满眼青山未得过，镜中无那鬓丝何。只言旋老转无事，欲到中年事更多。石势浑如掠水飞，渔罾绝壁挂清晖。俯江亭上何人坐？看我扁舟望翠微。凄风淅沥飞严霜，苍鹰上击翻曙光。云披雾裂虹霓断，霹雳掣电捎平冈。砉然劲翮剪荆棘，下攫狐兔腾苍茫。爪毛吻血百鸟逝，独立四顾时激昂。炎风溽暑忽然至，羽翼脱落自摧藏。草中狸鼠足为患，一夕十顾惊且伤。但愿清商复为假，拔去万累云间翔。今日云輧渡鹊桥，应非脉脉与迢迢。游蕲水清泉寺，寺临兰溪，溪水西流。山下兰芽短浸溪，松间沙路净无泥，潇潇暮雨子规啼。(潇潇 一作：萧萧)谁道人生无再少？门前流水尚能西！休将白发唱黄鸡。太史公牛马走司马迁，再拜言。少卿足下：曩者辱赐书，教以慎于接物，推贤进士为务，意气勤勤恳恳。若望仆不相师，而用流俗人之言，仆非敢如此也。仆虽罢驽，亦尝侧闻长者之遗风矣。顾自以为身残处秽，动而见尤，欲益反损，是以独郁悒而无谁语。谚曰：“谁为为之？孰令听之？”盖钟子期死，伯牙终身不复鼓琴。何则？士为知己者用，女为说己者容。若仆大质已亏缺矣，虽材怀随和，行若由夷，终不可以为荣，适足以发笑而自点耳。书辞宜答，会东从上来，又迫贱事，相见日浅，卒卒无须臾之间，得竭指意。今少卿抱不测之罪，涉旬月，迫季冬，仆又薄从上雍，恐卒然不可为讳，是仆终已不得舒愤懑以晓左右，则长逝者魂魄私恨无穷。请略陈固陋。阙然久不报，幸勿为过。仆闻之：修身者，智之符也；爱施者，仁之端也；取予者，义之表也；耻辱者，勇之决也；立名者，行之极也。士有此五者，然后可以托于世，列于君子之林矣。故祸莫憯于欲利，悲莫痛于伤心，行莫丑于辱先，诟莫大于宫刑。刑余之人，无所比数，非一世也，所从来远矣。昔卫灵公与雍渠同载，孔子适陈；商鞅因景监见，赵良寒心；同子参乘，袁丝变色：自古而耻之！夫以中材之人，事有关于宦竖，莫不伤气，而况于慷慨之士乎！如今朝廷虽乏人，奈何令刀锯之余，荐天下之豪俊哉！仆赖先人绪业，得待罪辇毂下，二十余年矣。所以自惟：上之，不能纳忠效信，有奇策材力之誉，自结明主；次之，又不能拾遗补阙，招贤进能，显岩穴之士；外之，不能备行伍，攻城野战，有斩将搴旗之功；下之，不能积日累劳，取尊官厚禄，以为宗族交游光宠。四者无一遂，苟合取容，无所短长之效，可见于此矣。乡者，仆亦尝厕下大夫之列，陪外廷末议。不以此时引维纲，尽思虑，今已亏形为扫除之隶，在阘茸之中，乃欲仰首伸眉，论列是非，不亦轻朝廷、羞当世之士邪？嗟乎！嗟乎！如仆尚何言哉！尚何言哉！且事本末未易明也。仆少负不羁之才，长无乡曲之誉，主上幸以先人之故，使得奉薄伎，出入周卫之中。仆以为戴盆何以望天，故绝宾客之知，忘室家之业，日夜思竭其不肖之材力，务一心营职，以求亲媚于主上。而事乃有大谬不然者！夫仆与李陵俱居门下，素非能相善也。趣舍异路，未尝衔杯酒，接殷勤之余欢。然仆观其为人，自守奇士，事亲孝，与士信，临财廉，取予义，分别有让，恭俭下人，常思奋不顾身，以徇国家之急。其素所蓄积也，仆以为有国士之风。夫人臣出万死不顾一生之计，赴公家之难，斯已奇矣。今举事一不当，而全躯保妻子之臣随而媒孽其短，仆诚私心痛之。且李陵提步卒不满五千，深践戎马之地，足历王庭，垂饵虎口，横挑强胡，仰亿万之师，与单于连战十有余日，所杀过当。虏救死扶伤不给，旃裘之君长咸震怖，乃悉征其左、右贤王，举引弓之民，一国共攻而围之。转斗千里，矢尽道穷，救兵不至，士卒死伤如积。然陵一唿劳军，士无不起，躬自流涕，沬血饮泣，更张空弮，冒白刃，北首争死敌者。陵未没时，使有来报，汉公卿王侯皆奉觞上寿。后数日，陵败书闻，主上为之食不甘味，听朝不怡。大臣忧惧，不知所出。仆窃不自料其卑贱，见主上惨凄怛悼，诚欲效其款款之愚，以为李陵素与士大夫绝甘分少，能得人之死力，虽古之名将，不能过也。身虽陷败，彼观其意，且欲得其当而报于汉。事已无可奈何，其所摧败，功亦足以暴于天下矣。仆怀欲陈之，而未有路，适会召问，即以此指，推言陵之功，欲以广主上之意，塞睚眦之辞。未能尽明，明主不晓，以为仆沮贰师，而为李陵游说，遂下于理。拳拳之忠，终不能自列。因为诬上，卒从吏议。家贫，货赂不足以自赎，交游莫救，左右亲近不为一言。身非木石，独与法吏为伍，深幽囹圄之中，谁可告愬者！此真少卿所亲见，仆行事岂不然乎？李陵既生降，隤其家声，而仆又佴之蚕室，重为天下观笑。悲夫！悲夫！事未易一二为俗人言也。仆之先非有剖符丹书之功，文史星历，近乎卜祝之间，固主上所戏弄，倡优所畜，流俗之所轻也。假令仆伏法受诛，若九牛亡一毛，与蝼蚁何以异？而世又不与能死节者比，特以为智穷罪极，不能自免，卒就死耳。何也？素所自树立使然也。人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛，用之所趋异也。太上不辱先，其次不辱身，其次不辱理色，其次不辱辞令，其次诎体受辱，其次易服受辱，其次关木索、被箠楚受辱，其次剔毛发、婴金铁受辱，其次毁肌肤、断肢体受辱，最下腐刑极矣！传曰“刑不上大夫。”此言士节不可不勉厉也。勐虎在深山，百兽震恐，及在槛阱之中，摇尾而求食，积威约之渐也。故士有画地为牢，势不可入；削木为吏，议不可对，定计于鲜也。今交手足，受木索，暴肌肤，受榜箠，幽于圜墙之中。当此之时，见狱吏则头抢地，视徒隶则心惕息。何者？积威约之势也。及以至是，言不辱者，所谓强颜耳，曷足贵乎！且西伯，伯也，拘于羑里；李斯，相也，具于五刑；淮阴，王也，受械于陈；彭越、张敖，南面称孤，系狱抵罪；绛侯诛诸吕，权倾五伯，囚于请室；魏其，大将也，衣赭衣，关三木；季布为朱家钳奴；灌夫受辱于居室。此人皆身至王侯将相，声闻邻国，及罪至罔加，不能引决自裁，在尘埃之中。古今一体，安在其不辱也？由此言之，勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。审矣，何足怪乎？夫人不能早自裁绳墨之外，以稍陵迟，至于鞭箠之间，乃欲引节，斯不亦远乎！古人所以重施刑于大夫者，殆为此也。夫人情莫不贪生恶死，念父母，顾妻子，至激于义理者不然，乃有所不得已也。今仆不幸，早失父母，无兄弟之亲，独身孤立，少卿视仆于妻子何如哉？且勇者不必死节，怯夫慕义，何处不勉焉！仆虽怯懦，欲苟活，亦颇识去就之分矣，何至自沉溺缧绁之辱哉！且夫臧获婢妾，犹能引决，况仆之不得已乎？所以隐忍苟活，幽于粪土之中而不辞者，恨私心有所不尽，鄙陋没世，而文采不表于后也。古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜记，唯倜傥非常之人称焉。盖文王拘而演《周易》；仲尼厄而作《春秋》；屈原放逐，乃赋《离骚》；左丘失明，厥有《国语》；孙子膑脚，《兵法》修列；不韦迁蜀，世传《吕览》；韩非囚秦，《说难》《孤愤》；《诗》三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。此人皆意有所郁结，不得通其道，故述往事、思来者。乃如左丘无目，孙子断足，终不可用，退而论书策，以舒其愤，思垂空文以自见。仆窃不逊，近自托于无能之辞，网罗天下放失旧闻，略考其行事，综其终始，稽其成败兴坏之纪，上计轩辕，下至于兹，为十表，本纪十二，书八章，世家三十，列传七十，凡百三十篇。亦欲以究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。草创未就，会遭此祸，惜其不成，是以就极刑而无愠色。仆诚以着此书，藏之名山，传之其人，通邑大都，则仆偿前辱之责，虽万被戮，岂有悔哉！然此可为智者道，难为俗人言也！且负下未易居，下流多谤议。仆以口语遇遭此祸，重为乡党所笑，以污辱先人，亦何面目复上父母之丘墓乎？虽累百世，垢弥甚耳！是以肠一日而九回，居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知其所往。每念斯耻，汗未尝不发背沾衣也！身直为闺阁之臣，宁得自引深藏于岩穴邪？故且从俗浮沉，与时俯仰，以通其狂惑。今少卿乃教以推贤进士，无乃与仆私心剌谬乎？今虽欲自雕琢，曼辞以自饰，无益，于俗不信，适足取辱耳。要之，死日然后是非乃定。书不能悉意，故略陈固陋。谨再拜。古婵娟，苍鬟素靥，盈盈瞰流水。断魂十里。叹绀缕飘零，难系离思。故山岁晚谁堪寄。琅玕聊自倚。谩记我、绿蓑冲雪，孤舟寒浪里。三花两蕊破蒙茸，依依似有恨，明珠轻委。云卧稳，蓝衣正、护春憔悴。罗浮梦、半蟾挂晓，幺凤冷、山中人乍起。又唤取、玉奴归去，余香空翠被。独坐悲双鬓，空堂欲二更。雨中山果落，灯下草虫鸣。白发终难变，黄金不可成。欲知除老病，唯有学无生。落魄三月罢，寻花去东家。谁作送春曲，洛岸悲铜驼。桥南多马客，北山饶古人。客饮杯中酒，驼悲千万春。生世莫徒劳，风吹盘上烛。厌见桃株笑，铜驼夜来哭。绿橘梢头几点春。似留香蕊送行人。明朝紫凤朝天路，十二重城五碧云。歌渐咽，酒初醺。尽将红泪湿湘裙。赣江西畔从今日，明月清风忆使君。

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she yi lu .wei chang xian bei jiu .jie yin qin zhi yu huan .ran pu guan qi wei ren .zi shou qi shi .shi qin xiao .yu shi xin .lin cai lian .qu yu yi .fen bie you rang .gong jian xia ren .chang si fen bu gu shen .yi xun guo jia zhi ji .qi su suo xu ji ye .pu yi wei you guo shi zhi feng .fu ren chen chu wan si bu gu yi sheng zhi ji .fu gong jia zhi nan .si yi qi yi .jin ju shi yi bu dang .er quan qu bao qi zi zhi chen sui er mei nie qi duan .pu cheng si xin tong zhi .qie li ling ti bu zu bu man wu qian .shen jian rong ma zhi di .zu li wang ting .chui er hu kou .heng tiao qiang hu .yang yi wan zhi shi .yu dan yu lian zhan shi you yu ri .suo sha guo dang .lu jiu si fu shang bu gei .zhan qiu zhi jun chang xian zhen bu .nai xi zheng qi zuo .you xian wang .ju yin gong zhi min .yi guo gong gong er wei zhi .zhuan dou qian li .shi jin dao qiong .jiu bing bu zhi .shi zu si shang ru ji .ran ling yi hu lao jun .shi wu bu qi .gong zi liu ti .mei xue yin qi .geng zhang kong juan .mao bai ren .bei shou zheng si di zhe .ling wei mei shi .shi you lai bao .han gong qing wang hou jie feng shang shang shou .hou shu ri .ling bai shu wen .zhu shang wei zhi shi bu gan wei .ting chao bu yi .da chen you ju .bu zhi suo chu .pu qie bu zi liao qi bei jian .jian zhu shang can qi da dao .cheng yu xiao qi kuan kuan zhi yu .yi wei li ling su yu shi da fu jue gan fen shao .neng de ren zhi si li .sui gu zhi ming jiang .bu neng guo ye .shen sui xian bai .bi guan qi yi .qie yu de qi dang er bao yu han .shi yi wu ke nai he .qi suo cui bai .gong yi zu yi bao yu tian xia yi .pu huai yu chen zhi .er wei you lu .shi hui zhao wen .ji yi ci zhi .tui yan ling zhi gong .yu yi guang zhu shang zhi yi .sai ya zi zhi ci .wei neng jin ming .ming zhu bu xiao .yi wei pu ju er shi .er wei li ling you shuo .sui xia yu li .quan quan zhi zhong .zhong bu neng zi lie .yin wei wu shang .zu cong li yi .jia pin .huo lu bu zu yi zi shu .jiao you mo jiu .zuo you qin jin bu wei yi yan .shen fei mu shi .du yu fa li wei wu .shen you ling yu zhi zhong .shui ke gao su zhe .ci zhen shao qing suo qin jian .pu xing shi qi bu ran hu .li ling ji sheng jiang .tui qi jia sheng .er pu you er zhi can shi .zhong wei tian xia guan xiao .bei fu .bei fu .shi wei yi yi er wei su ren yan ye .pu zhi xian fei you po fu dan shu zhi gong .wen shi xing li .jin hu bo zhu zhi jian .gu zhu shang suo xi nong .chang you suo xu .liu su zhi suo qing ye .jia ling pu fu fa shou zhu .ruo jiu niu wang yi mao .yu lou yi he yi yi .er shi you bu yu neng si jie zhe bi .te yi wei zhi qiong zui ji .bu neng zi mian .zu jiu si er .he ye .su suo zi shu li shi ran ye .ren gu you yi si .huo zhong yu tai shan .huo qing yu hong mao .yong zhi suo qu yi ye .tai shang bu ru xian .qi ci bu ru shen .qi ci bu ru li se .qi ci bu ru ci ling .qi ci qu ti shou ru .qi ci yi fu shou ru .qi ci guan mu suo .bei chui chu shou ru .qi ci ti mao fa .ying jin tie shou ru .qi ci hui ji fu .duan zhi ti shou ru .zui xia fu xing ji yi .chuan yue .xing bu shang da fu ..ci yan shi jie bu ke bu mian li ye .meng hu zai shen shan .bai shou zhen kong .ji zai jian jing zhi zhong .yao wei er qiu shi .ji wei yue zhi jian ye .gu shi you hua di wei lao .shi bu ke ru .xiao mu wei li .yi bu ke dui .ding ji yu xian ye .jin jiao shou zu .shou mu suo .bao ji fu .shou bang chui .you yu yuan qiang zhi zhong .dang ci zhi shi .jian yu li ze tou qiang di .shi tu li ze xin ti xi .he zhe .ji wei yue zhi shi ye .ji yi zhi shi .yan bu ru zhe .suo wei qiang yan er .he zu gui hu .qie xi bo .bo ye .ju yu you li .li si .xiang ye .ju yu wu xing .huai yin .wang ye .shou xie yu chen .peng yue .zhang ao .nan mian cheng gu .xi yu di zui .jiang hou zhu zhu lv .quan qing wu bo .qiu yu qing shi .wei qi .da jiang ye .yi zhe yi .guan san mu .ji bu wei zhu jia qian nu .guan fu shou ru yu ju shi .ci ren jie shen zhi wang hou jiang xiang .sheng wen lin guo .ji zui zhi wang jia .bu neng yin jue zi cai .zai chen ai zhi zhong .gu jin yi ti .an zai qi bu ru ye .you ci yan zhi .yong qie .shi ye .qiang ruo .xing ye .shen yi .he zu guai hu .fu ren bu neng zao zi cai sheng mo zhi wai .yi shao ling chi .zhi yu bian chui zhi jian .nai yu yin jie .si bu yi yuan hu .gu ren suo yi zhong shi xing yu da fu zhe .dai wei ci ye .fu ren qing mo bu tan sheng e si .nian fu mu .gu qi zi .zhi ji yu yi li zhe bu ran .nai you suo bu de yi ye .jin pu bu xing .zao shi fu mu .wu xiong di zhi qin .du shen gu li .shao qing shi pu yu qi zi he ru zai .qie yong zhe bu bi si jie .qie fu mu yi .he chu bu mian yan .pu sui qie nuo .yu gou huo .yi po shi qu jiu zhi fen yi .he zhi zi chen ni lei xie zhi ru zai .qie fu zang huo bi qie .you neng yin jue .kuang pu zhi bu de yi hu .suo yi yin ren gou huo .you yu fen tu zhi zhong er bu ci zhe .hen si xin you suo bu jin .bi lou mei shi .er wen cai bu biao yu hou ye .gu zhe fu gui er ming mo mie .bu ke sheng ji .wei ti tang fei chang zhi ren cheng yan .gai wen wang ju er yan .zhou yi ..zhong ni e er zuo .chun qiu ..qu yuan fang zhu .nai fu .li sao ..zuo qiu shi ming .jue you .guo yu ..sun zi bin jiao ..bing fa .xiu lie .bu wei qian shu .shi chuan .lv lan ..han fei qiu qin ..shuo nan ..gu fen ...shi .san bai pian .da di sheng xian fa fen zhi suo wei zuo ye .ci ren jie yi you suo yu jie .bu de tong qi dao .gu shu wang shi .si lai zhe .nai ru zuo qiu wu mu .sun zi duan zu .zhong bu ke yong .tui er lun shu ce .yi shu qi fen .si chui kong wen yi zi jian .pu qie bu xun .jin zi tuo yu wu neng zhi ci .wang luo tian xia fang shi jiu wen .lue kao qi xing shi .zong qi zhong shi .ji qi cheng bai xing huai zhi ji .shang ji xuan yuan .xia zhi yu zi .wei shi biao .ben ji shi er .shu ba zhang .shi jia san shi .lie chuan qi shi .fan bai san shi pian .yi yu yi jiu tian ren zhi ji .tong gu jin zhi bian .cheng yi jia zhi yan .cao chuang wei jiu .hui zao ci huo .xi qi bu cheng .shi yi jiu ji xing er wu yun se .pu cheng yi zhuo ci shu .cang zhi ming shan .chuan zhi qi ren .tong yi da du .ze pu chang qian ru zhi ze .sui wan bei lu .qi you hui zai .ran ci ke wei zhi zhe dao .nan wei su ren yan ye .qie fu xia wei yi ju .xia liu duo bang yi .pu yi kou yu yu zao ci huo .zhong wei xiang dang suo xiao .yi wu ru xian ren .yi he mian mu fu shang fu mu zhi qiu mu hu .sui lei bai shi .gou mi shen er .shi yi chang yi ri er jiu hui .ju ze hu hu ruo you suo wang .chu ze bu zhi qi suo wang .mei nian si chi .han wei chang bu fa bei zhan yi ye .shen zhi wei gui ge zhi chen .ning de zi yin shen cang yu yan xue xie .gu qie cong su fu chen .yu shi fu yang .yi tong qi kuang huo .jin shao qing nai jiao yi tui xian jin shi .wu nai yu pu si xin la miu hu .jin sui yu zi diao zhuo .man ci yi zi shi .wu yi .yu su bu xin .shi zu qu ru er .yao zhi .si ri ran hou shi fei nai ding .shu bu neng xi yi .gu lue chen gu lou .jin zai bai .gu chan juan .cang huan su ye .ying ying kan liu shui .duan hun shi li .tan gan lv piao ling .nan xi li si .gu shan sui wan shui kan ji .lang gan liao zi yi .man ji wo .lv suo chong xue .gu zhou han lang li .san hua liang rui po meng rong .yi yi si you hen .ming zhu qing wei .yun wo wen .lan yi zheng .hu chun qiao cui .luo fu meng .ban chan gua xiao .yao feng leng .shan zhong ren zha qi .you huan qu .yu nu gui qu .yu xiang kong cui bei .du zuo bei shuang bin .kong tang yu er geng .yu zhong shan guo luo .deng xia cao chong ming .bai fa zhong nan bian .huang jin bu ke cheng .yu zhi chu lao bing .wei you xue wu sheng .luo po san yue ba .xun hua qu dong jia .shui zuo song chun qu .luo an bei tong tuo .qiao nan duo ma ke .bei shan rao gu ren .ke yin bei zhong jiu .tuo bei qian wan chun .sheng shi mo tu lao .feng chui pan shang zhu .yan jian tao zhu xiao .tong tuo ye lai ku .lv ju shao tou ji dian chun .si liu xiang rui song xing ren .ming chao zi feng chao tian lu .shi er zhong cheng wu bi yun .ge jian yan .jiu chu xun .jin jiang hong lei shi xiang qun .gan jiang xi pan cong jin ri .ming yue qing feng yi shi jun .

浓浓一片灿烂春景，
11、孟尝：即孟尝君，齐国贵族田文。回乐峰前的(de)沙地白得像雪，受降城外的月(yue)色有如秋霜。
耳：语气词。经过不周山向左转去啊(a)，我的目的地已指定西海。
50、阮嗣宗：阮籍，字嗣宗，与嵇康同为“竹林七贤”之一。不拘礼法，常用醉酒的办法，以“口不臧否人物”来避祸。玉洁冰清的风骨是自然的，哪里会去理会那些瘴雾，它自有一种仙人的风度。海上之仙人时不时派遣来探视芬芳的花丛(cong)，那倒挂着绿羽装点的凤儿。
⑵虎符：古代调兵之符信。多为虎形，一剖为二，一半留京师，一半给地方将帅，必须二者相合方能发兵。专城：古代州牧、太守称专城。小男孩准备鱼饵，妻子搓丝准备做钓鱼线，
12、女艾：少康臣。谍：暗地察看。季杼：少康的儿子。豷：浇的弟弟。戈：豷的封国。　　“不幸文公去逝，穆公不怀好意蔑视我们故去的国君，轻视我们襄公，侵扰我们的淆地，断绝同中国的友好，攻打我们的城堡，灭绝我们的滑国，离间我们兄弟国家的关系，扰乱我们的盟邦，颠覆我们的国家。我们襄公没有忘记秦君以往的功劳，却又害怕国家灭亡，所以才有淆地的战斗。我们是希望穆公宽免我们的罪过，穆公不同意，反而亲近楚国来算计我们。老天有眼，楚成王丧了命，穆公因此没有使侵犯中国的图谋得逞。
⑺报道：回答道，报，回报，回答。去：一作“出”。乍一看她，好像是在越溪浣纱的美女西施，又宛如碧(bi)玉，媲美美人丽华。
⑷暴（pù）：同“曝”，晒。弯弯的勾月悬挂在疏落的梧桐(tong)树上；夜阑人静，漏壶的水早已滴光了。有谁见到幽人独自往来，仿佛天边孤雁般飘渺的身(shen)影。
没有风，小院里也没有落叶，几只虫子相对，正在吐丝。望弯弯淡虹，像是挂在小西楼上似的，鹁鸠因彩虹出现而尽情地鸣噪追逐。
⑺这两句说：这才知道柳宗元的话不差，只有得病的人才会把土炭当作美味。这里承上句谓石苍舒视墨汁如美酒而言。柳宗元曾说，他见过一位内脏有病的人，竟想吃土炭和酸碱之物，吃不到就很难受；凡是溺爱文辞、擅长书法的人，都像得了这种怪癖症。斗柄的轴绳系在何处？天极遥远延伸到何方？
明星稀：星星稀少，指破晓(xiao)时分。

　　全诗可分两段。前六句叙事，用铺垫的手法写明妃的美貌。后四句议论，指出媸妍颠倒的不合理现象，为太白自叹遭谗被斥。
　　本篇故事新咏诗，与晋唐朝诗风格调有异，一是重整体脉络而不作具体描绘，二是叙述以议论出，语意出新取胜，虽诗晚出，然极富新意，体现了宋诗的特色。北宋王安石作《《桃源行》王安石 古诗》，则自创新格，以议论为特点，浓缩陶渊明诗意，精炼词句，独造名句，运思谋篇上胜过了前人。
　　起句“临水一长啸”采用情感迸发式的写法领起全篇，把临水《垂钓》白居易 古诗与发泄悲愤情绪融合起来，痛定思痛、长歌当哭的诗人形象跃然纸上，给人以震撼灵魂的感染力。
　　纪行诗自然会写到山川风物，但它之所以吸引人，往往不单纯由于写出了优美的景色，而是由于在写景中传出诗人在特定情况下的一片心绪。这种由景物与心境的契合神会所构成的风调美，常常是纪行诗（特别是小诗）具有艺术魅力的一个奥秘。
　　诗的最后是发议论，这是白居易许多讽谕诗的共同路数。这首诗的议论不是直接指向社会病根，而是表现为自疚自愧，这也是一种对整个官僚贵族社会的隐约批评。白居易才是一个三百石的小小县尉呀，那些大官僚、大贵族们难道不应该有更大的自疚自愧吗！赋税是皇帝管的，白居易无法公开反对，他只能用这种结尾来达到讽谕的目的。
　　第四段写览物而喜者。以“至若”领起，打开了一个阳光灿烂的画面。“至若”尽管也是列举性的语气，但从音节上已变得高亢嘹亮，格调上已变得明快有力。下面的描写，虽然仍为四字短句，色调却为之一变，绘出春风和畅、景色明丽、水天一碧的良辰美景。更有鸥鸟在自由翱翔，鱼儿在欢快游荡，连无知的水草兰花也充满活力。作者以极为简练的笔墨，描摹出一幅湖光春色图，读之如在眼前。值得注意的是，这一段的句式、节奏与上一段大体相仿，却也另有变奏。“而或”一句就进一步扩展了意境，增强了叠加咏叹的意味，把“喜洋洋”的气氛推向高潮，而“登斯楼也”的心境也变成了“宠辱偕忘”的超脱和“把酒临风”的挥洒自如。
　　七、八、九、十这四句为第三层。这层写官家对农民巧立名目的盘剥，感情则由喜转悲，形成一个大的波澜，既显出文势跌宕之美，又增强了作品揭露现实的深度。“麦收上场绢在轴，的知输得官家足”，写麦、茧丰收的结果。“轴”，指织绢的机轴。丰收，本来应该给田家带来丰衣足食的生活，事实却非如此。麦打成粮，蚕茧织成绢丝，农民却无法自己享受这些劳动成果，而不得不把粮、绢的大部分送给官家缴纳赋税。“的知”一句为神来之笔。这句诗把农民一次次缴纳苛捐杂税，但不知是否还有新的赋税要缴的心理，刻画得维妙维肖。“不望”两句，更为沉痛。农民在丰收的年景里，并不指望打下的粮食自己吃，织好的绢自己穿，只指望能免除到城里卖黄犊，以缴纳横敛之灾就行了。那么，农民自己吃什么，穿什么，是可以想见的。这种对农民丰年却衣食无着的客观表现，有力地控诉了中唐时期的黑暗现实。