四月清和雨乍晴，南山当户转分明。更无柳絮因风起，惟有葵花向日倾。蕊黄无限当山额，宿妆隐笑纱窗隔。 相见牡丹时，暂来还别离。翠钗金作股，钗上蝶双舞。 心事竟谁知？月明花满枝。凌晨丽城去，薄暮上林栖。辞枝枝暂起，停树树还低。北归至凤翔，墨制放往鄜州作。按鄜在凤翔东北，故曰北征。皇帝二载秋，闰八月初吉。杜子将北征，苍茫问家室。维时遭艰虞，朝野无暇日。顾惭恩私被，诏许归蓬筚。拜辞诣阙下，憷惕久未出。虽乏谏诤姿，恐君有遗失。君诚中兴主，经纬固密勿。东胡反未已，臣甫愤所切。挥涕恋行在，道途犹恍惚。干坤含疮痍，忧虞何时毕？靡靡逾阡陌，人烟眇萧瑟。所遇多被伤，呻吟更流血。回首凤翔县，旌旗晚明灭。前登寒山重，屡得饮马窟。邠郊入地底，泾水中荡潏。勐虎立我前，苍崖吼时裂。菊垂今秋花，石戴古车辙。青云动高兴，幽事亦可悦。山果多琐细，罗生杂橡栗。或红如丹砂，或黑如点漆。雨露之所濡，甘苦齐结实。缅思桃源内，益叹身世拙。坡陀望鄜畤，岩谷互出没。我行已水滨，我仆犹木末。鸱鸟鸣黄桑，野鼠拱乱穴。夜深经战场，寒月照白骨。潼关百万师，往者散何卒？遂令半秦民，残害为异物。况我堕胡尘，及归尽华发。经年至茅屋，妻子衣百结。恸哭松声回，悲泉共幽咽。平生所娇儿，颜色白胜雪。见耶背面啼，垢腻脚不袜。床前两小女，补缀才过膝。海图坼波涛，旧绣移曲折。天吴及紫凤，颠倒在裋褐。老夫情怀恶，呕泄卧数日。那无囊中帛，救汝寒凛栗。粉黛亦解包，衾绸稍罗列。瘦妻面复光，痴女头自栉。学母无不为，晓妆随手抹。移时施朱铅，狼藉画眉阔。生还对童稚，似欲忘饥渴。问事竞挽须，谁能即嗔喝？翻思在贼愁，甘受杂乱聒。新归且慰意，生理焉得说？至尊尚蒙尘，几日休练卒？仰观天色改，坐觉妖氛豁。阴风西北来，惨淡随回纥。其王愿助顺，其俗善驰突。送兵五千人，躯马一万匹。此辈少为贵，四方服勇决。所用皆鹰腾，破敌过箭疾。圣心颇虚伫，时议气欲夺。伊洛指掌收，西京不足拔。官军请深入，蓄锐可俱发。此举开青徐，旋瞻略恒碣。昊天积霜露，正气有肃杀。祸转亡胡岁，势成擒胡月。胡命其能久？皇纲未宜绝。忆昨狼狈初，事与古先别：奸臣竟葅醢，同恶随荡析。不闻夏殷衰，中自诛褒妲。周汉获再兴，宣光果明哲。桓桓陈将军，仗钺奋忠烈。微尔人尽非，于今国犹活。凄凉大同殿，寂寞白兽闼。都人望翠华，佳气向金阙。园陵固有神，洒扫数不缺。煌煌太宗业，树立甚宏达！日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。远远游蜂不记家。数行新柳自啼鸦。寻思旧事即天涯。黄师塔前江水东，春光懒困倚微风。桃花一簇开无主，可爱深红爱浅红？三入承明。四至九卿。问书生、何辱何荣。金张七叶，纨绮貂缨。无汗马事，不献赋，不明经。成都卜肆。寂寞君平。郑子真、岩谷躬耕。寒灰炙手，人重人轻。除竺干学，得无念，得无名。冬宵寒且永，夜漏宫中发。草白霭繁霜，木衰澄清月。丽服映颓颜，朱灯照华发。汉家方尚少，顾影惭朝谒。乘轺奉紫泥，泽国渺天涯。九派春潮满，孤帆暮雨低。草深莺断续，花落水东西。更有高堂处，知君路不迷。

si yue qing he yu zha qing .nan shan dang hu zhuan fen ming .geng wu liu xu yin feng qi .wei you kui hua xiang ri qing .rui huang wu xian dang shan e .su zhuang yin xiao sha chuang ge . xiang jian mu dan shi .zan lai huan bie li .cui cha jin zuo gu .cha shang die shuang wu . xin shi jing shui zhi .yue ming hua man zhi .ling chen li cheng qu .bao mu shang lin qi .ci zhi zhi zan qi .ting shu shu huan di .bei gui zhi feng xiang .mo zhi fang wang fu zhou zuo .an fu zai feng xiang dong bei .gu yue bei zheng .huang di er zai qiu .run ba yue chu ji .du zi jiang bei zheng .cang mang wen jia shi .wei shi zao jian yu .chao ye wu xia ri .gu can en si bei .zhao xu gui peng bi .bai ci yi que xia .chu ti jiu wei chu .sui fa jian zheng zi .kong jun you yi shi .jun cheng zhong xing zhu .jing wei gu mi wu .dong hu fan wei yi .chen fu fen suo qie .hui ti lian xing zai .dao tu you huang hu .gan kun han chuang yi .you yu he shi bi .mi mi yu qian mo .ren yan miao xiao se .suo yu duo bei shang .shen yin geng liu xue .hui shou feng xiang xian .jing qi wan ming mie .qian deng han shan zhong .lv de yin ma ku .bin jiao ru di di .jing shui zhong dang jue .meng hu li wo qian .cang ya hou shi lie .ju chui jin qiu hua .shi dai gu che zhe .qing yun dong gao xing .you shi yi ke yue .shan guo duo suo xi .luo sheng za xiang li .huo hong ru dan sha .huo hei ru dian qi .yu lu zhi suo ru .gan ku qi jie shi .mian si tao yuan nei .yi tan shen shi zhuo .po tuo wang fu zhi .yan gu hu chu mei .wo xing yi shui bin .wo pu you mu mo .chi niao ming huang sang .ye shu gong luan xue .ye shen jing zhan chang .han yue zhao bai gu .tong guan bai wan shi .wang zhe san he zu .sui ling ban qin min .can hai wei yi wu .kuang wo duo hu chen .ji gui jin hua fa .jing nian zhi mao wu .qi zi yi bai jie .tong ku song sheng hui .bei quan gong you yan .ping sheng suo jiao er .yan se bai sheng xue .jian ye bei mian ti .gou ni jiao bu wa .chuang qian liang xiao nv .bu zhui cai guo xi .hai tu che bo tao .jiu xiu yi qu zhe .tian wu ji zi feng .dian dao zai shu he .lao fu qing huai e .ou xie wo shu ri .na wu nang zhong bo .jiu ru han lin li .fen dai yi jie bao .qin chou shao luo lie .shou qi mian fu guang .chi nv tou zi zhi .xue mu wu bu wei .xiao zhuang sui shou mo .yi shi shi zhu qian .lang jie hua mei kuo .sheng huan dui tong zhi .si yu wang ji ke .wen shi jing wan xu .shui neng ji chen he .fan si zai zei chou .gan shou za luan guo .xin gui qie wei yi .sheng li yan de shuo .zhi zun shang meng chen .ji ri xiu lian zu .yang guan tian se gai .zuo jue yao fen huo .yin feng xi bei lai .can dan sui hui ge .qi wang yuan zhu shun .qi su shan chi tu .song bing wu qian ren .qu ma yi wan pi .ci bei shao wei gui .si fang fu yong jue .suo yong jie ying teng .po di guo jian ji .sheng xin po xu zhu .shi yi qi yu duo .yi luo zhi zhang shou .xi jing bu zu ba .guan jun qing shen ru .xu rui ke ju fa .ci ju kai qing xu .xuan zhan lue heng jie .hao tian ji shuang lu .zheng qi you su sha .huo zhuan wang hu sui .shi cheng qin hu yue .hu ming qi neng jiu .huang gang wei yi jue .yi zuo lang bei chu .shi yu gu xian bie .jian chen jing zu hai .tong e sui dang xi .bu wen xia yin shuai .zhong zi zhu bao da .zhou han huo zai xing .xuan guang guo ming zhe .huan huan chen jiang jun .zhang yue fen zhong lie .wei er ren jin fei .yu jin guo you huo .qi liang da tong dian .ji mo bai shou ta .du ren wang cui hua .jia qi xiang jin que .yuan ling gu you shen .sa sao shu bu que .huang huang tai zong ye .shu li shen hong da .ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..yuan yuan you feng bu ji jia .shu xing xin liu zi ti ya .xun si jiu shi ji tian ya .huang shi ta qian jiang shui dong .chun guang lan kun yi wei feng .tao hua yi cu kai wu zhu .ke ai shen hong ai qian hong .san ru cheng ming .si zhi jiu qing .wen shu sheng .he ru he rong .jin zhang qi ye .wan qi diao ying .wu han ma shi .bu xian fu .bu ming jing .cheng du bo si .ji mo jun ping .zheng zi zhen .yan gu gong geng .han hui zhi shou .ren zhong ren qing .chu zhu gan xue .de wu nian .de wu ming .dong xiao han qie yong .ye lou gong zhong fa .cao bai ai fan shuang .mu shuai cheng qing yue .li fu ying tui yan .zhu deng zhao hua fa .han jia fang shang shao .gu ying can chao ye .cheng yao feng zi ni .ze guo miao tian ya .jiu pai chun chao man .gu fan mu yu di .cao shen ying duan xu .hua luo shui dong xi .geng you gao tang chu .zhi jun lu bu mi .

　　乡校没有毁掉，而郑国得以治理好。周初兴盛，（是因为）奉养老成有德之人，听取他们的意见；（周厉王）衰败，是派人监视有意见的人的结果。成功失败的事例，可以清楚地看出来。这子产啊，执政的方式（难得）。只因为难得，才治理一(yi)个郑国。真的都用子产执政的方式，帮助天下的君王，（天下就能）政通景明，达到无限。哎!天下没有治理好，（是因为）只有君王没有贤臣啊。谁能继承子产之风?（谁又具有子产之才）？我思慕古人。
29.青麻头：和下文的“蝴蝶”、“螳螂”、“油利垯”、“青丝额”，都是上品蟋蟀的名字。夜里曾听到他的神马嘶鸣，天亮却杳无踪迹。
正坐：端正坐的姿势。娇嫩的海棠，毫不吝惜鲜红的花朵，挺身独立在寒风冷雨中开放着。
③重(chang)道：再次说(shuo)。　　刘邦采用了陈平的计策，离间疏远楚国君臣。项(xiang)羽(yu)怀疑范(fan)增(zeng)和汉国私下勾结，渐渐剥夺他的权力。范增大怒，说：“天下大事已经大致确定了，君王自己处理吧。希望能让我告老还乡。”回乡时，还没到彭城，就因背上痈疽发作而死。苏子说，范增离去是好事，若不离去，项羽一定会杀他。只遗憾他没有早早离开而已。既如此，那么范增应(ying)当在什么时候离开呢？当初范增劝项羽杀沛公，项羽不听；终因此而失去天下；应当在此时离去吗？回答说，不。范增想要杀死沛公，是做臣子的职责。项羽不杀刘邦，还显得有君王的度量。范增怎能在此时离去呢？《易经》说：“知道选择恰当时机，那不是很神明吗？”《诗经》说：“观察那气象，若要下雪，水气必定先聚集成霰。”范增离去，应当在项羽杀卿子冠军的时候。
玉漏，漏壶，古代的计时器。　　有一秦地的人作诗说：“太平盛世不能等到了，人的生命是有限的，只好看风使舵，顺水推舟吧!谁有权势谁就是贤德之人，满肚子学问比不上一袋子钱更实用。卑躬屈膝就可以成为富贵人家，刚直的人只能依门而立。”
郎中：尚书省的属官

　　尾联再折一层，写诗人之狂想。“何时诏此金钱会，暂醉佳人锦瑟旁”。诗人描绘了一个君臣同欢、歌舞升平的宴饮嬉游之景。遥想昔日承天门赐宴，列教坊之歌妓，翠袖承花，朱弦按曲，觥筹交错，为乐未央，那才是盛世华章人生尽欢。（《旧唐书》载：“开元元年九月，宴王公百僚于承天门，令左右于楼下撒金钱，许中书以上五品官及诸司三品以上官争拾之。”）“何时”表明这种狂想充其量是一场豪梦而已。杜甫曾受用于玄宗，安史劫后，新君（即肃宗）上场，肃宗因当日分镇之命，几撼其储皇之位，衷心隐处，不搛于若翁，故将玄宗移居西内，并将其旧侍翦除殆尽，玄宗暮境悲凉，杜甫不得新君恩宠，也就愈念当日如鱼得水的佳境了。此联抒情极其惨痛。“大厦将倾，独木难支”，明知逝水难回，却渴盼恩泽重沐，一展怀抱，这不能不令人伤感。“暂醉”，其实只能是转瞬即逝的精神麻醉罢了。
　　《和郭主簿》第二首主要写秋色。写秋色而能独辟溪径，一反前人肃杀凄凉的悲秋传统，却赞赏它的清澈秀雅、灿烂奇绝，乃是此诗具有开创性的一大特征。古诗赋中，写秋景肃杀悲凉，以宋玉《九辩》首肇其端：“悲哉，秋之为气也！萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰。”往后秋景与悲愁就结下了不解之缘，如汉武帝的《秋风辞》、汉代《古歌》（秋风萧萧愁杀人）、曹丕的《燕歌行》、祢衡的《鹦鹉赋》、曹植的《赠丁仪》、《赠白马王彪》、《幽思赋》、王粲的《登楼赋》、阮籍《咏怀·开秋兆凉气》、潘岳的《秋兴赋》、张协的《杂诗·秋夜凉风起》等等，或触秋色而生悲感，或借秋景以抒愁怀，大抵皆未跳出宋玉悲秋的窠臼。而陶渊明此诗的秋景却与众迥异，别开生面。首句不写秋景，却写春雨之多，说今春调合的雨水（和泽）不断，遍及了整个春季三月。这一方面是《诗经》中“兴”的手法的继承，另一方面又把多雨的春和肃爽的秋作一对比，令人觉得下文描绘的清秀奇绝的秋色，大有胜过春光之意。往下即具体写秋景的清凉素雅：露水凝结为一片洁白的霜华，天空中没有一丝阴霾的雾气（游氛），因而益觉天高气爽，格外清新澄澈。远望起伏的山陵高岗，群峰飞逸高耸，无不挺秀奇绝；近看林中满地盛开的菊花，灿烂耀眼，幽香四溢；山岩之上苍翠的青松，排列成行，巍然挺立。凛冽的秋气使百卉纷谢凋零，然而菊花却迎霜怒放，独呈异采；肃杀的秋风使万木摇落变衰，唯有苍松却经寒弥茂，青翠长在。难怪诗人要情不自禁地怀想这松菊坚贞秀美的英姿，赞叹其卓尔不群的风貌，誉之为霜下之杰了。
　　这种富有神秘色彩的宁静，很容易引发出诗人的遐想。所以三、四句笔锋一转，将湘君、湘夫人的神话传说，融合在湖山景物的描绘中。古代神话传说，舜妃湘君姊妹化为湘水女神而遨游于洞庭湖山之上。君山又名湘山，就是得名于此。所以“疑是水仙梳洗处”这一句，诗人在仿佛之间虚写一笔：“洞庭君山大概是水中女仙居住梳洗的地方吧？”再以比拟的手法轻轻点出：“一螺青黛镜中间。”这水中倒影的君山，很像镜中女仙青色的螺髻。
　　这首诗着重表现军旅生活的艰辛及战争的残酷，其中蕴含了诗人对黩武战争的反对情绪。
　　第四章仍是写宴会，重在表明对长者的尊敬之意。先写主人满斟美酒，以敬长者，再写主人祝福长者长命百岁，中间插以长者老态龙钟、侍者小心搀扶的描绘，显得灵动而不板滞。
　　在唐代诗人那里，“回家”与“仕进”是一对永远无法解决的矛盾。对于锐意进取、自视甚高的唐人而言，若是功业无成，宁可“一醉任天涯”，决不轻易还家，必须坚忍地前行。这便有了韦庄将“流离”“别家”当作一种习惯，成为生活常态。与其他诗人相比，韦庄似乎表现得更为洒脱，更加决绝，“等闲挥袂客天涯”，唐人的胸襟、气度与抱负尽出，毫无悲悲切切之感。韦庄的行迹遍及大半个中国，是唐末乱世典型的漂泊者，他的这句诗，最能表现唐代士子气度。
　　首句“关山客子路”，是向“二兄”说明前方路途遥远、山峦叠嶂、十分艰险，提醒亲人要多加珍重。古时由长安入蜀，必须经过秦岭太白山、青泥岭和大剑山、小剑山之间的一条栈道——剑门关。李白在《蜀道难》一诗中曾清晰描绘了蜀道的艰难：“蜀道之难难于上青天”，虽然剑阁有“天梯石栈相钩连”，却仍旧是“黄鹤之飞尚不得过，猿猱欲度愁攀援”，最后不得不发出“锦城虽云乐，不如早还乡”的叹息。
　　第一首写移居求友的初衷，邻里过往的快乐。吟味全诗，每四句是一个层次。