日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。惠连发清兴，袁安念高卧。余故非斯人，为性兼懒惰。赖兹尊中酒，终日聊自过。药条药甲润青青，色过棕亭入草亭。苗满空山惭取誉，根居隙地怯成形。愉贵神兮般以乐，保皇祚兮万斯春。荡荡上帝，下民之辟。疾威上帝，其命多辟。天生烝民，其命匪谌。靡不有初，鲜克有终。文王曰咨，咨汝殷商。曾是彊御？曾是掊克？曾是在位？曾是在服？天降滔德，女兴是力。文王曰咨，咨女殷商。而秉义类，彊御多怼。流言以对。寇攘式内。侯作侯祝，靡届靡究。文王曰咨，咨女殷商。女炰烋于中国。敛怨以为德。不明尔德，时无背无侧。尔德不明，以无陪无卿。文王曰咨，咨女殷商。天不湎尔以酒，不义从式。既愆尔止。靡明靡晦。式号式唿。俾昼作夜。文王曰咨，咨女殷商。如蜩如螗，如沸如羹。小大近丧，人尚乎由行。内奰于中国，覃及鬼方。文王曰咨，咨女殷商。匪上帝不时，殷不用旧。虽无老成人，尚有典刑。曾是莫听，大命以倾。文王曰咨，咨女殷商。人亦有言：颠沛之揭，枝叶未有害，本实先拨。殷鉴不远，在夏后之世。吉日兮辰良，穆将愉兮上皇；抚长剑兮玉珥，璆锵鸣兮琳琅；瑶席兮玉瑱，盍将把兮琼芳；蕙肴蒸兮兰藉，奠桂酒兮椒浆；扬枹兮拊鼓，疏缓节兮安歌；陈竽瑟兮浩倡；灵偃蹇兮姣服，芳菲菲兮满堂；五音纷兮繁会，君欣欣兮乐康。上马不捉鞭，反折杨柳枝。蹀座吹长笛，愁杀行客儿。腹中愁不乐，愿作郎马鞭。出入擐郎臂，蹀座郎膝边。放马两泉泽，忘不着连羁。担鞍逐马走，何见得马骑。遥看孟津河，杨柳郁婆娑。我是虏家儿，不解汉儿歌。健儿须快马，快马须健儿。跸跋黄尘下，然后别雄雌。寂寞柴门村落里，也教插柳记年华。禁烟不到粤人国，上冢亦携庞老家。汉寝唐陵无麦饭，山溪野径有梨花。一樽径籍青苔卧，莫管城头奏暮笳。剩水残山异昔游。歌扇多情明月在，舞衣无意彩云收。

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shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..hui lian fa qing xing .yuan an nian gao wo .yu gu fei si ren .wei xing jian lan duo .lai zi zun zhong jiu .zhong ri liao zi guo .yao tiao yao jia run qing qing .se guo zong ting ru cao ting .miao man kong shan can qu yu .gen ju xi di qie cheng xing .yu gui shen xi ban yi le .bao huang zuo xi wan si chun .dang dang shang di .xia min zhi bi .ji wei shang di .qi ming duo bi .tian sheng zheng min .qi ming fei chen .mi bu you chu .xian ke you zhong .wen wang yue zi .zi ru yin shang .zeng shi jiang yu .zeng shi pou ke .zeng shi zai wei .zeng shi zai fu .tian jiang tao de .nv xing shi li .wen wang yue zi .zi nv yin shang .er bing yi lei .jiang yu duo dui .liu yan yi dui .kou rang shi nei .hou zuo hou zhu .mi jie mi jiu .wen wang yue zi .zi nv yin shang .nv pao xiu yu zhong guo .lian yuan yi wei de .bu ming er de .shi wu bei wu ce .er de bu ming .yi wu pei wu qing .wen wang yue zi .zi nv yin shang .tian bu mian er yi jiu .bu yi cong shi .ji qian er zhi .mi ming mi hui .shi hao shi hu .bi zhou zuo ye .wen wang yue zi .zi nv yin shang .ru tiao ru tang .ru fei ru geng .xiao da jin sang .ren shang hu you xing .nei bi yu zhong guo .tan ji gui fang .wen wang yue zi .zi nv yin shang .fei shang di bu shi .yin bu yong jiu .sui wu lao cheng ren .shang you dian xing .zeng shi mo ting .da ming yi qing .wen wang yue zi .zi nv yin shang .ren yi you yan .dian pei zhi jie .zhi ye wei you hai .ben shi xian bo .yin jian bu yuan .zai xia hou zhi shi .ji ri xi chen liang .mu jiang yu xi shang huang .fu chang jian xi yu er .qiu qiang ming xi lin lang .yao xi xi yu tian .he jiang ba xi qiong fang .hui yao zheng xi lan jie .dian gui jiu xi jiao jiang .yang fu xi fu gu .shu huan jie xi an ge .chen yu se xi hao chang .ling yan jian xi jiao fu .fang fei fei xi man tang .wu yin fen xi fan hui .jun xin xin xi le kang .shang ma bu zhuo bian .fan zhe yang liu zhi .die zuo chui chang di .chou sha xing ke er .fu zhong chou bu le .yuan zuo lang ma bian .chu ru huan lang bi .die zuo lang xi bian .fang ma liang quan ze .wang bu zhuo lian ji .dan an zhu ma zou .he jian de ma qi .yao kan meng jin he .yang liu yu po suo .wo shi lu jia er .bu jie han er ge .jian er xu kuai ma .kuai ma xu jian er .bi ba huang chen xia .ran hou bie xiong ci .ji mo chai men cun luo li .ye jiao cha liu ji nian hua .jin yan bu dao yue ren guo .shang zhong yi xie pang lao jia .han qin tang ling wu mai fan .shan xi ye jing you li hua .yi zun jing ji qing tai wo .mo guan cheng tou zou mu jia .sheng shui can shan yi xi you .ge shan duo qing ming yue zai .wu yi wu yi cai yun shou .

你问我我山中有什么(me)。
壤：据论是古代儿童玩具，以木做成，前宽后窄，长一尺多，形如鞋。玩时，先将一壤置(zhi)于地，然后在三四十步远处，以另一壤击之，中者为胜。随着君到家里五六，君的父母常常有话告诉我。
⑦“晚烟笼”：指黄昏(hun)时烟气笼罩的景象。为何伯益福祚终结，禹的后嗣繁荣昌盛？
37.见：看见。宴罢友人叹息声中黑夜至，稳稳躺下一觉睡到大天明(ming)。
②大将：指毛伯温。自从高宗皇帝南渡之后，有几个人能真正称得上是治国的行家里手？中原沦陷区的父老乡亲期盼北伐，翘首眺望，南渡的士大夫(fu)们也慨叹山河破碎，国土沦陷，半壁河山至今依旧。而那些清谈家们面对大片国土丧失，何曾把收复失地、挽救危局、统一国家放在心上？算起来，我为平定金兵，戎马倥惚，已征战了万里之遥。横枪立马把金人赶走，建功立业，报效祖国，留名青史，这才是真正读书人的事业。韩元吉啊，你是否明白这一点呢？
77.轶：超过。轊（wèi）：车轴顶端。这里是以 撞击之意。騊駼（táotú）：北方野马名；一说即野马。本想求得奴隶伊尹，如何却又能得贤淑美妻？
（1）临江仙：双调小令，唐(tang)教坊曲。《乐章集》入“仙吕调”，《张子野词》入“高平调”。

　　“饮马”，是用《左传》故事。公元前579年，晋楚战争中，楚军骄横狂妄，扬言“饮马于河（黄河）而归”。这里比喻李克用有“饮马于河”的军事野心。因为李克用的军队，早在公元883年（中和三年）与黄巢作战时，就已打进过帝都长安，故说“饮马早闻临渭北”。“射雕”，用了北齐斛律光射落雕鸟的故事。“雕”是一种鸷鸟，猛健善飞，不易射得。这里用斛律光的英勇善射，暗喻实力强大的李克用将要采取大规模军事行动。“山东”指太行山以东地区。这句是说李军正蓄谋打过太行山。
　　第二首诗中，诗人先介绍自己的籍贯。在第一句诗中，七个字就有四个字是地名，诗人又把本属于一个词组的“本”与“住”分开，使之与地名互相配搭，安排巧妙。第二句写博取功名需要箭法纯熟，武艺高强，而自己现在已经博取了功名，那当然是箭法纯熟、武艺高强了。这种写法比直说自己箭法纯熟、武艺高强更为好。这首诗的后两句描写了自己当年秋原骑马飞驰、寒空射猎的边塞生活。“飞鞚秋原”本来是很壮烈的，而诗人却说是“等闲”事，这说明这种生活的频繁，又点出诗人气概的豪迈。最后一句的“独”字与“试”字恰当风趣地表现出诗人独立不群，气派宏大。一个“声”字说明诗人放的是响箭，又使这首小诗增添了音响色彩。诗从多方面塑造了诗人的自我形象。形象突出，语言优美，概括力强是这首诗显著的特点。
　　首章写“食”。由“有饛簋飧”联想到与如砥如矢的周道的关系。从“君子”和“小人”的不同境遇，抒写了诗人的悲伤。
　　此诗二、四两句写景既雄峻清爽，又纤丽典雅。诗人是完全沉醉在这如画的山景里了吗？还是借大自然的景致来荡涤自己胸中之块垒呢？也许两者都有，不必强解。
　　景致的选择，语言的运用，毕竟属于外在、表面的东西，深入品味不难发现，这首《《南湖早春》白居易 古诗》可谓“一切景语皆情语”，诗人的精神、情感实灌注在笔下的景物中。风回云断，雨住天晴，一切都是那么自然，合人心意，那风似也可吹去人心头的阴翳，让人心境亦如夕照下的湖面，立时明朗起来。湖上安详的色彩给人以温暖的感觉，山杏、水苹也向人展示了春天的无限生机，值此早春时节，诗人当也感受到春天的希望与温馨。此诗作于诗人谪居江州时，在此之前不久，诗人刚经历过自己人生道路上的重大痛苦与挫折。公元815年（元和十年）夏，宰相武元衡被人谋杀，忠直的白居易愤而上疏，请求朝廷缉捕凶手，洗血国耻，反被政敌诬为越职言事，于是年秋被远贬江州，现在冬去春回，创伤渐复，江南春色让他感到惊喜、欣慰。可心头的阴云毕竟还未散尽，不能奋飞的白雁，学语未成的黄鹏，莫不带有他自身的影子，他在它们身上寄寓了自己的情感。在远离京城的谪居之地见到春归，诗人的情感是复杂的，既欣喜有所憧憬，又难以将原先心头积存的愁苦完全摆脱。总观全诗，诗人对江南春色是由衷喜爱，掩饰不住的，他虽自叹“年年衰病减心情”，可随着春光转浓加深，心情想也会日益开朗起来。
　　以上几说，当以孤独盼友说贴近诗旨。
　　诗的后四句是邀请友人前来醉饮赏春。五六两句是全诗的承转机杼之句。“碧水浩浩云茫茫”是比兴用法，没有更多的意思，不过是用景语虚引而已。从而自然贯通到“美人不来空断肠”一句上来。既然春已回归，而美人未至，岂不辜负了一片融融春光！为此诗人才说他有“断肠”之恨。称友人为“美人”，亦不过是言思念之切，用这样戏谑俏皮的诗句寄给友人更见友情的亲密。“预拂青山一片石，与君连日醉壶觞”，是说自己已经预先将青山中一片石拂拭干净，只等友人来此痛饮一番。这两句写得尤为精采。诗人不直言说透“邀请”二字，而是通过丰富的想象，运用了一个动人的细节，便把邀请的殷切之情表达出来了，同时还含有共赏春光之意，这样便与前四句所婉转写出的盼春、迎春之意暗暗沟通了。古人作诗，结句大体不出景结、情结两法。本诗当属予情结。全诗结末一股按撩不住的赏春激情全从“连日醉壶觞”数字一涌而出，足以荡人心魄。