芭蕉不展丁香结，匆匆过了春三。罗衣花下倚娇憨。玉人吹笛，眼底是江南。最是酒阑人散后，疏风拂面微酣。树犹如此我何堪？离亭杨柳，凉月照毵毵。客路青山外，行舟绿水前。(青山外 一作：青山下)潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。海日生残夜，江春入旧年。乡书何处达？归雁洛阳边。边城儿，生年不读一字书，但知游猎夸轻趫。胡马秋肥宜白草，骑来蹑影何矜骄。金鞭拂雪挥鸣鞘，半酣唿鹰出远郊。弓弯满月不虚发，双鸧迸落连飞髇。海边观者皆辟易，勐气英风振沙碛。儒生不及游侠人，白首下帷复何益！自古相从休务日，何妨低唱微吟。天垂云重作春阴。坐中人半醉，帘外雪将深。闻道分司狂御史，紫云无路追寻。凄风寒雨是骎骎。问囚长损气，见鹤忽惊心。天子居未央，妾侍卷衣裳。顾无紫宫宠，敢拂黄金床。水至亦不去，熊来尚可当。微身奉日月，飘若萤之光。愿君采葑菲，无以下体妨。柳丝空有千万条。系不住、溪头画桡。想今宵、也对新月，过轻寒、何处小桥。 玉箫榭春多少，熘啼红、脸霞未消。怪别来、胭脂慵傅，被东风、偷在杏梢。弹弦自昔，解冻惟旧。仰瞻肸蚃，群祥来凑。新来好，唱得虎头词。一片冷香唯有梦，十分清瘦更无诗。标格早梅知。日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。边草，边草，边草尽来兵老。山南山北雪晴， 千里万里月明。明月，明月，胡笳一声愁绝。，而以其所忧郁发之于诗歌文章，以泄其怀，即集中所载诸什是也。君故以直谏为重于时，而其所着为诗歌文章，又多所讥刺，稍稍传播，上下震恐。始出死力相煽构，而君之祸作矣。君既没，而中朝之士虽不敢讼其事，而一时阃寄所相与谗君者，寻且坐罪罢去。又未几，故宰执之仇君者亦报罢。而君之故人俞君，于是裒辑其生平所着若干卷，刻而传之。而其子襄，来请予序之首简。茅子受读而题之曰：若君者，非古之志士之遗乎哉？孔子删《诗》，自《小弁》之怨亲，《巷伯》之刺谗而下，其间忠臣、寡妇、幽人、怼士之什，并列之为“风”，疏之为“雅”，不可胜数。岂皆古之中声也哉？然孔子不遽遗之者，特悯其人，矜其志。犹曰“发乎情，止乎礼义”，“言之者无罪，闻之者足以为戒”焉耳。予尝按次春秋以来，屈原之《骚》疑于怨，伍胥之谏疑于胁，贾谊之《疏》疑于激，叔夜之诗疑于愤，刘蕡之对疑于亢。然推孔子删《诗》之旨而裒次之，当亦未必无录之者。君既没，而海内之荐绅大夫，至今言及君，无不酸鼻而流涕。呜唿！集中所载《鸣剑》、《筹边》诸什，试令后之人读之，其足以寒贼臣之胆，而跃塞垣战士之马，而作之忾也，固矣！他日国家采风者之使出而览观焉，其能遗之也乎？予谨识之。至于文词之工不工，及当古作者之旨与否，非所以论君之大者也，予故不着。嘉靖癸亥孟春望日归安茅坤拜手序。

ba jiao bu zhan ding xiang jie .cong cong guo liao chun san .luo yi hua xia yi jiao han .yu ren chui di .yan di shi jiang nan .zui shi jiu lan ren san hou .shu feng fu mian wei han .shu you ru ci wo he kan .li ting yang liu .liang yue zhao san san .ke lu qing shan wai .xing zhou lv shui qian ..qing shan wai yi zuo .qing shan xia .chao ping liang an kuo .feng zheng yi fan xuan .hai ri sheng can ye .jiang chun ru jiu nian .xiang shu he chu da .gui yan luo yang bian .bian cheng er .sheng nian bu du yi zi shu .dan zhi you lie kua qing qiao .hu ma qiu fei yi bai cao .qi lai nie ying he jin jiao .jin bian fu xue hui ming qiao .ban han hu ying chu yuan jiao .gong wan man yue bu xu fa .shuang cang beng luo lian fei xiao .hai bian guan zhe jie bi yi .meng qi ying feng zhen sha qi .ru sheng bu ji you xia ren .bai shou xia wei fu he yi .zi gu xiang cong xiu wu ri .he fang di chang wei yin .tian chui yun zhong zuo chun yin .zuo zhong ren ban zui .lian wai xue jiang shen .wen dao fen si kuang yu shi .zi yun wu lu zhui xun .qi feng han yu shi qin qin .wen qiu chang sun qi .jian he hu jing xin .tian zi ju wei yang .qie shi juan yi shang .gu wu zi gong chong .gan fu huang jin chuang .shui zhi yi bu qu .xiong lai shang ke dang .wei shen feng ri yue .piao ruo ying zhi guang .yuan jun cai feng fei .wu yi xia ti fang .liu si kong you qian wan tiao .xi bu zhu .xi tou hua rao .xiang jin xiao .ye dui xin yue .guo qing han .he chu xiao qiao . yu xiao xie chun duo shao .liu ti hong .lian xia wei xiao .guai bie lai .yan zhi yong fu .bei dong feng .tou zai xing shao .dan xian zi xi .jie dong wei jiu .yang zhan xi xiang .qun xiang lai cou .xin lai hao .chang de hu tou ci .yi pian leng xiang wei you meng .shi fen qing shou geng wu shi .biao ge zao mei zhi .ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..bian cao .bian cao .bian cao jin lai bing lao .shan nan shan bei xue qing . qian li wan li yue ming .ming yue .ming yue .hu jia yi sheng chou jue ..er yi qi suo you yu fa zhi yu shi ge wen zhang .yi xie qi huai .ji ji zhong suo zai zhu shi shi ye .jun gu yi zhi jian wei zhong yu shi .er qi suo zhuo wei shi ge wen zhang .you duo suo ji ci .shao shao chuan bo .shang xia zhen kong .shi chu si li xiang shan gou .er jun zhi huo zuo yi .jun ji mei .er zhong chao zhi shi sui bu gan song qi shi .er yi shi kun ji suo xiang yu chan jun zhe .xun qie zuo zui ba qu .you wei ji .gu zai zhi zhi chou jun zhe yi bao ba .er jun zhi gu ren yu jun .yu shi pou ji qi sheng ping suo zhuo ruo gan juan .ke er chuan zhi .er qi zi xiang .lai qing yu xu zhi shou jian .mao zi shou du er ti zhi yue .ruo jun zhe .fei gu zhi zhi shi zhi yi hu zai .kong zi shan .shi ..zi .xiao bian .zhi yuan qin ..xiang bo .zhi ci chan er xia .qi jian zhong chen .gua fu .you ren .dui shi zhi shi .bing lie zhi wei .feng ..shu zhi wei .ya ..bu ke sheng shu .qi jie gu zhi zhong sheng ye zai .ran kong zi bu ju yi zhi zhe .te min qi ren .jin qi zhi .you yue .fa hu qing .zhi hu li yi ...yan zhi zhe wu zui .wen zhi zhe zu yi wei jie .yan er .yu chang an ci chun qiu yi lai .qu yuan zhi .sao .yi yu yuan .wu xu zhi jian yi yu xie .jia yi zhi .shu .yi yu ji .shu ye zhi shi yi yu fen .liu fen zhi dui yi yu kang .ran tui kong zi shan .shi .zhi zhi er pou ci zhi .dang yi wei bi wu lu zhi zhe .jun ji mei .er hai nei zhi jian shen da fu .zhi jin yan ji jun .wu bu suan bi er liu ti .wu hu .ji zhong suo zai .ming jian ...chou bian .zhu shi .shi ling hou zhi ren du zhi .qi zu yi han zei chen zhi dan .er yue sai yuan zhan shi zhi ma .er zuo zhi kai ye .gu yi .ta ri guo jia cai feng zhe zhi shi chu er lan guan yan .qi neng yi zhi ye hu .yu jin shi zhi .zhi yu wen ci zhi gong bu gong .ji dang gu zuo zhe zhi zhi yu fou .fei suo yi lun jun zhi da zhe ye .yu gu bu zhuo .jia jing gui hai meng chun wang ri gui an mao kun bai shou xu .

在绿杨垂柳、芳草萋萋的长亭古道上，他好像情侣轻易地抛下我就登程远去。楼头(tou)的钟声惊醒了五更的残梦，心头的离愁就像洒在花底的三月春雨。
（12）始归：才嫁过来的时候。古时女子出嫁称归。拂晓的云与攀在漫天游动，楼台殿阁高高耸立触天空。
11.连琐：滔滔不绝。　　康熙七年六月十七日戍刻，发生了大《地震》蒲松龄 古诗。当时，我在稷下做客，正和表兄李笃之在灯下喝酒。忽然听见有种像打雷一(yi)样的声音，从东南方向过来，向西北方向滚去。大家都很惊骇诧异，不知是什么缘故。不一会儿，只见桌子摇晃起来，酒杯翻倒；屋梁房柱，发出一片咔咔的断裂声。众人大惊失色，面面相觑。过了好久，才醒悟过来是《地震》蒲松龄 古诗，急忙冲出屋子。只见外面的楼阁房屋，一会儿斜倒在地上，一会儿又直(zhi)立起来；墙倒屋塌的声音，混合着孩子号哭的声音，一片鼎沸，震耳欲聋。人头晕得站不住，只能坐在地上，随着地面颠簸。河水翻腾出岸边一丈多远；鸡叫狗吠，全城大乱。过了一个时辰，才稍微安定下来。再看大街上，男男女女，都光着身子聚在一起，争相讲着刚才的事情，都忘了没穿衣服。
⑺飞絮：飘飞的柳絮。北周庾信(xin)《杨柳歌》：“独忆飞絮鹅毛下，非复青丝马尾垂。”现在我就把这宝剑解下来送给你，以表示我今生对你的友情。
3.黯（àn）黯：昏(hun)暗模糊的样子。临洮：古县名，秦(qin)置，治所在今甘肃岷县，以临近洮水得名。秦筑长城，西起于此，故有“昔日长城战”之语(yu)。豺狼虎豹磨牙吮血真叫人不安；毒蛇猛兽杀人如麻即令你胆寒。
护羌校尉：《汉官仪》曰：护羌校尉，武帝置，秩比二千石，持节以护西羌。”汉代拿着符节保护西羌的武官叫“护羌校尉”，这里指唐廷守边的将领。（她那）单薄的衣衫像杏子那样红，头发如小乌鸦那样黑。
⑶“影灭”二句：谓弄玉、箫史二人登仙，人去楼空，只有其事千古流传于秦地。主帅帐中摆酒为归客饯行，胡琴琵琶羌笛合奏来助兴。
205.周幽：周幽王。拂晓，冷清的城中响起凄凉的音乐声。那声音被风一吹，传到垂柳依依的街头巷口。我独自骑在马上，只着一件到单衣裳，感觉有阵阵寒气袭来。看遍路旁垂柳的鹅黄嫩绿，都如同在江南时见过那样的熟悉。
253.惊女：闻一多以为当作“女惊”，“惊”通“警”，警戒的意思。《文选·辨命论》注引《古史考》曰：“伯夷、叔齐……隐于首阳山，采薇而食之。野有妇人谓之曰：‘子义不食周粟，此亦周之草木也。’于是饿死。”这就是“女惊采薇”的故事。

　　第二段从“岁暮百草零”至“惆怅难再述”。这一段，记叙、描写、议论并用。首六句叙上路情形，在初冬十月、十一月之交，半夜动身，清早过骊山，玄宗和贵妃正在华清宫。“蚩尤”两句的旧注多有错误。蚩尤曾经作雾，即用作“雾”的代语，下面说“塞寒空”即是雾。在这里，只见雾塞寒空，雾重故地滑。温泉蒸气郁勃，羽林军校往来如织。骊宫冬晓，气象万千。寥寥数笔，写出了真正的华清宫。“君臣留难娱，乐动殷胶葛”两句亦即白居易《长恨歌》所说的“骊宫高处入青云，仙乐风飘处处闻”。说“君臣留欢娱”，轻轻点过，却把唐玄宗一起拉到浑水里去。上文所谓“尧舜之君”，不过是诗人说说好听，遮遮世人眼罢了。
　　纵观全诗，此诗的首联描写了初春的各种景物，连绵的冬雨过后，春风悄悄地回到人间，吹散浓密的愁云，带来和煦的阳光。阳光照射着静静的南湖，一切都显得那么美好。颔联写初发的杏花，星星点点；湖面上新生的水草绿叶，一片青翠。此联对仗精工，清丽自然。“乱点碎红”与“平铺新绿”，偶对天成，形象鲜明。一“点”一“铺”，一“红”一“绿”，对立相生，极富诗味。尤其“乱点碎红”四字，无一字不情趣盎然，最能体现诗人观察的细致与技巧的成熟。而“发”与“生”的取用，生动地表现了植物的动态与静态。颔联写静态的植物，颈联则描摹动物的情态。白雁羽翅淋雨未干，飞得很低，仍觉得双翅沉重吃力。写“黄鹂”则更切合“早春”，经冬后初发的啼鸣声尚有“舌涩”之感。
　　颔联“谁怜一片影，相失万重云？”境界忽然开阔。高远浩茫的天空中，这小小的孤雁仅是“一片影”，它与雁群相失在“万重云”间，此时此际显得惶急、焦虑和迷茫。“一片”、“万重”对比，构成极大的反差，极言其“孤”。“谁怜”二字直抒胸臆，凝聚了诗人对孤雁的怜悯之情。形象地写出了路远雁孤、同伴难寻的凄苦之情。这一联以“谁怜”二字设问诗人与雁，“物我交融”，浑然一体了。诗人所思念的不单是兄弟，还包括他的亲密的朋友。经历了安史之乱，在那动荡不安的年月里，诗人流落他乡，亲朋离散，天各一方，可他无时不渴望骨肉团聚，无日不梦想知友重逢，这孤零零的雁儿，寄寓了诗人自己的影子。
　　历代咏西施的诗，或将她视为以色媚主，使吴王招致亡国杀身之祸的“尤物”，或将她视为灭吴的第一功臣。这首诗却别出新意，揭露了统治者擅权负义的丑恶行径，称颂了西施的远见卓识。据《吴越春秋》记载，越王勾践为吴王夫差战败被俘后，范蠡用美人计，献西施于吴王，让吴王放越王回国，并使吴王沉湎于酒色，不理朝政。勾践卧薪尝胆，“十年生聚，十年教训”，终得以灭吴，重建霸业。
　　《《除夜》文天祥 古诗》一诗，没有雕琢之语，没有琐碎之句，更无高昂的口号式咏叹。可是，我们仍旧感到心灵的一种强烈震撼。无论时光怎样改变，无论民族构成如何增容扩大，无论道德是非观念几经嬗变，文天祥，作为我们民族精神的象征，作为忠孝节义人格的伟大图腾，万年不朽，颠扑不灭，仍会是在日后无数个世代激励一辈又一辈人的道德典范。