六十相近老形骸，安乐窝中且避乖。高竿上伎俩休争赛，早回头家去来。对华山翠壁丹崖，将小阔阔书房盖。绿巍巍松树栽，倒大来悠哉。平生原自喜山林，一自归来直到今。向红尘奔走白图甚？怎如俺醉时歌醒后吟！出门来猿鹤相寻。山隐隐烟霞润，水潺潺金玉音，因此上留住身心。中年才过便休官，合共神仙一样看。出门来山水相留恋，倒大来耳根清眼界宽，细寻思这的是真欢。黄金带缠着忧患，紫罗襕裹着祸端，怎如俺藜杖藤冠？咏江南一江烟水照晴岚，两岸人家接画檐。芰荷丛一段秋光淡，看沙鸥舞再三，卷香风十里珠帘。画船儿天边至，酒旗儿风外飐，爱杀江南！咏遂闲堂绰然亭后遂闲堂，更比仙家日月长。高情千古羲皇上，北窗风特地凉，客来时樽酒淋浪。花与竹无俗气，水和山有异香，委实会受用也云庄！月日，居易白。微之足下：自足下谪江陵至于今，凡枉赠答诗仅百篇。每诗来，或辱序，或辱书，冠于卷首，皆所以陈古今歌诗之义，且自叙为文因缘，与年月之远近也。仆既受足下诗，又谕足下此意，常欲承答来旨，粗论歌诗大端，并自述为文之意，总为一书，致足下前。累岁已来，牵故少暇，间有容隙，或欲为之；又自思所陈，亦无出足下之见；临纸复罢者数四，卒不能成就其志，以至于今。今俟罪浔阳，除盥栉食寝外无余事，因览足下去通州日所留新旧文二十六轴，开卷得意，忽如会面，心所畜者，便欲快言，往往自疑，不知相去万里也。既而愤悱之气，思有所浊，遂追就前志，勉为此书，足下幸试为仆留意一省。夫文，尚矣，三才各有文。天之文三光首之；地之文五材首之；人之文《六经》首之。就《六经》言，《诗》又首之。何者？圣人感人心而天下和平。感人心者，莫先乎情，莫始乎言，莫切乎声，莫深乎义。诗者，根情，苗言，华声，实义。上自圣贤，下至愚騃，微及豚鱼，幽及鬼神。群分而气同，形异而情一。未有声入而不应、情交而不感者。圣人知其然，因其言，经之以六义；缘其声，纬之以五音。音有韵，义有类。韵协则言顺，言顺则声易入；类举则情见，情见则感易交。于是乎孕大含深，贯微洞密，上下通而一气泰，忧乐合而百志熙。五帝三皇所以直道而行、垂拱而理者，揭此以为大柄，决此以为大窦也。故闻“元首明，股肱良”之歌，则知虞道昌矣。闻五子洛汭之歌，则知夏政荒矣。言者无罪，闻者足诫，言者闻者莫不两尽其心焉。洎周衰秦兴，采诗官废，上不以诗补察时政，下不以歌泄导人情。用至于谄成之风动，救失之道缺。于时六义始剚矣。《国风》变为《骚辞》，五言始于苏、李。《诗》、《骚》皆不遇者，各系其志，发而为文。故河梁之句，止于伤别；泽畔之吟，归于怨思。彷徨抑郁，不暇及他耳。然去《诗》未远，梗概尚存。故兴离别则引双凫一雁为喻，讽君子小人则引香草恶鸟为比。虽义类不具，犹得风人之什二三焉。于时六义始缺矣。晋、宋已还，得者盖寡。以康乐之奥博，多溺于山水；以渊明之高古，偏放于田园。江、鲍之流，又狭于此。如梁鸿《五噫》之例者，百无一二。于时六义浸微矣！陵夷至于梁、陈间，率不过嘲风雪、弄花草而已。噫！风雪花草之物，三百篇中岂舍之乎？顾所用何如耳。设如“北风其凉”，假风以刺威虐；“雨雪霏霏”，因雪以愍征役；“棠棣之华”，感华以讽兄弟；“采采芣苡”，美草以乐有子也。皆兴发于此而义归于彼。反是者，可乎哉！然则“余霞散成绮，澄江净如练”，“归花先委露，别叶乍辞风”之什，丽则丽矣，吾不知其所讽焉。故仆所谓嘲风雪、弄花草而已。于时六义尽去矣。唐兴二百年，其间诗人不可胜数。所可举者，陈子昂有《感遇诗》二十首，鲍防《感兴诗》十五篇。又诗之豪者，世称李、杜。李之作，才矣！奇矣！人不迨矣！索其风雅比兴，十无一焉。杜诗最多，可传者千余首。至于贯穿古今，覙缕格律，尽工尽善，又过于李焉。然撮其《新安》、《石壕》、《潼关吏》、《芦子关》、《花门》之章，“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”之句，亦不过十三四。杜尚如此，况不迨杜者乎？仆常痛诗道崩坏，忽忽愤发，或废食辍寝，不量才力，欲扶起之。嗟乎！事有大谬者，又不可一二而言，然亦不能不粗陈于左右。仆始生六七月时，乳母抱弄于书屏下，有指“之”字、“无”字示仆者，仆口未能言，心已默识。后有问此二字者，虽百十其试，而指之不差。则知仆宿习之缘，已在文字中矣。及五六岁，便学为诗。九岁谙识声韵。十五六，始知有进士，苦节读书。二十已来，昼课赋，夜课书，间又课诗，不遑寝息矣。以至于口舌成疮，手肘成胝。既壮而肤革不丰盈，未老而齿发早衰白；瞀瞀然如飞蝇垂珠在眸子中者，动以万数，盖以苦学力文之所致，又自悲。家贫多故，二十七方从乡赋。既第之后，虽专于科试，亦不废诗。及授校书郎时，已盈三四百首。或出示交友如足下辈，见皆谓之工，其实未窥作者之域耳。自登朝来，年齿渐长，阅事渐多。每与人言，多询时务；每读书史，多求理道。始知文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。是时皇帝初即位，宰府有正人，屡降玺书，访人急病。仆当此日，擢在翰林，身是谏官，月请谏纸。启奏之间，有可以救济人病，裨补时阙，而难于指言者，辄咏歌之，欲稍稍进闻于上。上以广宸听，副忧勤；次以酬恩奖，塞言责；下以复吾平生之志。岂图志未就而悔已生，言未闻而谤已成矣！又请为左右终言之。凡闻仆《贺雨诗》，众口籍籍，以为非宜矣；闻仆《哭孔戡诗》，众面脉脉，尽不悦矣；闻《秦中吟》，则权豪贵近者，相目而变色矣；闻《登乐游园》寄足下诗，则执政柄者扼腕矣；闻《宿紫阁村》诗，则握军要者切齿矣！大率如此，不可遍举。不相与者，号为沽誉，号为诋讦，号为讪谤。苟相与者，则如牛僧孺之诫焉。乃至骨肉妻孥，皆以我为非也。其不我非者，举世不过三两人。有邓鲂者，见仆诗而喜，无何鲂死。有唐衢者，见仆诗而泣，未几而衢死。其余即足下。足下又十年来困踬若此。呜唿！岂六义四始之风，天将破坏，不可支持耶？抑又不知天意不欲使下人病苦闻于上耶？不然，何有志于诗者，不利若此之甚也！然仆又自思关东一男子耳，除读书属文外，其他懵然无知，乃至书画棋博，可以接群居之欢者，一无通晓，即其愚拙可知矣！初应进士时，中朝无缌麻之亲，达官无半面之旧；策蹇步于利足之途，张空拳于战文之场。十年之间，三登科第，名落众耳，迹升清贯，出交贤俊，入侍冕旒。始得名于文章，终得罪于文章，亦其宜也。日者闻亲友间说，礼、吏部举选人，多以仆私试赋判为准的。其余诗句，亦往往在人口中。仆恧然自愧，不之信也。及再来长安，又闻有军使高霞寓者，欲聘倡妓，妓大夸曰：“我诵得白学士《长恨歌》，岂同他哉？”由是增价。又足下书云：到通州日，见江馆柱间有题仆诗者。何人哉？又昨过汉南日，适遇主人集众娱乐，他宾诸妓见仆来，指而相顾曰：此是《秦中吟》、《长恨歌》主耳。自长安抵江西三四千里，凡乡校、佛寺、逆旅、行舟之中，往往有题仆诗者；士庶、僧徒、孀妇、处女之口，每有咏仆诗者。此诚雕篆之戏，不足为多，然今时俗所重，正在此耳。虽前贤如渊、云者，前辈如李、杜者，亦未能忘情于其间。古人云：“名者公器，不可多取。”仆是何者，窃时之名已多。既窃时名，又欲窃时之富贵，使己为造物者，肯兼与之乎？今之屯穷，理固然也。况诗人多蹇，如陈子昂、杜甫，各授一拾遗，而屯剥至死。孟浩然辈不及一命，穷悴终身。近日孟郊六十，终试协律；张籍五十，未离一太祝。彼何人哉！况仆之才又不迨彼。今虽谪佐远郡，而官品至第五，月俸四五万，寒有衣，饥有食，给身之外，施及家人。亦可谓不负白氏子矣。微之，微之！勿念我哉！仆数月来，检讨囊帙中，得新旧诗，各以类分，分为卷目。自拾遗来，凡所遇所感，关于美刺兴比者；又自武德至元和，因事立题，题为“新乐府”者，共一百五十首，谓之讽谕诗。又或退公独处，或移动病闲居，知足保和，吟玩性情者一百首，谓之”闲适诗“。又有事物牵于外，情理动于内，随感遇而形于叹咏者一百首，谓之”感伤诗“。又有五言、七言、长句、绝句，自一百韵至两百韵者四百余首，谓之”杂律诗“。凡为十五卷，约八百首。异时相见，当尽致于执事。微之，古人云：“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。”仆虽不肖，常师此语。大丈夫所守者道，所待者时。时之来也，为云龙，为风鹏，勃然突然，陈力以出；时之不来也，为雾豹，为冥鸿，寂兮寥兮，奉身而退。进退出处，何往而不自得哉！故仆志在兼济，行在独善，奉而始终之则为道，言而发明之则为诗。谓之讽谕诗，兼济之志也；谓之闲适诗，独善之义也。故览仆诗者，知仆之道焉。其余杂律诗，或诱于一时一物，发于一笑一吟，率然成章，非平生所尚者，但以亲朋合散之际，取其释恨佐欢，今铨次之间，未能删去。他时有为我编集斯文者，略之可也。微之，夫贵耳贱目，荣古陋今，人之大情也。仆不能远征古旧，如近岁韦苏州歌行，才丽之外，颇近兴讽；其五言诗，又高雅闲淡，自成一家之体，今之秉笔者谁能及之？然当苏州在时，人亦未甚爱重，必待身后，人始贵之。今仆之诗，人所爱者，悉不过杂律诗与《长恨歌》已下耳。时之所重，仆之所轻。至于讽谕者，意激而言质；闲适者，思澹而辞迂。以质合迂，宜人之不爱也。今所爱者，并世而生，独足下耳。然百千年后，安知复无如足下者出，而知爱我诗哉？故自八九年来，与足下小通则以诗相戒，小穷则以诗相勉，索居则以诗相慰，同处则以诗相娱。知吾罪吾，率以诗也。如今年春游城南时，与足下马上相戏，因各诵新艳小律，不杂他篇，自皇子陂归昭国里，迭吟递唱，不绝声者二十里余。攀、李在傍，无所措口。知我者以为诗仙，不知我者以为诗魔。何则？劳心灵，役声气，连朝接夕，不自知其苦，非魔而何？偶同人当美景，或花时宴罢，或月夜酒酣，一咏一吟，不觉老之将至。虽骖鸾鹤、游蓬瀛者之适，无以加于此焉，又非仙而何？微之，微之！此吾所以与足下外形骸、脱踪迹、傲轩鼎、轻人寰者，又以此也。当此之时，足下兴有余力，且欲与仆悉索还往中诗，取其尤长者，如张十八古乐府，李二十新歌行，卢、杨二秘书律诗，窦七、元八绝句，博搜精掇，编而次之，号为《元白往还集》。众君子得拟议于此者，莫不踊跃欣喜，以为盛事。嗟乎！言未终而足下左转，不数月而仆又继行，心期索然，何日成就？又可为之太息矣！仆常语足下，凡人为文，私于自是，不忍于割截，或失于繁多。其间妍媸，益又自惑。必待交友有公鉴无姑息者，讨论而削夺之，然后繁简当否，得其中矣。况仆与足下，为文尤患其多。己尚病，况他人乎？今且各纂诗笔，粗为卷第，待与足下相见日，各出所有，终前志焉。又不知相遇是何年，相见是何地，溘然而至，则如之何？微之知我心哉！浔阳腊月，江风苦寒，岁暮鲜欢，夜长少睡。引笔铺纸，悄然灯前，有念则书，言无铨次。勿以繁杂为倦，且以代一夕之话言也。居易自叙如此，文士以为信然。蟾桂云梯折，鳌山鹤驾游。他年两成事，堪喜是邻州。绕陂烟雨种菰蒋。芦刀夜鲙红鳞腻，水甑朝蒸紫芋香。茅庵草舍活计，直吃的醺醺醉如泥，吃的尽醉方归。旦清歌道童声齐，相随。乐乐跎跎，又不管是非。快活了一日，一朝便宜。闲时节看古书，闷把青山对，归去来兮。一带山如翠，牢把柴门闭。危来催，危来催，不恋荣华贵！不如饮金杯，饮金杯，一世儿清闲落得。　幽居常笑屈原独醒，理论甚斜和正？浑清，争，一事无成，汨罗江倾送了残生，无能！我料这里直，难买人世情。顺时和光，倒得安宁。静处潜，深山里隐，且养疏慵。愿学陶渊明，卸印归三径。不争名，不争名，曾共高人论。且妆忄昏，且妆忄昏，识破南柯梦境。　玩世秦宫汉阙豪奢，到如今实难曰。伤嗟，些，土尽灰竭。叹消磨多少贤哲，豪杰。百代功名，千年志节。半霎南柯，一梦胡蝶。尘外人，林中客，甘分闲也。弗使心饕餮，只要身常洁。且妆呆，且妆呆，静把柴门叠。晋朝耶，魏朝耶，指落花无言自说。　村居农家畏日炎天，避暑在黄芦堰。林泉，边，跣足而眠。有忘忧白鹭红鸳，堪怜。斗举香醪，齐歌采莲。悲意忘形，乐矣欣然。瓦缶斟，磁瓯里劝，邻叟相传。除此于飞愿，只此予终愿。更无言，更无言，盏盏干干咽。不留涓，不留涓，一饮一个前合后偃。　题情孤眠怎睚今宵，更那堪孤灯儿照。心焦，焦，宝鼎内香烧，画檐间铁马儿轻敲，风梢。一弄儿凄凉，都来的吵闹。促织儿纱窗，絮絮叨叨。想起来，添烦恼，不觉的斜月上花梢。天外宾鸿叫，有梦还惊觉。好心焦，好心焦，盛添十年老。畅难熬，畅难熬，断人肠金鸡报晓。　闺怨孤眠冷冷清清，恰才则人初静。又被和风，风，吹灭残灯。不由的见景生情，伤心。暗想才郎，全无些志诚。月下星前，海誓山盟。想起来，添愁闷，不觉的倒枕翻衾。窗外寒风动，吹觉南柯梦。好伤情，好伤情，独自珊瑚枕。泪如倾，泪如倾，眼见的我今春瘦损。浓绿丛中，露半坼芳苞，自然奇绝。水亭风槛，正是蕤宾之月。固知道、春色无多，但绛英数点，照眼先发。为君的皪，尽是重心千叶。饱霜犹郁葱，立雪故清润。下有老成人，持心以相印。愁怀无语相看。谩写人、徽弦自弹。小院黄昏，前村风雨，莫倚阑干。忽逢碧树含清风。清风留我移时住，满地浓阴懒前去。

liu shi xiang jin lao xing hai .an le wo zhong qie bi guai .gao gan shang ji lia xiu zheng sai .zao hui tou jia qu lai .dui hua shan cui bi dan ya .jiang xiao kuo kuo shu fang gai .lv wei wei song shu zai .dao da lai you zai .ping sheng yuan zi xi shan lin .yi zi gui lai zhi dao jin .xiang hong chen ben zou bai tu shen .zen ru an zui shi ge xing hou yin .chu men lai yuan he xiang xun .shan yin yin yan xia run .shui chan chan jin yu yin .yin ci shang liu zhu shen xin .zhong nian cai guo bian xiu guan .he gong shen xian yi yang kan .chu men lai shan shui xiang liu lian .dao da lai er gen qing yan jie kuan .xi xun si zhe de shi zhen huan .huang jin dai chan zhuo you huan .zi luo lan guo zhuo huo duan .zen ru an li zhang teng guan .yong jiang nan yi jiang yan shui zhao qing lan .liang an ren jia jie hua yan .ji he cong yi duan qiu guang dan .kan sha ou wu zai san .juan xiang feng shi li zhu lian .hua chuan er tian bian zhi .jiu qi er feng wai zhan .ai sha jiang nan .yong sui xian tang chuo 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zhe .bian yu kuai yan .wang wang zi yi .bu zhi xiang qu wan li ye .ji er fen fei zhi qi .si you suo zhuo .sui zhui jiu qian zhi .mian wei ci shu .zu xia xing shi wei pu liu yi yi sheng .fu wen .shang yi .san cai ge you wen .tian zhi wen san guang shou zhi .di zhi wen wu cai shou zhi .ren zhi wen .liu jing .shou zhi .jiu .liu jing .yan ..shi .you shou zhi .he zhe .sheng ren gan ren xin er tian xia he ping .gan ren xin zhe .mo xian hu qing .mo shi hu yan .mo qie hu sheng .mo shen hu yi .shi zhe .gen qing .miao yan .hua sheng .shi yi .shang zi sheng xian .xia zhi yu si .wei ji tun yu .you ji gui shen .qun fen er qi tong .xing yi er qing yi .wei you sheng ru er bu ying .qing jiao er bu gan zhe .sheng ren zhi qi ran .yin qi yan .jing zhi yi liu yi .yuan qi sheng .wei zhi yi wu yin .yin you yun .yi you lei .yun xie ze yan shun .yan shun ze sheng yi ru .lei ju ze qing jian .qing jian ze gan yi jiao .yu shi hu yun da han shen .guan wei dong mi .shang xia tong er yi qi tai .you le he er bai zhi 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.duo ni yu shan shui .yi yuan ming zhi gao gu .pian fang yu tian yuan .jiang .bao zhi liu .you xia yu ci .ru liang hong .wu yi .zhi li zhe .bai wu yi er .yu shi liu yi jin wei yi .ling yi zhi yu liang .chen jian .lv bu guo chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yi .feng xue hua cao zhi wu .san bai pian zhong qi she zhi hu .gu suo yong he ru er .she ru .bei feng qi liang ..jia feng yi ci wei nue ..yu xue fei fei ..yin xue yi min zheng yi ..tang di zhi hua ..gan hua yi feng xiong di ..cai cai fu yi ..mei cao yi le you zi ye .jie xing fa yu ci er yi gui yu bi .fan shi zhe .ke hu zai .ran ze .yu xia san cheng qi .cheng jiang jing ru lian ...gui hua xian wei lu .bie ye zha ci feng .zhi shi .li ze li yi .wu bu zhi qi suo feng yan .gu pu suo wei chao feng xue .nong hua cao er yi .yu shi liu yi jin qu yi .tang xing er bai nian .qi jian shi ren bu ke sheng shu .suo ke ju zhe .chen zi ang you .gan yu shi .er shi shou .bao fang .gan xing shi .shi wu pian .you shi zhi hao zhe .shi cheng li .du .li zhi zuo .cai yi .qi yi .ren bu dai yi .suo qi feng ya bi xing .shi wu yi yan .du shi zui duo .ke chuan zhe qian yu shou .zhi yu guan chuan gu jin .zhen lv ge lv .jin gong jin shan .you guo yu li yan .ran cuo qi .xin an ...shi hao ...tong guan li ...lu zi guan ...hua men .zhi zhang ..zhu men jiu rou chou .lu you dong si gu .zhi ju .yi bu guo shi san si .du shang ru ci .kuang bu dai du zhe hu .pu chang tong shi dao beng huai .hu hu fen fa .huo fei shi chuo qin .bu liang cai li .yu fu qi zhi .jie hu .shi you da miu zhe .you bu ke yi er er yan .ran yi bu neng bu cu chen yu zuo you .pu shi sheng liu qi yue shi .ru mu bao nong yu shu ping xia .you zhi .zhi .zi ..wu .zi shi pu zhe .pu kou wei neng yan .xin yi mo shi .hou you wen ci er zi zhe .sui bai shi qi shi .er zhi zhi bu cha .ze zhi pu su xi zhi yuan .yi zai wen zi zhong yi .ji wu liu sui .bian xue wei shi .jiu sui an shi sheng yun .shi wu liu .shi zhi you jin shi .ku jie du shu .er shi yi lai .zhou ke fu .ye ke shu .jian you ke shi .bu 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you qin .ci yi chou en jiang .sai yan ze .xia yi fu wu ping sheng zhi zhi .qi tu zhi wei jiu er hui yi sheng .yan wei wen er bang yi cheng yi .you qing wei zuo you zhong yan zhi .fan wen pu .he yu shi ..zhong kou ji ji .yi wei fei yi yi .wen pu .ku kong kan shi ..zhong mian mai mai .jin bu yue yi .wen .qin zhong yin ..ze quan hao gui jin zhe .xiang mu er bian se yi .wen .deng le you yuan .ji zu xia shi .ze zhi zheng bing zhe e wan yi .wen .su zi ge cun .shi .ze wo jun yao zhe qie chi yi .da lv ru ci .bu ke bian ju .bu xiang yu zhe .hao wei gu yu .hao wei di jie .hao wei shan bang .gou xiang yu zhe .ze ru niu seng ru zhi jie yan .nai zhi gu rou qi nu .jie yi wo wei fei ye .qi bu wo fei zhe .ju shi bu guo san liang ren .you deng fang zhe .jian pu shi er xi .wu he fang si .you tang qu zhe .jian pu shi er qi .wei ji er qu si .qi yu ji zu xia .zu xia you shi nian lai kun zhi ruo ci .wu hu .qi liu yi si shi zhi feng .tian jiang po huai .bu ke zhi chi ye .yi you bu zhi tian yi bu yu shi xia ren bing ku wen yu shang ye .bu ran .he you zhi yu shi zhe .bu li ruo ci zhi shen ye .ran pu you zi si guan dong yi nan zi er .chu du shu shu wen wai .qi ta meng ran wu zhi .nai zhi shu hua qi bo .ke yi jie qun ju zhi huan zhe .yi wu tong xiao .ji qi yu zhuo ke zhi yi .chu ying jin shi shi .zhong chao wu si ma zhi qin .da guan wu ban mian zhi jiu .ce jian bu yu li zu zhi tu .zhang kong quan yu zhan wen zhi chang .shi nian zhi jian .san deng ke di .ming luo zhong er .ji sheng qing guan .chu jiao xian jun .ru shi mian liu .shi de ming yu wen zhang .zhong de zui yu wen zhang .yi qi yi ye .ri zhe wen qin you jian shuo .li .li bu ju xuan ren .duo yi pu si shi fu pan wei zhun de .qi yu shi ju .yi wang wang zai ren kou zhong .pu nv ran zi kui .bu zhi xin ye .ji zai lai chang an .you wen you jun shi gao xia yu zhe .yu pin chang ji .ji da kua yue ..wo song de bai xue shi .chang hen ge ..qi tong ta zai ..you shi zeng jia .you zu xia shu yun .dao tong zhou ri .jian jiang guan zhu jian you ti pu shi zhe .he ren zai .you zuo guo han nan ri .shi yu zhu ren ji zhong yu le .ta bin zhu ji jian pu lai .zhi er xiang gu yue .ci shi .qin zhong yin ...chang hen ge .zhu er .zi chang an di jiang xi san si qian li .fan xiang xiao .fo si .ni lv .xing zhou zhi zhong .wang wang you ti pu shi zhe .shi shu .seng tu .shuang fu .chu nv zhi kou .mei you yong pu shi zhe .ci cheng diao zhuan zhi xi .bu zu wei duo .ran jin shi su suo zhong .zheng zai ci er .sui qian xian ru yuan .yun zhe .qian bei ru li .du zhe .yi wei neng wang qing yu qi jian .gu ren yun ..ming zhe gong qi .bu ke duo qu ..pu shi he zhe .qie shi zhi ming yi duo .ji qie shi ming .you yu qie shi zhi fu gui .shi ji wei zao wu zhe .ken jian yu zhi hu .jin zhi tun qiong .li gu ran ye .kuang shi ren duo jian .ru chen zi ang .du fu .ge shou yi shi yi .er tun bao zhi si .meng hao ran bei bu ji yi ming .qiong cui zhong shen .jin ri meng jiao liu shi .zhong shi xie lv .zhang ji wu shi .wei li yi tai zhu .bi he ren zai .kuang pu zhi cai you bu 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.chang shi ci yu .da zhang fu suo shou zhe dao .suo dai zhe shi .shi zhi lai ye .wei yun long .wei feng peng .bo ran tu ran .chen li yi chu .shi zhi bu lai ye .wei wu bao .wei ming hong .ji xi liao xi .feng shen er tui .jin tui chu chu .he wang er bu zi de zai .gu pu zhi zai jian ji .xing zai du shan .feng er shi zhong zhi ze wei dao .yan er fa ming zhi ze wei shi .wei zhi feng yu shi .jian ji zhi zhi ye .wei zhi xian shi shi .du shan zhi yi ye .gu lan pu shi zhe .zhi pu zhi dao yan .qi yu za lv shi .huo you yu yi shi yi wu .fa yu yi xiao yi yin .lv ran cheng zhang .fei ping sheng suo shang zhe .dan yi qin peng he san zhi ji .qu qi shi hen zuo huan .jin quan ci zhi jian .wei neng shan qu .ta shi you wei wo bian ji si wen zhe .lue zhi ke ye .wei zhi .fu gui er jian mu .rong gu lou jin .ren zhi da qing ye .pu bu neng yuan zheng gu jiu .ru jin sui wei su zhou ge xing .cai li zhi wai .po jin xing feng .qi wu yan shi .you gao ya xian dan .zi cheng yi jia zhi ti .jin zhi bing bi zhe shui 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qi zhong yi .kuang pu yu zu xia .wei wen you huan qi duo .ji shang bing .kuang ta ren hu .jin qie ge zuan shi bi .cu wei juan di .dai yu zu xia xiang jian ri .ge chu suo you .zhong qian zhi yan .you bu zhi xiang yu shi he nian .xiang jian shi he di .ke ran er zhi .ze ru zhi he .wei zhi zhi wo xin zai .xun yang la yue .jiang feng ku han .sui mu xian huan .ye chang shao shui .yin bi pu zhi .qiao ran deng qian .you nian ze shu .yan wu quan ci .wu yi fan za wei juan .qie yi dai yi xi zhi hua yan ye .ju yi zi xu ru ci .wen shi yi wei xin ran .chan gui yun ti zhe .ao shan he jia you .ta nian liang cheng shi .kan xi shi lin zhou .rao bei yan yu zhong gu jiang .lu dao ye kuai hong lin ni .shui zeng chao zheng zi yu xiang .mao an cao she huo ji .zhi chi de xun xun zui ru ni .chi de jin zui fang gui ..dan qing ge dao tong sheng qi .xiang sui .le le tuo tuo .you bu guan shi fei .kuai huo liao yi ri .yi chao bian yi .xian shi jie kan gu shu .men ba qing shan dui .gui qu lai xi .yi dai shan ru cui .lao ba chai men bi .wei lai cui .wei lai cui .bu lian rong hua gui .bu ru yin jin bei .yin jin bei .yi shi er qing xian luo de ..you ju chang xiao qu yuan du xing .li lun shen xie he zheng .hun qing .zheng .yi shi wu cheng .mi luo jiang qing song liao can sheng .wu neng .wo liao zhe li zhi .nan mai ren shi qing .shun shi he guang .dao de an ning .jing chu qian .shen shan li yin .qie yang shu yong .yuan xue tao yuan ming .xie yin gui san jing .bu zheng ming .bu zheng ming .zeng gong gao ren lun .qie zhuang xin hun .qie zhuang xin hun .shi po nan ke meng jing ..wan shi qin gong han que hao she .dao ru jin shi nan yue .shang jie .xie .tu jin hui jie .tan xiao mo duo shao xian zhe .hao jie .bai dai gong ming .qian nian zhi jie .ban sha nan ke .yi meng hu die .chen wai ren .lin zhong ke .gan fen xian ye .fu shi xin tao tie .zhi yao shen chang jie .qie zhuang dai .qie zhuang dai .jing ba chai men die .jin chao ye .wei chao ye .zhi luo hua wu yan zi shuo ..cun ju nong jia wei ri yan tian .bi shu zai huang lu yan .lin quan .bian .xian zu er mian .you wang you bai lu hong yuan .kan lian .dou ju xiang lao .qi ge cai lian .bei yi wang xing .le yi xin ran .wa fou zhen .ci ou li quan .lin sou xiang chuan .chu ci yu fei yuan .zhi ci yu zhong yuan .geng wu yan .geng wu yan .zhan zhan gan gan yan .bu liu juan .bu liu juan .yi yin yi ge qian he hou yan ..ti qing gu mian zen ya jin xiao .geng na kan gu deng er zhao .xin jiao .jiao .bao ding nei xiang shao .hua yan jian tie ma er qing qiao .feng shao .yi nong er qi liang .du lai de chao nao .cu zhi er sha chuang .xu xu dao dao .xiang qi lai .tian fan nao .bu jue de xie yue shang hua shao .tian wai bin hong jiao .you meng huan jing jue .hao xin jiao .hao xin jiao .sheng tian shi nian lao .chang nan ao .chang nan ao .duan ren chang jin ji bao xiao ..gui yuan gu mian leng leng qing qing .qia cai ze ren chu jing .you bei he feng .feng .chui mie can deng .bu you de jian jing sheng qing .shang xin .an xiang cai lang .quan wu xie zhi cheng .yue xia xing qian .hai shi shan meng .xiang qi lai .tian chou men .bu jue de dao zhen fan qin .chuang wai han feng dong .chui jue nan ke meng .hao shang qing .hao shang qing .du zi shan hu zhen .lei ru qing .lei ru qing .yan jian de wo jin chun shou sun .nong lv cong zhong .lu ban che fang bao .zi ran qi jue .shui ting feng jian .zheng shi rui bin zhi yue .gu zhi dao .chun se wu duo .dan jiang ying shu dian .zhao yan xian fa .wei jun de li .jin shi zhong xin qian ye .bao shuang you yu cong .li xue gu qing run .xia you lao cheng ren .chi xin yi xiang yin .chou huai wu yu xiang kan .man xie ren .hui xian zi dan .xiao yuan huang hun .qian cun feng yu .mo yi lan gan .hu feng bi shu han qing feng .qing feng liu wo yi shi zhu .man di nong yin lan qian qu .

　　陈涉能够得民心，因为打出了(liao)楚将项燕和公子扶苏的旗帜。项氏的兴盛，因为拥立(li)了楚怀王孙心；而诸侯背叛他，也是因为他谋杀了义帝。况且拥立义帝，范增实为主谋。义帝的存亡(wang)，岂止决(jue)定楚国的盛衰；范增也与此祸福相关。绝没有义帝被杀，而单单范增能够长久得生的道理。项羽杀卿子冠军；就是谋杀义帝的先兆；他杀义帝，就是怀疑范增的根本。难道还要等到陈平出反间之计吗？物品必定先腐烂了，然后才能生蛆虫；人必定先有了怀疑之心，然后谗言才得以听入。陈平虽说智慧过人，又怎么能够离间没有疑的君主呢？
绾（wǎn）：把头发盘旋起来打成结。云鬟（huán）：高耸入云的发髻。女子成年后发式由下垂改为绾结耸立。流落他乡头上已经(jing)生出白发，战后的家乡也只能见到青山。
（2）天涯：极边远的地方。诗人贬官夷陵(今湖北宜昌市)，距京城已远，故云。天色已晚，江边的白沙滩，翠绿的竹林渐渐笼罩在夜色中，锦里先生把我们送出柴门，此时一轮明月刚刚升起。
8.独：唯独，只有。其：指代石碑。文：文字，这里指的是碑上残存的文字。犹：还，仍。踩着白薠啊纵目四望，与佳人相约啊在今天晚上。
236. 伐：功业。　　新年已经来到，然而却还没有看到芬芳的鲜花，直到二月里，才惊喜地发现草儿萌发了绿芽。白雪似乎耐不住这春天的姗姗来迟，竟纷纷扬扬，在庭前的树木间洒下一片飞花。
5.殷云：浓云。看到拿缰绳的人不合(he)适啊，骏马也会蹦跳着远去。
塞垣：边关城墙。

　　第四段，是苏轼针对客之人生无常的感慨陈述自己的见解，以宽解对方。客曾“羡长江之无穷”，愿“抱明月而长终”。苏轼即以江水、明月为喻，提出“逝者如斯，而未尝往也；盈虚者如彼，而卒莫消长也”的认识。如果从事物变化的角度看，天地的存在不过是转瞬之间；如果从不变的角度看，则事物和人类都是无穷尽的，不必羡慕江水、明月和天地。自然也就不必“哀吾生之须臾”了。这表现了苏轼豁达的宇宙观和人生观，他赞成从多角度看问题而不同意把问题绝对化，因此，他在身处逆境中也能保持豁达、超脱、乐观和随缘自适的精神状态，并能从人生无常的怅惘中解脱出来，理性地对待生活。而后，作者又从天地间万物各有其主、个人不能强求予以进一步的说明。江上的清风有声，山间的明月有色，江山无穷，风月长存，天地无私，声色娱人，作者恰恰可以徘徊其间而自得其乐。此情此景乃缘于李白的《襄阳歌》：“清风明月不用一钱买，玉山自倒非人推”，进而深化之。
　　在京求仕不成， 诗中便充溢着对“当路谁相假”的愤懑，并用“独寻芳草去”自我解嘲。
　　此追忆扬州岁月之作。杜牧于公元833-835年（文宗大和七年至九年）在淮南节度使牛僧孺幕府任推官，转掌书记，居扬州。当时他三十一、二岁，颇好宴游。从此诗看，他与扬州青楼女子多有来往，诗酒风流，放浪形骸。故日后追忆，乃有如梦如幻、一事无成之叹。这是诗人感慨人生自伤怀才不遇之作，非如某些文学史所论游戏人生，轻佻颓废，庸俗放荡之什。《唐人绝句精华》云：“才人不得见重于时之意，发为此诗，读来但见其兀傲不平之态。世称杜牧诗情豪迈，又谓其不为龊龊小谨，即此等诗可见其概。”
　　“而今渐觉出蓬蒿。”蓬蒿，即蓬草、蒿草，草类中长得较高者。《小松》杜荀鹤 古诗原先被百草踩在脚底下，可现在它已超出蓬蒿的高度；其他的草当然更不在话下。这个“出”字用得精当，不仅显示了《小松》杜荀鹤 古诗由小转大、发展变化的情景，而且在结构上也起了承前启后的作用：“出”是“刺”的必然结果，也是未来“凌云”的先兆。事物发展总是循序渐进，不可能一步登天，故《小松》杜荀鹤 古诗从“刺头深草里”到“出蓬蒿”，只能“渐觉”。“渐觉”说得既有分寸，又很含蓄。是谁“渐觉”的呢？只有关心、爱护《小松》杜荀鹤 古诗的人，时时观察、比较，才能“渐觉”；至于那些不关心《小松》杜荀鹤 古诗成长的人，视而不见，哪能谈得上“渐觉”呢？故作者笔锋一转，发出深深的慨叹：
　　“白华鉴寒水，怡我适野情。前趋问长老，重复欣嘉名。”讲的是寻得灵寿木的过程。柳宗元被贬到永州后，因政治上遭迫害和永州恶劣的生存环境，三十多岁的人迅速衰老，对于过早的生出白发，诗人是很伤心的。《始见白发题所植海石榴树》云：“从此休论上春事，看成古树对衰翁。”随着时间的推移，被重新启用的希望已成为渺茫的梦，而永州山水和永州人对诗人的关怀和慰藉，使诗人渐次忘却了悲哀。而以一老翁自居，认真地做起了永州人来。
　　这首诗题作《春思》，诗中也句句就春立意。在艺术手法的运用上，诗人是以前两句反衬后两句，使所要表达的愁恨显得加倍强烈。首句“草色青青柳色黄”，已经用嫩绿、鹅黄两色把这幅春草丛生、柳丝飘拂的生机盎然的画面点染得十分明媚；次句“桃花历乱李花香”，更用暗笔为这幅画添上嫣红、洁白两色，并以写气图貌之笔传出了花枝披离、花气氤氲的浓春景象，使画面上的春光更加艳冶，春意更加喧闹。诗人在这两句里写足了春景，其目的在从反面衬托出与这良辰美景形成强烈对照的无法消除的深愁苦恨。
　　后两句则在淡淡致意中透出深深祝福。江南不仅不是一无所有，有的正是诗人的诚挚情怀，而这一切，全凝聚在小小的一枝梅花上。由此可见，诗人的情趣是多么高雅， 想象是多么丰富。 “一枝春”，是借代的手法，以一代全，象征春天的来临，也隐含着对相聚时刻的期待。联想友人睹物思人，一定能明了诗人的慧心。
　　以上两句从远一直写到近，写春风能使皇帝的仪仗显得更为显赫。可以试想，这样长长的仪仗队在春风中飘拂着前进，与在夏日无风的蔫搭搭地前进，则这有风与无风的气象是完全不同的。
　　诗的前两句“天回北斗挂西楼，金屋无人萤火流”，点出时间是午夜，季节是凉秋，地点则是一座空旷寂寥的冷宫。唐人用《长门怨》题写宫怨的诗很多，意境往往有相似之处。沈佺期的《长门怨》有“玉阶闻坠叶，罗幌见飞萤”句，张修之的《长门怨》有“玉阶草露积，金屋网尘生”句，都是以类似的景物来渲染环境气氛，但比不上李白这两句诗的感染力之强。两句中，上句着一“挂”字，下句着一“流”字，给人以异常凄凉之感。