以形容旅途的寂寞无(wu)聊。虽然在本州(zhou)服役，家(jia)里也没什么可带。近处去，我只有空身一人；远处去终究也会迷失。
172、属镂：剑名。风潇潇呀雨潇潇，窗外鸡鸣声声绕。《风雨》佚名 古诗之时见到你，心病怎会不全消。
305、咎(jiu)繇（jiù yáo）：夏禹之臣。年(nian)复一年。犹如春来秋去的社燕，飘飞流浪在大漠荒原，来寄居在长长的屋檐。且不去想那身外的功名业绩，还是怡心畅神，常坐酒樽前。我这疲倦、憔悴的江南游子，再不忍听激越、繁复的管弦。就在歌宴边，为我安上一个枕席，让我醉后可以随意安眠。
7.行：前行，这里指出嫁。　　等到子产逝世，孔子听说了，哭泣道：“（他）是古代圣贤继承人啊。(【子产继承了】古人仁爱的遗风啊)”
③须：等到。早(zao)已约好神仙在九天会面，
14.鞭：用鞭打记得与小苹初次相见，她穿着两重心字香熏过的罗衣。琵琶轻弹委委倾诉相思。当时明月如今犹在，曾照着她彩云般的身影回归。
（11）扬州：传说大禹治水以后，把天下划为九州，扬州即其一，据《尚书·禹贡》：“淮，海惟扬州。”《传》：“北据淮，南距海。”《尔雅·释地》：“江南曰扬州。”潮州古属扬州地域。时不我待，富贵与神仙两者皆会错肩而过。
⒂“手持(chi)”两句：是指庙令教韩愈占卜，并断定占到了最吉利的兆头。杯珓（jiào）：古时的一种卜具。余难(nan)同：其他的卦象都不能相比。　　儿子啊，你为赵王，而你的母亲却成了奴隶。整日舂米一直到日落西山，还经常有死的危险。与你相离三千里，应当让谁去给你送信，告知你呢？
（8）辇：皇帝乘坐的车子。古代君臣不同辇，此句指杨贵妃的受宠超出常规。新竹无情但却愁恨满怀谁人能够看见？露珠滴落似雾里悲啼压得千枝万枝低。自家庭院中泉水石缝中长着两三根竹子，早晨在郊野间大路上见到时有竹根露出地面并有不少新笋刚刚露头。
⑷清禁：皇宫。苏辙时任翰林学士，常出入宫禁。

　　在艺术上，诗人熔叙事、抒情、写景于一炉，结构严谨，语言质朴，运用今昔对比，高度概括等手法，表达了诗人崇高的爱国情怀，集中体现了杜甫沉郁顿挫的诗风。三章诗不仅在形式上连绵一体，而且很好地引导读者进行联想和想象，使得这组诗的意蕴超越了其文字本身而显得丰富深厚。杜甫的《羌村》三首用诗人的亲身经历和体验反映出安史之乱的严重危害，具有高度的艺术概括力，体现了作者深厚的诗文功底。
　　开头两句：“长啸《梁甫吟》李白 古诗，何时见阳春？”“长啸”是比高歌更为凄厉激越的感情抒发。诗一上来就单刀直入，显示诗人此时心情极不平静，为全诗定下了感情的基调。宋玉《九辩》中有“恐溘死而不得见乎阳春”之句，故“见阳春”有从埋没中得到重用、从压抑中得以施展抱负的意思。以下诗句，全是由此生发。
　　首联即以对比的手法，描写梅花不畏严寒的秉性。“万木冻欲折，孤根暖独回”，是将梅花与“万木”相对照：在严寒的季节里，万木经受不住寒气的侵袭，简直要枝干摧折了，而梅树却像凝地下暖气于根茎，恢复了生机。“冻欲折”说法虽然略带夸张。然而正是万木凋摧之甚，才更有力地反衬出梅花“孤根独暖”的性格，同时又照应了诗题“《早梅》齐己 古诗”。
　　“寄意寒星荃不察“，“意”，指作者的救国救民的理想。“荃”，指人民。这里，作者用浪漫主义的想象表达自己拯救祖国的希望，希望他的救国救民的理想能为“荃“所理解，即希望祖国人民觉醒起来。作者鲁迅当时对人民群众的力量是有一定认识的，但是另一方面，由于历史的局限，鲁迅对人民群众的革命积极性还估计不足，因此发出了“寄意寒星荃不察”的慨叹。鲁迅慨叹“荃不察”，是迫切希望祖国人民能尽快觉醒，以便担当起拯救祖国的任务。
　　王建这首乐府体诗歌，对残酷的封建压迫作了无情的揭露。仲夏时节，农民麦、茧喜获丰收，却被官府劫一空，无法享受自己的劳动果实，只能过着“衣食无厚薄”的悲惨生活。这首诗所反映的事实，应是中唐时期整个农民生活的缩影，相当具有典型性。全诗四换韵脚。依照韵脚的转换，诗可分为四个层次。
　　十年阔别，一朝相遇，应该有很多话语要说。颈联“别来沧海事，语罢暮天钟”，表现了这倾诉别情的场面。分手以来千头万绪的往事，诗人用“沧海事”一语加以概括。这里化用了沧海桑田的典故，突出了十年间个人、亲友、社会的种种变化，同时也透露了作者对社会动乱的无限感慨。