东都主人喟然而叹曰：“痛乎风俗之移人也。子实秦人，矜夸馆室，保界河山，信识昭、襄而知始皇矣，乌睹大汉之云为乎？夫大汉之开元也，奋布衣以登皇位，由数期而创万代，盖六籍所不能谈，前圣靡得言焉当此之时，功有横而当天，讨有逆而顺民。故娄敬度势而献其说，萧公权宜而拓其制。时岂泰而安之哉，计不得以已也。吾子曾不是睹，顾曜后嗣之末造，不亦暗乎？今将语子以建武之治，永平之事，监于太清，以变子之惑志。往者王莽作逆，汉祚中缺，天人致诛，六合相灭。于时之乱，生人几亡，鬼神泯绝，壑无完柩，郛罔遗室。原野厌人之肉，川谷流人之血，秦、项之灾，犹不克半，书契以来，未之或纪。故下人号而上诉，上帝怀而降监，乃致命乎圣皇。于是圣皇乃握干符，阐坤珍，披皇图，稽帝文，赫然发愤，应若兴云，霆击昆阳，凭怒雷震。遂超大河，跨北岳，立号高邑，建都河、洛。绍百王之荒屯，因造化之荡涤，体元立制，继天而作。系唐统，接汉绪，茂育群生，恢复疆宇，勋兼乎在昔，事勤乎三五。岂特方轨并迹，纷纷后辟，治近古之所务，蹈一圣之险易云尔哉。且夫建武之元，天地革命，四海之内，更造夫妇，肇有父子，君臣初建，人伦实始，斯乃伏牺氏之所以基皇德也。分州土，立市朝，作盘舆，造器械，斯乃轩辕氏之所以开帝功也。龚行天罚，应天顺人，斯乃汤、武之所以昭王业也。迁都改邑，有殷宗中兴之则焉。即土之中，有周成隆平之制焉。不阶尺土一人之柄，同符乎高祖。克己复礼，以奉终始，允恭乎孝文。宪章稽古，封岱勒成，仪炳乎世宗。案《六经》而校德，眇古昔而论功，仁圣之事既该，而帝王之道备矣。至于永平之际，重熙而累洽，盛三雍之上仪，修衮龙之法服，铺鸿藻，信景铄，扬世庙，正雅乐。人神之和允洽，群臣之序既肃。乃动大辂，遵皇衢，省方巡狩，穷览万国之有无，考声教之所被，散皇明以烛幽。然后增周旧，修洛邑，扇巍巍，显翼翼。光汉京于诸夏，总八方而为之极。是以皇城之内，宫室光明，阙庭神丽，奢不可逾，俭不能侈。外则因原野以作苑，填流泉而为沼，发 苹藻以潜鱼，丰圃草以毓兽，制同乎梁邹，谊合乎灵囿。若乃顺时节而搜狩，简车徒以讲武，则必临之以《王制》，考之以《风》《雅》，历《驺虞》，览《驷铁》，嘉《车攻》，采《吉日》，礼官整仪，乘舆乃出。于是发鲸鱼，铿华钟，登玉辂，乘时龙，凤盖棽丽，和銮玲珑，天官景从，寝威盛容。山灵护野，属御方神，雨师泛洒，风伯清尘，千乘雷起，万骑纷纭，元戎竟野，戈铤彗云，羽旄扫霓，旌旗拂天。焱焱炎炎，扬光飞文，吐焰生风，欱野喷山，日月为之夺明，丘陵为之摇震。遂集乎中囿，陈师案屯，骈部曲，列校队，勒三军，誓将帅。然后举烽伐鼓，申令三驱， 輶车霆激，骁骑电骛，由基发射范氏施御，弦不睼禽，辔不诡遇，飞者未及翔，走者未及去。指顾倏忽，获车已实，乐不极盘，杀不尽物，马踠余足，士怒未渫，先驱复路，属车案节。于是荐三牺，效五牲，礼神祇，怀百灵，觐明堂，临辟雍，扬缉熙，宣皇风，登灵台，考休徵。俯仰乎干坤，参象乎圣躬，目中夏而布德，瞰四裔而抗棱。西荡河源，东澹海漘，北动幽崖，南趯朱垠。殊方别区，界绝而不邻。自孝武之所不征，孝宣之所未臣，莫不陆詟水栗，奔走而来宾。遂绥哀牢，开永昌，春王三朝，会同汉京。是日也，天子受四海之图籍，膺万国之贡珍，内抚诸夏，外绥百蛮。尔乃盛礼兴乐，供帐置乎云龙之庭，陈百寮而赞群后，究皇仪而展帝容。于是庭实千品，旨酒万钟，列金罍，班玉觞，嘉珍御，太牢飨。尔乃食举《雍》彻，太师奏乐，陈金石，布丝竹，钟鼓铿鍧，管弦烨煜。抗五声，极六律，歌九功，舞八佾，《韶》《武》备，泰古华。四夷间奏，德广所及，僸佅兜离，罔不具集。万乐备，百礼暨，皇欢浃，群臣醉，降烟熅，调元气，然后撞钟告罢，百寮遂退。于是圣上亲万方之欢娱，又沐浴于膏泽，惧其侈心之将萌，而怠于东作也，乃申旧间，下明诏，命有司，班宪度，昭节俭，示太素。去后宫之丽饰，损乘舆之服御，抑工商之淫业，兴农桑之盛务。遂令海内弃末而反本，背伪而归真，女修织纴，男务耕耘，器用陶匏，服尚素玄，耻纤靡而不服，贱奇丽而弗珍，捐金于山，沈珠于渊。于是百姓涤瑕荡秽而镜至清，形神寂漠，耳目弗营，嗜欲之源灭，廉耻之心生，莫不优游而自得，玉润而金声。是以四海之内，学校如林，庠序盈门，献酬交错，俎豆莘莘，下舞上歌，蹈德咏仁。登降饪宴之礼既毕，因相与嗟叹玄德，谠言弘说，咸含和而吐气，颂曰：“盛哉乎斯世！”今论者但知诵虞、夏之《书》，咏殷、周之《诗》，讲羲、文之《易》，论孔氏之《春秋》，罕能精古今之清浊，究汉德之所由。唯子颇识旧典，又徒驰骋乎末流。温故知新已难，而知德者鲜矣。且夫僻界西戎，险阻四塞，修其防御，孰与处乎土中，平夷洞达，万方辐凑？秦岭、九崚，泾、渭之川，曷若四渎、五岳，带河溯洛，图书之渊？建章、甘泉，馆御列仙，孰与灵台、明堂，统和天人？太液、昆明，鸟兽之囿，曷若辟雍海流，道德之富？游侠逾侈，犯义侵礼，孰与同履法度，翼翼济济也？子徒习秦阿房之造天，而不知京洛之有制也。识函谷之可关，而不知王者之无外也。主人之辞未终，西都宾矍然失容，逡巡降阶，揲然意下，捧手欲辞。”主人曰：“复位，今将授予以五篇之诗。”宾既卒业，乃称曰：“美哉乎斯诗！义正乎扬雄，事实乎相如，匪唯主人之好学，盖乃遭遇乎斯时也。小子狂简，不知所裁，既闻正道，请终身而诵之。”长相思，长相思。若问相思甚了期，除非相见时。长相思，长相思。欲把相思说似谁，浅情人不知。爰撤其俎，载迁其实。或升或降，唯诚唯质。秋在水清山暮蝉，洛阳树色鸣皋烟。 送君归去愁不尽，又惜空度凉风天。大凡物不得其平则鸣：草木之无声，风挠之鸣。水之无声，风荡之鸣。其跃也，或激之；其趋也，或梗之；其沸也，或炙之。金石之无声，或击之鸣。人之于言也亦然，有不得已者而后言。其歌也有思，其哭也有怀，凡出乎口而为声者，其皆有弗平者乎！乐也者，郁于中而泄于外者也，择其善鸣者而假之鸣。金、石、丝、竹、匏、土、革、木八者，物之善鸣者也。维天之于时也亦然，择其善鸣者而假之鸣。是故以鸟鸣春，以雷鸣夏，以虫鸣秋，以风鸣冬。四时之相推敚，其必有不得其平者乎？其于人也亦然。人声之精者为言，文辞之于言，又其精也，尤择其善鸣者而假之鸣。其在唐、虞，咎陶、禹，其善鸣者也，而假以鸣，夔弗能以文辞鸣，又自假于《韶》以鸣。夏之时，五子以其歌鸣。伊尹鸣殷，周公鸣周。凡载于《诗》、《书》六艺，皆鸣之善者也。周之衰，孔子之徒鸣之，其声大而远。传曰：“天将以夫子为木铎。”其弗信矣乎！其末也，庄周以其荒唐之辞鸣。楚，大国也，其亡也以屈原鸣。臧孙辰、孟轲、荀卿，以道鸣者也。杨朱、墨翟、管夷吾、晏婴、老聃、申不害、韩非、慎到、田骈、邹衍、尸佼、孙武、张仪、苏秦之属，皆以其术鸣。秦之兴，李斯鸣之。汉之时，司马迁、相如、扬雄，最其善鸣者也。其下魏晋氏，鸣者不及于古，然亦未尝绝也。就其善者，其声清以浮，其节数以急，其辞淫以哀，其志弛以肆；其为言也，乱杂而无章。将天丑其德莫之顾邪？何为乎不鸣其善鸣者也！唐之有天下，陈子昂、苏源明、元结、李白、杜甫、李观，皆以其所能鸣。其存而在下者，孟郊东野始以其诗鸣。其高出魏晋，不懈而及于古，其他浸淫乎汉氏矣。从吾游者，李翱、张籍其尤也。三子者之鸣信善矣。抑不知天将和其声，而使鸣国家之盛邪，抑将穷饿其身，思愁其心肠，而使自鸣其不幸邪？三子者之命，则悬乎天矣。其在上也奚以喜，其在下也奚以悲！东野之役于江南也，有若不释然者，故吾道其于天者以解之。闽县林琴南孝廉纾六七岁时，从师读。师贫甚，炊不得米。林知之，亟归，以袜实米，满之，负以致师。师怒，谓其窃，却弗受。林归以告母，母笑曰：“若心固善，然此岂束修之礼？”即唿备，赍米一石致之塾，师乃受。一闭昭阳春又春。夜寒宫漏永，梦君恩。卧思陈事暗销魂。罗衣湿，红袂有啼痕。歌吹隔重阍。绕亭芳草绿，倚长门。万般惆怅向谁论？凝情立，宫殿欲黄昏。妾家住横塘，红纱满桂香。青云教绾头上髻，明月与作耳边珰。莲风起，江畔春；大堤上，留北人。郎食鲤鱼尾，妾食猩猩唇。莫指襄阳道，绿浦归帆少。今日菖蒲花，明朝枫树老。万籁寂无声。衾铁稜稜近五更。香断灯昏吟未稳，凄清。只有霜华伴月明。应是夜寒凝。恼得梅花睡不成。我念梅花花念我，关情。起看清冰满玉瓶。梅花不肯傍春光，自向深冬着艳阳。龙笛远吹胡地月，

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jian san xi .xiao wu sheng .li shen qi .huai bai ling .jin ming tang .lin bi yong .yang ji xi .xuan huang feng .deng ling tai .kao xiu zheng .fu yang hu gan kun .can xiang hu sheng gong .mu zhong xia er bu de .kan si yi er kang leng .xi dang he yuan .dong dan hai chun .bei dong you ya .nan ti zhu yin .shu fang bie qu .jie jue er bu lin .zi xiao wu zhi suo bu zheng .xiao xuan zhi suo wei chen .mo bu lu zhe shui li .ben zou er lai bin .sui sui ai lao .kai yong chang .chun wang san chao .hui tong han jing .shi ri ye .tian zi shou si hai zhi tu ji .ying wan guo zhi gong zhen .nei fu zhu xia .wai sui bai man .er nai sheng li xing le .gong zhang zhi hu yun long zhi ting .chen bai liao er zan qun hou .jiu huang yi er zhan di rong .yu shi ting shi qian pin .zhi jiu wan zhong .lie jin lei .ban yu shang .jia zhen yu .tai lao xiang .er nai shi ju .yong .che .tai shi zou le .chen jin shi .bu si zhu .zhong gu keng hong .guan xian ye yu .kang wu sheng .ji liu lv .ge jiu gong .wu ba yi ..shao ..wu .bei .tai gu hua .si yi jian zou .de guang suo ji .jin mai dou li .wang bu ju ji .wan le bei .bai li ji .huang huan jia .qun chen zui .jiang yan yun .diao yuan qi .ran hou zhuang zhong gao ba .bai liao sui tui .yu shi sheng shang qin wan fang zhi huan yu .you mu yu yu gao ze .ju qi chi xin zhi jiang meng .er dai yu dong zuo ye .nai shen jiu jian .xia ming zhao .ming you si .ban xian du .zhao jie jian .shi tai su .qu hou gong zhi li shi .sun cheng yu zhi fu yu .yi gong shang zhi yin ye .xing nong sang zhi sheng wu .sui ling hai nei qi mo er fan ben .bei wei er gui zhen .nv xiu zhi ren .nan wu geng yun .qi yong tao pao .fu shang su xuan .chi xian mi er bu fu .jian qi li er fu zhen .juan jin yu shan .shen zhu yu yuan .yu shi bai xing di xia dang hui er jing zhi qing .xing shen ji mo .er mu fu ying .shi yu zhi yuan mie .lian chi zhi xin sheng .mo bu you you er zi de .yu run er jin sheng .shi yi si hai zhi nei .xue xiao ru lin .xiang xu ying men .xian chou jiao cuo .zu dou xin xin .xia wu shang ge .dao de yong ren .deng jiang ren yan zhi li ji bi .yin xiang yu jie tan xuan de .dang yan hong shuo .xian han he er tu qi .song yue ..sheng zai hu si shi ..jin lun zhe dan zhi song yu .xia zhi .shu ..yong yin .zhou zhi .shi ..jiang xi .wen zhi .yi ..lun kong shi zhi .chun qiu ..han neng jing gu jin zhi qing zhuo .jiu han de zhi suo you .wei zi po shi jiu dian .you tu chi cheng hu mo liu .wen gu zhi xin yi nan .er zhi de zhe xian yi .qie fu pi jie xi rong .xian zu si sai .xiu qi fang yu .shu yu chu hu tu zhong .ping yi dong da .wan fang fu cou .qin ling .jiu ling .jing .wei zhi chuan .he ruo si du .wu yue .dai he su luo .tu shu zhi yuan .jian zhang .gan quan .guan yu lie xian .shu yu ling tai .ming tang .tong he tian ren .tai ye .kun ming .niao shou zhi you .he ruo bi yong hai liu .dao de zhi fu .you xia yu chi .fan yi qin li .shu yu tong lv fa du .yi yi ji ji ye .zi tu xi qin a fang zhi zao tian .er bu zhi jing luo zhi you zhi ye .shi han gu zhi ke guan .er bu zhi wang zhe zhi wu wai ye .zhu ren zhi ci wei zhong .xi du bin jue ran shi rong .qun xun jiang jie .die ran yi xia .peng shou yu ci ..zhu ren yue ..fu wei .jin jiang shou yu yi wu pian zhi shi ..bin ji zu ye .nai cheng yue ..mei zai hu si shi .yi zheng hu yang xiong .shi shi hu xiang ru .fei wei zhu ren zhi hao xue .gai nai zao yu hu si shi ye .xiao zi kuang jian .bu zhi suo cai .ji wen zheng dao .qing zhong shen er song zhi ..chang xiang si .chang xiang si .ruo wen xiang si shen liao qi .chu fei xiang jian shi .chang xiang si .chang xiang si .yu ba xiang si shuo si shui .qian qing ren bu zhi .yuan che qi zu .zai qian qi shi .huo sheng huo jiang .wei cheng wei zhi .qiu zai shui qing shan mu chan .luo yang shu se ming gao yan . song jun gui qu chou bu jin .you xi kong du liang feng tian .da fan wu bu de qi ping ze ming .cao mu zhi wu sheng .feng nao zhi ming .shui zhi wu sheng .feng dang zhi ming .qi yue ye .huo ji zhi .qi qu ye .huo geng zhi .qi fei ye .huo zhi zhi .jin shi zhi wu sheng .huo ji zhi ming .ren zhi yu yan ye yi ran .you bu de yi zhe er hou yan .qi ge ye you si .qi ku ye you huai .fan chu hu kou er wei sheng zhe .qi jie you fu ping zhe hu .le ye zhe .yu yu zhong er xie yu wai zhe ye .ze qi shan ming zhe er jia zhi ming .jin .shi .si .zhu .pao .tu .ge .mu ba zhe .wu zhi shan ming zhe ye .wei tian zhi yu shi ye yi ran .ze qi shan ming zhe er jia zhi ming .shi gu yi niao ming chun .yi lei ming xia .yi chong ming qiu .yi feng ming dong .si shi zhi xiang tui duo .qi bi you bu de qi ping zhe hu .qi yu ren ye yi ran .ren sheng zhi jing zhe wei yan .wen ci zhi yu yan .you qi jing ye .you ze qi shan ming zhe er jia zhi ming .qi zai tang .yu .jiu tao .yu .qi shan ming zhe ye .er jia yi ming .kui fu neng yi wen ci ming .you zi jia yu .shao .yi ming .xia zhi shi .wu zi yi qi ge ming .yi yin ming yin .zhou gong ming zhou .fan zai yu .shi ...shu .liu yi .jie ming zhi shan zhe ye .zhou zhi shuai .kong zi zhi tu ming zhi .qi sheng da er yuan .chuan yue ..tian jiang yi fu zi wei mu duo ..qi fu xin yi hu .qi mo ye .zhuang zhou yi qi huang tang zhi ci ming .chu .da guo ye .qi wang ye yi qu yuan ming .zang sun chen .meng ke .xun qing .yi dao ming zhe ye .yang zhu .mo di .guan yi wu .yan ying .lao dan .shen bu hai .han fei .shen dao .tian pian .zou yan .shi jiao .sun wu .zhang yi .su qin zhi shu .jie yi qi shu ming .qin zhi xing .li si ming zhi .han zhi shi .si ma qian .xiang ru .yang xiong .zui qi shan ming zhe ye .qi xia wei jin shi .ming zhe bu ji yu gu .ran yi wei chang jue ye .jiu qi shan zhe .qi sheng qing yi fu .qi jie shu yi ji .qi ci yin yi ai .qi zhi chi yi si .qi wei yan ye .luan za er wu zhang .jiang tian chou qi de mo zhi gu xie .he wei hu bu ming qi shan ming zhe ye .tang zhi you tian xia .chen zi ang .su yuan ming .yuan jie .li bai .du fu .li guan .jie yi qi suo neng ming .qi cun er zai xia zhe .meng jiao dong ye shi yi qi shi ming .qi gao chu wei jin .bu xie er ji yu gu .qi ta jin yin hu han shi yi .cong wu you zhe .li ao .zhang ji qi you ye .san zi zhe zhi ming xin shan yi .yi bu zhi tian jiang he qi sheng .er shi ming guo jia zhi sheng xie .yi jiang qiong e qi shen .si chou qi xin chang .er shi zi ming qi bu xing xie .san zi zhe zhi ming .ze xuan hu tian yi .qi zai shang ye xi yi xi .qi zai xia ye xi yi bei .dong ye zhi yi yu jiang nan ye .you ruo bu shi ran zhe .gu wu dao qi yu tian zhe yi jie zhi .min xian lin qin nan xiao lian shu liu qi sui shi .cong shi du .shi pin shen .chui bu de mi .lin zhi zhi .ji gui .yi wa shi mi .man zhi .fu yi zhi shi .shi nu .wei qi qie .que fu shou .lin gui yi gao mu .mu xiao yue ..ruo xin gu shan .ran ci qi shu xiu zhi li ..ji hu bei .ji mi yi shi zhi zhi shu .shi nai shou .yi bi zhao yang chun you chun .ye han gong lou yong .meng jun en .wo si chen shi an xiao hun .luo yi shi .hong mei you ti hen .ge chui ge zhong hun .rao ting fang cao lv .yi chang men .wan ban chou chang xiang shui lun .ning qing li .gong dian yu huang hun .qie jia zhu heng tang .hong sha man gui xiang .qing yun jiao wan tou shang ji .ming yue yu zuo er bian dang .lian feng qi .jiang pan chun .da di shang .liu bei ren .lang shi li yu wei .qie shi xing xing chun .mo zhi xiang yang dao .lv pu gui fan shao .jin ri chang pu hua .ming chao feng shu lao .wan lai ji wu sheng .qin tie leng leng jin wu geng .xiang duan deng hun yin wei wen .qi qing .zhi you shuang hua ban yue ming .ying shi ye han ning .nao de mei hua shui bu cheng .wo nian mei hua hua nian wo .guan qing .qi kan qing bing man yu ping .mei hua bu ken bang chun guang .zi xiang shen dong zhuo yan yang .long di yuan chui hu di yue .

江南有一块(kuai)富饶美丽的地方，它曾经被(bei)很多帝王作为主要都城。
谢娘：唐代歌妓名，后泛指歌妓。任何事情必须自己去(qu)实践，别人得到的知识不能代替自己的才能。
125.何少康逐犬，而颠陨厥首：少康，夏国君相的儿子。逐犬，打猎。颠陨，坠落。王逸《章句》：“夏少康因田猎放犬逐兽，遂袭杀浇而断其头。”肃宗还流亡在外，几时才可以停止训练兵卒？
②十(shi)年：宋德祐元年（1275），诗人抗元失败，弃家入(ru)山。次年妻儿被俘，家破人亡，至作此诗时将近十年。　　毛茸茸的小黄鸟，栖息在那山坳中。道路漫长又遥远，我行道路多劳苦。让他(ta)吃饱又喝足，教他通情又达理。叫那随从的副车，让他做上拉他走。
16.属：连接。天啊，不要让这一轮圆月照得我这离家的人无法安眠。面对满月，孤身一人，心中的那个她在哪儿呢？月宫里，只有桂树的影子斑斑驳驳，无人赏看。
　　⑥枕上十年事：借唐人李泌所作传奇《枕中记》故事，抒发作者的辛酸遭遇。　　季主于是说道：“唉！天道和什么人亲？只和有德的人亲。鬼神怎么会灵？靠着人相信才灵。蓍草不过(guo)是枯草，龟甲不过是枯骨，都是物。人比物灵敏聪明，为什么不听从自己，却听命于物呢？而且，您为什么不想(xiang)一下过去呢？有过去就必然有今天。所以，现在的碎瓦坏墙，就是过去的歌楼舞馆；现在的荒棘断梗，就是过去的琼花玉树；现在在风露中哀鸣的蟋蟀和蝉，就是过去的凤笙龙笛；现在的鬼火萤光，就是过去的金灯华烛；现在秋天的苦菜，春天的荠菜，就是过去的象(xiang)脂驼峰；现在红的枫叶，白的荻草，就是过去的蜀产美锦，齐制细绢。过去没有的现在有了，不算过分；过去有过的现在没有了，也不能算不足。所以从白昼到黑夜，盛开的花朵凋谢了；从秋天到春天，凋萎的植物又发出新芽。激流旋湍下面，必定有深潭；高峻的山丘下面，必定有深谷。这些道理您也已经知道了，何必还要占卜呢？”
峨峨 :高

　　第一、二两句是描写梅花的外在之形，“朔吹飘夜香，繁霜滋晓白。”两句进一层刻画《早梅》柳宗元 古诗内在的气质。尽管北风吹打，严霜相逼，而梅花仍然在寒风中散发着缕缕芬芳，在浓霜中增添着洁白的光泽。这两句诗一写“香”，一写“色”，集中地写出《早梅》柳宗元 古诗傲视风霜，力斡春回的风格。“飘”字寓有四散的意思，王冕《墨梅》诗有“只留清气满乾坤”，用的也是这个意思。诗人咏梅，目的是为了抒怀，是为了言志。诗中梅花的品格也是诗人心灵的一种物化。
　　“千里远结婚，悠悠隔山陂。”从这两句看来，男方所在甚远，他们的结婚或非易事。这女子曾企盼着，不知何时他的车子才能到来，所以接下来说：“思君令人老，轩车来何迟！”这首诗开头的六句都是比，这四句改用赋，意尽旨远，比以上六句更见性情。
　　清人评曰：“第四句乃此诗精彩佳妙所在，为一篇之主，前三句凑泊成趣，为一篇之客，此诗请客之法也。但主客要照应相配。四句色色俱精，一气呵成，如天造地设，所谓运斤成风，欲求斧凿之痕，了不可得。”
　　三、四句明写孟尝君赖门客“鸡鸣函谷”之力出关逃逸之怪事，暗射王承宗之流居心叵测，意浑水摸鱼，刺杀忠良之歹心。柳宗元不怎么赞成鸡鸣狗盗，因为“客如雾”，因为“貌同心异”，潜伏着的危险多，因而酿成了武元衡被刺的悲剧。用“鸡鸣”之典便有了一箭双雕的作用：既是一种否定，又是一次警策。
　　钱仲联详注仲高身世，大略云：仲高，陆游从兄陆升之也。绍兴十八年（戊辰）进士，其人阿附秦桧，谄事桧党两浙转运使兼临安知府曹泳。泳为政凶酷，缙绅畏之如鬼蜮。时升之为右通直郎，与右承务郎李孟坚亲善。孟坚之父光私撰国史，语涉朝政，或多讪谤褒贬。孟坚以秘事告之，升之发之以告泳，泳检举於朝，光故得罪。後桧死，泳被贬窜新州，升之坐为秦党亦被黜。“临分出苦语，不敢计从违”一句，深有规劝之意。