声透笙歌羯鼓干。散后便依书箧寐，渴来潜想玉壶寒。月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。当年识君初，指期非一朝。今辰见君意，日暮何萧条。中秋近也，正于门瑞气，匆匆时节。隔岁维熊占吉梦，今夕天生英杰。仙籍流芳，瑞龙毓秀，应是非凡骨。诗书勋业，妙龄行见英发。吏隐丛祠聊寄傲，胸襟半是湖山。此君端可助跻攀。支颐从鹤立，拱膝看鳌翻。金塘瑞溢，爱琉璃十顷，风漪摇碧。玉女三千擎翠盖，簇拥芙容仙伯。鸾鹤回翔，龙蛇飞动，醉墨挥仙笔。磨崖书寿，分明知是今日。自叹筑墙的曾入高宗梦，钓鱼的也应飞熊梦。受贫的是个凄凉梦，做官的是个荣华梦。笑煞人也末歌，笑煞人也末哥，梦中又说人间梦。去年今日题诗处，佳人才子相逢处。世间多少伤心处，人面不知归何处。望不见也末哥，望不见也末哥，绿窗空对花深处。四景春寻芳竹坞花溪边醉，夏乘舟柳岸莲塘上醉，秋登高菊径枫林下醉，冬藏钩暖阁红炉前醉。快活也末哥，快活也末哥，四时风月皆宜醉。桃花开院宇中欢欢喜喜醉，芰荷香池沼边朝朝日日醉，金菊浓篱落畔醺醺沉沉醉，蜡梅芳庾岭前来来往往醉。醉来也末哥，醉来也末哥，醉儿醒醒儿醉。失题呜呀呀寒雁空中叫，扑冬冬禁鼓楼头报，淅零零疏雨窗间哨，吉丁当铁马檐前闹。睡不着也末哥，睡不着也末哥，纵然有梦还惊觉。悲秋叮叮噹噹铁马儿乞留玎琅闹，啾啾唧唧促织依柔依然叫，滴滴点点细雨儿淅零淅留哨，潇潇洒洒梧叶儿失流疏剌落。睡不着也末哥，睡不着也末哥，孤孤另另单枕上迷彪模登靠。日透珠帘见冕旒，六宫争逐百花球。挂冠，弃官，偷走下连云栈。湖山佳处屋两间，掩映垂杨岸。满地白云，东风吹散，却遮了一半山。严子陵钓滩，韩元帅将坛，那一个无忧患？柳堤，竹溪，日影筛金翠。杖藜徐步近钓矶，看鸥鹭闲游戏。农父渔翁，贪营活计，不知他在图画里。对着这般景致，坐的，便无酒也令人醉。自劾，退归，用不着风云气。疏狂迂阔拙又痴，今日才回味。玩水游山，身无拘系，这的是三十年落的。翠微，更奇，知道我闲居意。玉田，翠烟，鸾鹤声相唤。青山摇动水底大，把沙鸟都惊散。物外风光，同谁游玩？有蓬莱海上仙。绰然，四边，滚滚云撩乱。牧笛，酒旗，社鼓喧天擂。田翁对客喜可知？醉舞头巾坠。老子年来，逢场作戏，趁欢娱饮数杯。醉归，月黑，尽踏得云烟碎。翠微，四围，无一点尘俗气。水声不解说是非，到处相寻觅。想为吾侬，心灰名利，他也要相陪闲坐的。寝食，不离，倒殢得人先醉。日居，月诸，断送了人无数。自从开辟君试数，那个不到邙山路？何况吾侬。些儿名誉，向电光中谁做主？据着这老夫，志趣，把乌兔常拴住。恰阴，却晴，来往云无定。湖光山色晦复明，会把人调弄。一段幽奇，将何酬应？吐新诗字字清。锦莺，数声，又唤起游山兴。锦屏，翠屏，极目山无尽。白云忽向树杪生，似林影波光定。故把清风，遮映摇动，水和山俱有声。兴清，半晴，天意也还相应。咏四景春远村，近村，烟蔼都遮尽。阴阴林树晓未分，时听黄鹂韵。竹杖芒鞋，行穿花径，约渔樵共赏春。日新，又新，是老子山林兴。夏自酌，自歌，自把新诗和。人间甲子一任他，壶里干坤大。流水当门，青山围座，每日家叫三十声闲快活。就着这绿蓑，醉呵，向云锦香中卧。秋就咏水仙妆白菊花此花，甚佳，淡秋色东篱下。人间凡卉不似他，倒傲得风霜怕。玉蕊珑葱，琼枝低压，雪香春何足夸。羡煞，爱煞，端的是觑一觑千金价。冬此杯，莫推，雪片儿云间坠。火炉头上酒自煨，直吃的醺醺醉。不避风寒，将诗寻觅。笑襄阳老子痴，近着这剡溪，夜黑，险冻的来不得。回首便辞尘土世，彩云新换六铢衣。

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yi er .yu shi liu yi jin wei yi .ling yi zhi yu liang .chen jian .lv bu guo chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yi .feng xue hua cao zhi wu .san bai pian zhong qi she zhi hu .gu suo yong he ru er .she ru .bei feng qi liang ..jia feng yi ci wei nue ..yu xue fei fei ..yin xue yi min zheng yi ..tang di zhi hua ..gan hua yi feng xiong di ..cai cai fu yi ..mei cao yi le you zi ye .jie xing fa yu ci er yi gui yu bi .fan shi zhe .ke hu zai .ran ze .yu xia san cheng qi .cheng jiang jing ru lian ...gui hua xian wei lu .bie ye zha ci feng .zhi shi .li ze li yi .wu bu zhi qi suo feng yan .gu pu suo wei chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yu shi liu yi jin qu yi .tang xing er bai nian .qi jian shi ren bu ke sheng shu .suo ke ju zhe .chen zi ang you .gan yu shi .er shi shou .bao fang .gan xing shi .shi wu pian .you shi zhi hao zhe .shi cheng li .du .li zhi zuo .cai yi .qi yi .ren bu dai yi .suo qi feng ya bi xing .shi wu yi yan .du shi zui duo .ke chuan zhe qian yu shou .zhi yu guan chuan gu jin 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qing wei zuo you zhong yan zhi .fan wen pu .he yu shi ..zhong kou ji ji .yi wei fei yi yi .wen pu .ku kong kan shi ..zhong mian mai mai .jin bu yue yi .wen .qin zhong yin ..ze quan hao gui jin zhe .xiang mu er bian se yi .wen .deng le you yuan .ji zu xia shi .ze zhi zheng bing zhe e wan yi .wen .su zi ge cun .shi .ze wo jun yao zhe qie chi yi .da lv ru ci .bu ke bian ju .bu xiang yu zhe .hao wei gu yu .hao wei di jie .hao wei shan bang .gou xiang yu zhe .ze ru niu seng ru zhi jie yan .nai zhi gu rou qi nu .jie yi wo wei fei ye .qi bu wo fei zhe .ju shi bu guo san liang ren .you deng fang zhe .jian pu shi er xi .wu he fang si .you tang qu zhe .jian pu shi er qi .wei ji er qu si .qi yu ji zu xia .zu xia you shi nian lai kun zhi ruo ci .wu hu .qi liu yi si shi zhi feng .tian jiang po huai .bu ke zhi chi ye .yi you bu zhi tian yi bu yu shi xia ren bing ku wen yu shang ye .bu ran .he you zhi yu shi zhe .bu li ruo ci zhi shen ye .ran pu you zi si guan dong yi nan zi er .chu du shu shu wen 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bu lai ye .wei wu bao .wei ming hong .ji xi liao xi .feng shen er tui .jin tui chu chu .he wang er bu zi de zai .gu pu zhi zai jian ji .xing zai du shan .feng er shi zhong zhi ze wei dao .yan er fa ming zhi ze wei shi .wei zhi feng yu shi .jian ji zhi zhi ye .wei zhi xian shi shi .du shan zhi yi ye .gu lan pu shi zhe .zhi pu zhi dao yan .qi yu za lv shi .huo you yu yi shi yi wu .fa yu yi xiao yi yin .lv ran cheng zhang .fei ping sheng suo shang zhe .dan yi qin peng he san zhi ji .qu qi shi hen zuo huan .jin quan ci zhi jian .wei neng shan qu .ta shi you wei wo bian ji si wen zhe .lue zhi ke ye .wei zhi .fu gui er jian mu .rong gu lou jin .ren zhi da qing ye .pu bu neng yuan zheng gu jiu .ru jin sui wei su zhou ge xing .cai li zhi wai .po jin xing feng .qi wu yan shi .you gao ya xian dan .zi cheng yi jia zhi ti .jin zhi bing bi zhe shui neng ji zhi .ran dang su zhou zai shi .ren yi wei shen ai zhong .bi dai shen hou .ren shi gui zhi .jin pu zhi shi .ren suo ai zhe .xi bu guo za lv shi yu .chang hen ge .yi xia er .shi zhi suo zhong .pu zhi suo qing .zhi yu feng yu zhe .yi ji er yan zhi .xian shi zhe .si dan er ci you .yi zhi he you .yi ren zhi bu ai ye .jin suo ai zhe .bing shi er sheng .du zu xia er .ran bai qian nian hou .an zhi fu wu ru zu xia zhe chu .er zhi ai wo shi zai .gu zi ba jiu nian lai .yu zu xia xiao tong ze yi shi xiang jie .xiao qiong ze yi shi xiang mian .suo ju ze yi shi xiang wei .tong chu ze yi shi xiang yu .zhi wu zui wu .lv yi shi ye .ru jin nian chun you cheng nan shi .yu zu xia ma shang xiang xi .yin ge song xin yan xiao lv .bu za ta pian .zi huang zi bei gui zhao guo li .die yin di chang .bu jue sheng zhe er shi li yu .pan .li zai bang .wu suo cuo kou .zhi wo zhe yi wei shi xian .bu zhi wo zhe yi wei shi mo .he ze .lao xin ling .yi sheng qi .lian chao jie xi .bu zi zhi qi ku .fei mo er he .ou tong ren dang mei jing .huo hua shi yan ba .huo yue ye jiu han .yi yong yi yin .bu jue lao zhi jiang zhi .sui can luan he .you peng ying zhe zhi shi .wu yi jia yu ci yan .you fei xian er he .wei zhi .wei zhi .ci wu suo yi yu zu xia wai xing hai .tuo zong ji .ao xuan ding .qing ren huan zhe .you yi ci ye .dang ci zhi shi .zu xia xing you yu li .qie yu yu pu xi suo huan wang zhong shi .qu qi you chang zhe .ru zhang shi ba gu le fu .li er shi xin ge xing .lu .yang er mi shu lv shi .dou qi .yuan ba jue ju .bo sou jing duo .bian er ci zhi .hao wei .yuan bai wang huan ji ..zhong jun zi de ni yi yu ci zhe .mo bu yong yue xin xi .yi wei sheng shi .jie hu .yan wei zhong er zu xia zuo zhuan .bu shu yue er pu you ji xing .xin qi suo ran .he ri cheng jiu .you ke wei zhi tai xi yi .pu chang yu zu xia .fan ren wei wen .si yu zi shi .bu ren yu ge jie .huo shi yu fan duo .qi jian yan chi .yi you zi huo .bi dai jiao you you gong jian wu gu xi zhe .tao lun er xiao duo zhi .ran hou fan jian dang fou .de qi zhong yi .kuang pu yu zu xia .wei wen you huan qi duo .ji shang bing .kuang ta ren hu .jin qie ge zuan shi bi .cu wei juan di .dai yu zu xia xiang jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .dang nian shi jun chu .zhi qi fei yi chao .jin chen jian jun yi .ri mu he xiao tiao .zhong qiu jin ye .zheng yu men rui qi .cong cong shi jie .ge sui wei xiong zhan ji meng .jin xi tian sheng ying jie .xian ji liu fang .rui long yu xiu .ying shi fei fan gu .shi shu xun ye .miao ling xing jian ying fa .li yin cong ci liao ji ao .xiong jin ban shi hu shan .ci jun duan ke zhu ji pan .zhi yi cong he li .gong xi kan ao fan .jin tang rui yi .ai liu li shi qing .feng yi yao bi .yu nv san qian qing cui gai .cu yong fu rong xian bo .luan he hui xiang .long she fei dong .zui mo hui xian bi .mo ya shu shou .fen ming zhi shi jin ri .zi tan zhu qiang de zeng ru gao zong meng .diao yu de ye ying fei xiong meng .shou pin de shi ge qi liang meng .zuo guan de shi ge rong hua meng .xiao sha ren ye mo ge .xiao sha ren ye mo ge .meng zhong you shuo ren jian meng .qu nian jin ri ti shi chu .jia ren cai zi xiang feng chu .shi jian duo shao shang xin chu .ren mian bu zhi gui he chu .wang bu jian ye mo ge .wang bu jian ye mo ge .lv chuang kong dui hua shen chu .si jing chun xun fang zhu wu hua xi bian zui .xia cheng zhou liu an lian tang shang zui .qiu deng gao ju jing feng lin xia zui .dong cang gou nuan ge hong lu qian zui .kuai huo ye mo ge .kuai huo ye mo ge .si shi feng yue jie yi zui .tao hua kai yuan yu zhong huan huan xi xi zui .ji he xiang chi zhao bian chao chao ri ri zui .jin ju nong li luo pan xun xun chen chen zui .la mei fang yu ling qian lai lai wang wang zui .zui lai ye mo ge .zui lai ye mo ge .zui er xing xing er zui .shi ti wu ya ya han yan kong zhong jiao .pu dong dong jin gu lou tou bao .xi ling ling shu yu chuang jian shao .ji ding dang tie ma yan qian nao .shui bu zhuo ye mo ge .shui bu zhuo ye mo ge .zong ran you meng huan jing jue .bei qiu ding ding dang dang tie ma er qi liu ding lang nao .jiu jiu ji ji cu zhi yi rou yi ran jiao .di di dian dian xi yu er xi ling xi liu shao .xiao xiao sa sa wu ye er shi liu shu la luo .shui bu zhuo ye mo ge .shui bu zhuo ye mo ge .gu gu ling ling dan zhen shang mi biao mo deng kao .ri tou zhu lian jian mian liu .liu gong zheng zhu bai hua qiu .gua guan .qi guan .tou zou xia lian yun zhan .hu shan jia chu wu liang jian .yan ying chui yang an .man di bai yun .dong feng chui san .que zhe liao yi ban shan .yan zi ling diao tan .han yuan shuai jiang tan .na yi ge wu you huan .liu di .zhu xi .ri ying shai jin cui .zhang li xu bu jin diao ji .kan ou lu xian you xi .nong fu yu weng .tan ying huo ji .bu zhi ta zai tu hua li .dui zhuo zhe ban jing zhi .zuo de .bian wu jiu ye ling ren zui .zi he .tui gui .yong bu zhuo feng yun qi .shu kuang you kuo zhuo you chi .jin ri cai hui wei .wan shui you shan .shen wu ju xi .zhe de shi san shi nian luo de .cui wei .geng qi .zhi dao wo xian ju yi .yu tian .cui yan .luan he sheng xiang huan .qing shan yao dong shui di da .ba sha niao du jing san .wu wai feng guang .tong shui you wan .you peng lai hai shang xian .chuo ran .si bian .gun gun yun liao luan .mu di .jiu qi .she gu xuan tian lei .tian weng dui ke xi ke zhi .zui wu tou jin zhui .lao zi nian lai .feng chang zuo xi .chen huan yu yin shu bei .zui gui .yue hei .jin ta de yun yan sui .cui wei .si wei .wu yi dian chen su qi .shui sheng bu jie shuo shi fei .dao chu xiang xun mi .xiang wei wu nong .xin hui ming li .ta ye yao xiang pei xian zuo de .qin shi .bu li .dao ti de ren xian zui .ri ju .yue zhu .duan song liao ren wu shu .zi cong kai bi jun shi shu .na ge bu dao mang shan lu .he kuang wu nong .xie er ming yu .xiang dian guang zhong shui zuo zhu .ju zhuo zhe lao fu .zhi qu .ba wu tu chang shuan zhu .qia yin .que qing .lai wang yun wu ding .hu guang shan se hui fu ming .hui ba ren diao nong .yi duan you qi .jiang he chou ying .tu xin shi zi zi qing .jin ying .shu sheng .you huan qi you shan xing .jin ping .cui ping .ji mu shan wu jin .bai yun hu xiang shu miao sheng .si lin ying bo guang ding .gu ba qing feng .zhe ying yao dong .shui he shan ju you sheng .xing qing .ban qing .tian yi ye huan xiang ying .yong si jing chun yuan cun .jin cun .yan ai du zhe jin .yin yin lin shu xiao wei fen .shi ting huang li yun .zhu zhang mang xie .xing chuan hua jing .yue yu qiao gong shang chun .ri xin .you xin .shi lao zi shan lin xing .xia zi zhuo .zi ge .zi ba xin shi he .ren jian jia zi yi ren ta .hu li gan kun da .liu shui dang men .qing shan wei zuo .mei ri jia jiao san shi sheng xian kuai huo .jiu zhuo zhe lv suo .zui he .xiang yun jin xiang zhong wo .qiu jiu yong shui xian zhuang bai ju hua ci hua .shen jia .dan qiu se dong li xia .ren jian fan hui bu si ta .dao ao de feng shuang pa .yu rui long cong .qiong zhi di ya .xue xiang chun he zu kua .xian sha .ai sha .duan de shi qu yi qu qian jin jia .dong ci bei .mo tui .xue pian er yun jian zhui .huo lu tou shang jiu zi wei .zhi chi de xun xun zui .bu bi feng han .jiang shi xun mi .xiao xiang yang lao zi chi .jin zhuo zhe shan xi .ye hei .xian dong de lai bu de .hui shou bian ci chen tu shi .cai yun xin huan liu zhu yi .

经冬的残雪仍覆盖在(zai)竹梢(shao)上，太阳未落山庭院已昏暗无光。
博闻强志：见识广博，记忆力强。志，同“记”秋雁悲鸣也懂得亡国的惨痛，
12.责：鞭责,鞭策。假舟楫者 假(jiǎ)
③戴花：在头上簪花。《宋史·礼志十五》：“礼毕，从驾官、应奉官、禁卫等并簪从驾还内(nei)。”中年以后存有较浓的好道之心，直到晚年才安家于终南山边陲。
8 宾阶：西阶。古时接客之礼，宾从西阶上，主从东阶上。南朝遗留下的四百八十多(duo)座古寺，无数的楼台全笼罩在风烟云雨中。
⑸荜（bì）门：荆竹编成的门，又称柴门。常指房(fang)屋简陋破旧。名声就像辉煌的太阳，照耀四海光焰腾腾。
昭阳殿：汉代殿名，汉成帝时造。梅子黄时，家家都被笼罩在雨中，长满青草的池塘边上，传来阵阵蛙声。
(17)《庄子》：黄帝游乎赤水之北(bei)，遗其玄珠，乃使象罔，象罔得之。李杖《述志赋》：“寄玄珠于罔象。”(18)李善《文选注》：“廖廓，高远也。”

　　衣服当了，酒也喝上了，心中的愁苦却还是没有解除。“壶中唤天云不开，白昼万里闲凄迷。”醉后呼天，天也不应，浮云蔽日，白昼如冥，看不到一点希望的光亮，诗人忧心如焚。写到这里，痛苦、绝望已经到了登峰造极的程度。
　　这是一首写在临安城一家旅店墙壁上，不但通过描写乐景来表哀情，使情感倍增，而且在深邃的审美境界中，蕴含着深沉的意蕴。同时，诗人以讽刺的语言中，不漏声色地揭露了“游人们”的反动本质，也由此表现出诗人的愤激之情。
　　“茨菰叶烂”、“莲子花开”这两个镜头交替的寓意，从时间上看就是要表现出一个“久”字。“一日不见，如三秋兮”。久而不归，思念之苦，自不待言。“白日寻思夜梦频”，诗的第三句就转到写“梦”。由久别而思，由思而梦，感情的脉络自然而清晰。同时，诗的第三句又回应了第一句，“别西湾”，暗示了对方是沿江而去，所以这“梦”也就“不离江上水”。“那作商人妇，愁水复愁风”。这当是“妾梦不离江上水”的另一个原因。
　　“《上陵》佚名 古诗”即“上林”，为汉代天子的著名游猎之苑。司马相如《上林赋》，曾以“终始灞浐，出入泾渭”、“荡荡乎八川分流”，铺陈过它周围三百里的苍莽壮阔；以“奔星更于闺闼，宛虹扡于楯轩”，夸饰过它离宫七十余所的峻高富丽。但《《上陵》佚名 古诗》歌的主意，却不在夸陈上林苑的“巨丽”，而是唱叹仙人降赐祥瑞的奇迹。开篇两句是赞美式的写景：“《上陵》佚名 古诗何美美”，叹上林树木的蓊郁繁美；“下津风以寒”，叙苑中水津的凉风澹荡——正是“仙”客出现前的清奇之境。林木幽幽，风声飒然，衣袂飘飘的仙客突然现身，不能不令人惊异。“问客从何来，言从水中央”。前句问得惊讶，表现仙客之现莫知其来的飘忽无踪；后句答得微妙，他竟来自烟水迷离的水中，简直难以置信！但在仙客口中，却只发为淡淡一语，似乎根本不值得一提。其遥指水天、莞尔微笑的悠闲之态，愈加令人意外而惊喜。
　　这首诗显示的是作者在大漠上行旅时所望见的景色和所产生的感觉。首句“黄沙碛里客行迷”，是写置身于荒漠中，不仅前路迷茫，不知何往，如韦应物《调啸词》所写的“东望西望路迷”；而且感到心情迷惘，无所归依，如韦庄《菩萨蛮·洛阳城里春光好》词所写的“此时心转迷”。句中的这个“迷”字，与作者的另一首《宿铁关西馆》诗“乡遥梦亦迷”句中的“迷”字一起来看，可能还含有回首万里、归路亦迷的意思在内。
　　《《东门行》佚名 古诗》描绘了一幅凄惨又壮丽的画面。主人公走出家门，不想回家，可是妻子儿女又难以割舍。一进屋门，家徒四壁，生活无望，又拔剑出门，妻子生怕出事，一边哭泣一边劝阻，但主人公仍感到无路可走，终于挥衣而去。
　　在作为政治中心的金陵，文学艺术也发展繁荣起来。这首先是因为皇帝的提倡，而且好几位皇帝就是文学家或艺术家，在他们周围聚集了大批文士；其次也因为金陵地处江南，民歌流行，艺术土壤丰厚，滋养出华丽璀璨的艺术之花。