牧大和三年，佐故吏部沈公江西幕，好好年十三，始以善歌舞来乐籍中。后一岁，公移镇宣城，复置好好于宣城籍中。后二岁，为沈着作以双鬟纳之。后二岁，于洛阳东城重睹好好，感旧伤怀，故题诗赠之。君为豫章姝，十三才有余。翠茁凤生尾，丹脸莲含跗。高阁倚天半，章江联碧虚。此地试君唱，特使华筵铺。主公顾四座，始讶来踟蹰。吴娃起引赞，低回映长裾。双鬟可高下，才过青罗襦。盼盼乍垂袖，一声雏凤唿。繁弦迸关纽，塞管裂圆芦。众音不能逐，袅袅穿云衢。主公再三叹，谓言天下殊。赠之天马锦，副以水犀梳。龙沙看秋浪，明月游东湖。自此每相见，三日已为疏。玉质随月满，艳态逐春舒。绛唇渐轻巧，云步转虚徐。旌旆忽东下，笙歌随舳舻。霜凋谢楼树，沙暖句溪蒲。身外任尘土，樽前且欢娱。飘然集仙客，讽赋欺相如。聘之碧瑶佩，载以紫云车。洞闭水声远，月高蟾影孤。尔来未几岁，散尽高阳徒。洛城重相见，婥婥为当垆。怪我苦何事，少年垂白须。朋游今在否，落拓更能无？门馆恸哭后，水云愁景初。斜日挂衰柳，凉风生座隅。洒尽满襟泪，短歌聊一书。有风还自掩，无事昼常关。开阖从方便，干坤在此间。刘氏者，某乡寡妇也。育一儿，昼则疾耕作于田间，夜则纺织于烛下，竟年如是。邻有贫乏者，刘氏辄以斗升相济。偶有无衣者，刘氏以己之衣遗之。乡里咸称其善。然儿不解，心有憾。母诫之曰：“与人为善，乃为人之本，谁无缓急之事。”母卒三年，刘家大火，屋舍衣物皆尽。乡邻纷纷给其衣物，且为之伐木建第，皆念刘氏之情也。时刘儿方悟母之善举也。一晏子使楚。楚人以晏子短，楚人为小门于大门之侧而延晏子。晏子不入，曰：“使狗国者从狗门入，今臣使楚，不当从此门入。”傧者更道，从大门入。见楚王。王曰：“齐无人耶？”晏子对曰：“齐之临淄三百闾，张袂成阴，挥汗成雨，比肩继踵而在，何为无人？”王曰：“然则何为使予？”晏子对曰：“齐命使，各有所主：其贤者使使贤主，不肖者使使不肖主。婴最不肖，故宜使楚矣！”（张袂成阴 一作：张袂成帷）二晏子将使楚。楚王闻之，谓左右曰：“晏婴，齐之习辞者也。今方来，吾欲辱之，何以也？”左右对曰：“为其来也，臣请缚一人，过王而行，王曰：‘何为者也？’对曰：‘齐人也。’王曰：‘何坐？’曰：‘坐盗。’三晏子至，楚王赐晏子酒，酒酣，吏二缚一人诣王。王曰：“缚者曷为者也？”对曰：“齐人也，坐盗。”王视晏子曰：“齐人固善盗乎？”晏子避席对曰：“婴闻之，橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳，叶徒相似，其实味不同。所以然者何？水土异也。今民生长于齐不盗，入楚则盗，得无楚之水土使民善盗耶？”王笑曰：“ 圣人非所与熙也，寡人反取病焉。”伤心莫问前朝事，重上越王台。鹧鸪啼处，东风草绿，残照花开。怅然孤啸，青山故国，乔木苍苔。当时明月，依依素影，何处飞来？臣窃惟事势，可为痛哭者一，可为流涕者二，可为长太息者六，若其它背理而伤道者，难遍以疏举。进言者皆曰天下已安已治矣，臣独以为未也。曰安且治者，非愚则谀，皆非事实知治乱之体者也。夫抱火厝之积薪之下而寝其上，火未及燃，因谓之安，方今之势，何以异此！本末舛逆，首尾衡决，国制抢攘，非甚有纪，胡可谓治！陛下何不一令臣得熟数之于前，因陈治安之策，试详择焉！夫射猎之娱，与安危之机孰急？使为治劳智虑，苦身体，乏钟鼓之乐，勿为可也。乐与今同，而加之诸侯轨道，兵革不动，民保首领，匈叙宾服，四荒乡风，百姓素朴，狱讼衰息。大数既得，则天下顺治，海内之气，清和咸理，生为明帝，没为明神，名誉之美，垂于无穷。《礼》祖有功而宗有德，使顾成之庙称为太宗，上配太祖，与汉亡极。建久安之势，成长治之业，以承祖庙，以奉六亲，至孝也；以幸天下，以育群生，至仁也；立经陈纪，轻重同得，后可以为万世法程，虽有愚幼不肖之嗣，犹得蒙业而安，至明也。以陛下之明达，因使少知治体者得佐下风，致此非难也。其具可素陈于前，愿幸无忽。臣谨稽之天地，验之往古，按之当今之务，日夜念此至孰也，虽使禹舜复生，为陛下计，亡以易此。夫树国固，必相疑之势也，下数被其殃，上数爽其忧，甚非所以安上而全下也。今或亲弟谋为东帝，亲兄之子西乡而击，今吴又见告矣。天子春秋鼎盛，行义未过，德泽有加焉，犹尚如是，况莫大诸侯权力且十此者乎！然而天下少安，何也？大国之王幼弱未壮，汉之所置傅相方握其事。数年之后，诸侯之王大抵皆冠，血气方刚，汉之傅相称病而赐罢，彼自丞尉以上徧置私人，如此，有异淮南、济北之为邪？此时而欲为治安，虽尧舜不治。黄帝曰：“日中必熭，操刀必割。”今令此道顺，而全安甚易；不肯早为，已乃堕骨肉之属而抗刭之，岂有异秦之季世乎！夫以天子之位，乘今之时，因天之助，尚惮以危为安，以乱为治，假设陛下居齐桓之处，将不合诸侯而匡天下乎？臣又以知陛下有所必不能矣。假设天下如曩时，淮阴侯尚王楚，黥布王淮南，彭越王梁，韩信王韩，张敖王赵，贯高为相，卢绾王燕，陈狶在代，令此六七公者皆亡恙，当是时而陛下即天子位，能自安乎？臣有以知陛下之不能也。天下肴乱，高皇帝与诸公倂起，非有仄室之势以豫席之也。诸公幸者乃为中涓，其次仅得舍人，材之不逮至远也。高皇帝以明圣威武即天子位，割膏腴之地以王诸公，多者百余城，少者乃三四十县，德至渥也，然其后十年之间，反者九起。陛下之与诸公，非亲角材而臣之也，又非身封王之也，自高皇帝不能以是一岁为安，故臣知陛下之不能也。然尚有可诿者，曰疏。臣请试言其亲者。假令悼惠王王齐，元王王楚，中子王赵，幽王王淮阳，共王王梁，灵王王燕，厉王王淮南，六七贵人皆亡恙，当是时陛下即位，能为治乎？臣又知陛下之不能也。若此诸王，虽名为臣，实皆有布衣昆弟之心，虑无不帝制而天子自为者。擅爵人，赦死罪，甚者或戴黄屋，汉法令非行也。虽行不轨如厉王者，令之不肯听，召之安可致乎！幸而来至，法安可得加！动一亲戚，天下圜视而起，陛下之臣虽有悍如冯敬者，适启其口，匕首已陷其胸矣。陛下虽贤，谁与领此？故疏者必危，亲者必乱，已然之效也。其异姓负强而动者，汉已幸胜之矣，又不易其所以然。同姓袭是迹而动，既有徵矣，其势尽又复然。殃祸之变未知所移，明帝处之尚不能以安，后世将如之何！屠牛坦一朝解十二牛，而芒刃不顿者，所排击剥割，皆众理解也。至于髋髀之所，非斤则斧。夫仁义恩厚，人主之芒刃也；权势法制，人主之斤斧也。今诸侯王皆众髋髀也，释斤斧之用，而欲婴以芒刃，臣以为不缺则折。胡不用之淮南、济北？势不可也。臣窃迹前事，大抵强者先反，淮阴王楚最强，则最先反；韩信倚胡，则又反；贯高因赵资，则又反；陈狶兵精，则又反；彭越用梁，则又反；黥布用淮南，则又反；卢绾最弱，最后反。长沙乃在二万五千户耳，功少而最完，势疏而最忠，非独性异人也，亦形势然也。曩令樊、郦、绛、灌据数十城而王，今虽以残亡可也；令信、越之伦列为彻侯而居，虽至今存可也。然则天下之大计可知已。欲诸王之皆忠附，则莫若令如长沙王，欲臣子之勿菹醢，则莫若令如樊郦等；欲天下之治安，莫若众建诸侯而少其力。力少则易使以义，国小则亡邪心。令海内之势如身之使臂，臂之使指，莫不制从。诸侯之君不敢有异心，辐凑并进而归命天子，虽在细民，且知其安，故天下咸知陛下之明。割地定制，令齐、赵、楚各为若干国，使悼惠王、幽王、元王之子孙毕以次各受祖之分地，地尽而止，及燕、梁它国皆然。其分地众而子孙少者，建以为国，空而置之，须其子孙生者，举使君之。诸侯之地其削颇入汉者，为徙其侯国，及封其子孙也，所以数偿之；一寸之地，一人之众，天子亡所利焉，诚以定治而已，故天下咸知陛下之廉。地制壹定，宗室子孙莫虑不王，下无倍畔之心，上无诛伐之志，故天下咸知陛下之仁。法立而不犯，令行而不逆，贯高、利几之谋不生，柴奇、开章不计不萌，细民乡善，大臣致顺，故天下咸知陛下之义。卧赤子天下之上而安，植遗腹，朝委裘，而天下不乱。当时大治，后世诵圣。壹动而五业附，陛下谁惮而久不为此？天下之势方病大瘇。一胫之大几如要，一指之大几如股，平居不可屈信，一二指搐，身虑亡聊。失今不治，必为锢疾，后虽有扁鹊，不能为已。病非徒瘇也，又苦跖戾。元王之子，帝之从弟也，今之王者，从弟之子也。惠王之子，亲兄子也；今之王者，兄子之子也。亲者或亡分地以安天下，疏者或制大权以逼天子，臣故曰非徒病瘇也，又苦跖戾。可痛哭者，此病是也。天下之势方倒县。凡天子者，天下之首，何也？上也。蛮夷者，天下之足，何也？下也。今匈奴嫚娒侵掠，至不敬也，为天下患，至亡已也，而汉岁金絮采缯以奉之。夷狄征令，是主上之操也；天子共贡，是臣下之礼也。足反居上，首顾居下，倒县如此，莫之能解，犹为国有人乎？非亶倒县而已，又类辟，且病痱。夫辟者一面病，痱者一方痛。今西边北边之郡，虽有长爵不轻得复，五尺以上不轻得息，斥候望烽燧不得卧，将吏被介胄而睡，臣故曰一方病矣。医能治之，而上不使，可为流涕者此也。陛下何忍以帝皇之号为戎人诸侯，势既卑辱，而祸不息，长此安穷！进谋者率以为是，固不可解也，亡具甚矣。臣窃料匈奴之众不过汉一大县，以天下之大困于一县之众，甚为执事者羞之。陛下何不试以臣为属国之官以主匈奴？行臣之计，请必系单于之颈而制其命，伏中行说而笞其背，举匈奴之众唯上之令。今不猎勐敌而猎田彘，不搏反寇而搏畜菟，玩细娱而不图大患，非所以为安也。德可远施，威可远加，而直数百里外威令不信，可为流涕者此也。今民卖僮者，为之绣衣丝履偏诸缘，内之闲中，是古天子后服，所以庙而不宴者也，而庶人得以衣婢妾。白縠之表，薄纨之里， 以偏诸，美者黼绣，是古天子之服，今富人大贾嘉会召客者以被墙。古者以奉一帝一后而节适，今庶人屋壁得为帝服，倡优下贱得为后饰，然而天下不屈者，殆未有也。且帝之身自衣皁绨，而富民墙屋被文绣；天子之后以缘其领，庶人孽妾缘其履：此臣所谓舛也。夫百人作之不能衣一人，欲天下亡寒，胡可得也？一人耕之，十人聚而食之，欲天下亡饥，不可得也。饥寒切于民之肌肤，欲其亡为奸邪，不可得也。国已屈矣，盗贼直须时耳，然而献计者曰“毋动”，为大耳。夫俗至大不敬也，至亡等也，至冒上也，进计者犹曰“毋为”，可为长太息者此也。商君遗礼义，弃仁恩，并心于进取。行之二岁，秦俗日败。故秦人家富子壮则出分，家贫子壮则出赘。借父耰鉏，虑有德色；母取箕帚，立而谇语。抱哺其于，与公并倨；妇姑不相说，则反唇而相稽。其慈子耆利，不同禽兽者亡几耳。然并心而赴时犹曰蹶六国，兼天下。功成求得矣，终不知反廉愧之节，仁义之厚。信并兼之法，遂进取之业，天下大败，众掩寡，智欺愚，勇威怯，壮陵衰，其乱至矣，是以大贤起之，威震海内，德从天下。曩之为秦者，今转而为汉矣。然其遗风余俗，犹尚未改。今世以侈靡相竞，而上亡制度，弃礼谊，捐廉耻日甚，可谓月异而岁不同矣。逐利不耳，虑非顾行也，今其甚者杀父兄矣。盗者剟寝户之帘，搴两庙之器，白昼大都之中剽吏而夺之金。矫伪者出几十万石粟，赋六百余万钱，乘传而行郡国，此其亡行义之尤至者也。而大臣特以簿书不报，期会之间，以为大故。至于俗流失，世坏败，因恬而不知怪，虑不动于耳目，以为是适然耳。夫移风易俗，使天下回心而乡道，类非俗吏之所能为也。俗吏之所务，在于刀笔筐箧，而不知大体。陛下又不自忧，窃为陛下惜之。夫立君臣，等上下，使父子有礼，六亲有纪，此非天之所为，人之所设也。夫人之所设，不为不立，不植则僵，不修则坏。《管子》曰：“礼义廉耻，是谓四维；四维不张，国乃灭亡。”使管子愚人也则可，管子而少知治体，则是岂可不为寒心哉！秦灭四维而不张，故君臣乖乱，六亲殃戮，奸人并起，万民离叛，凡十三岁，而社稷为虚。今四维犹未备也，故奸人几幸，而众心疑惑。岂如今定经制，令君君臣臣，上下有差，父子六亲各得其宜，奸人亡所几幸，而群臣众信，是不疑惑！此业一定，世世常安，而后有所持循矣。若夫经制不定，是犹度江河亡维楫，中流而遇风波，舩必覆矣。可为长太息者此也。夏为天子，十有余世，而殷受之。殷为天子，二十余世，而周受之。周为天子，三十余世，而秦受之。秦为天子，二世而亡。人性不甚相远也，何三代之君有道之长，而秦无道之暴也？其故可知也。古之王者，太子乃生，固举以礼，使士负之，有司齐肃端冕，见之南郊，见于天也。过阙则下，过庙则趋，孝子之道也。故自为赤子而教固已行矣。昔者成王幼在襁抱之中，召公为太保，周公为太傅，太公为太师。保，保其身体；傅，传之德义；师，道之教训：此三公之职也。于是为置三少，皆上大夫也，曰少保、少傅、少师，是与太子宴者也。故乃孩子提有识，三公、三少固明孝仁礼义以道习之，逐去邪人，不使见恶行。于是皆选天下之端士孝悌博闻有道术者以卫翼之，使与太子居处出入。故太子乃生而见正事，闻正言，行正道，左右前后皆正人也。夫习与正人居之，不能毋正，犹生长于齐不能不齐言也；习与不正人居之，不能毋不正，犹生长于楚之地不能不楚言也。故择其所耆，必先受业，乃得尝之；择其所乐，必先有习，乃得为之。孔子曰：“少成若天性，习贯如自然。”及太子少长，知妃色，则入于学。学者，所学之官也。《学礼》曰：“帝入东学，上亲而贵仁，则亲疏有序而恩相及矣；帝入南学，上齿而贵信，则长幼有差而民不诬矣；帝入西学，上贤而贵德，则圣智在位而功不遗矣；帝入北学，上贵而尊爵，则贵贱有等而下不 矣；帝入太学，承师问道，退习而考于太傅，太傅罚其不则而匡其不及，则德智长而治道得矣。此五学者既成于上，则百姓黎民化辑于下矣。”及太于既冠成人，免于保傅之严，则有记过之史，彻膳之宰，进善之旌，诽谤之木，敢谏之鼓。瞽史诵诗，工诵箴谏，大夫进谋，士传民语。习与智长，故切而不媿；化与心成，故中道若性。三代之礼：春朝朝日，秋暮夕月，所以明有敬也；春秋入学，坐国老，执酱而亲馈之，所以明有孝也；行以鸾和，步中《采齐》，趣中《肆夏》，所以明有度也；其于禽兽，见其生不食其死，闻其声不食其肉，故远庖厨，所以长恩，且明有仁也。夫三代之所以长久者，以其辅翼太子有此具也。及秦而不然。其俗固非贵辞让也，所上者告讦也；固非贵礼义也，所上者刑罚也。使赵高傅胡亥而教之狱，所习者非斩劓人，则夷人之三族也。故胡亥今日即位而明日射人，忠谏者谓之诽谤，深计者谓之妖言，其视杀人若艾草菅然。岂惟胡亥之性恶哉？彼其所以道之者非其理故也。鄙谚曰：“不习为吏，视已成事。”又曰：“前车覆，后车诫。”夫三代之所以长久者，其已事可知也；然而不能从者，是不法圣智也。秦世之所以亟绝者，其辙迹可见也；然而不避，是后车又将覆也。夫存亡之变，治乱之机，其要在是矣。天下之命，县于太子；太子之善，在于早谕教与选左右。夫心未滥而先谕教，则化易成也；开于道术智谊之指，则教之力也。若其服习积贯，则左右而已。夫胡、粤之人，生而同声，耆欲不异，及其长而成俗，累数译而不能相通，行者有虽死而不相为者，则教习然也。臣故曰选左右早谕教最急。夫教得而左右正，则太子正矣，太子正而天下定矣。《书》曰：“一人有庆，兆民赖之。”此时务也。凡人之智，能见已然，不能见将然。夫礼者禁于将然之前，而法者禁于己然之后，是故法之所用易见，而礼之所为生难知也。若夫庆赏以劝善，刑罚以惩恶，先王执此之政，坚如金石，行此之令，信如四时，据此之公，无私如天地耳，岂顾不用哉？然而曰礼云礼云者，贵绝恶于未萌，而起教于微眇，使民日迁善远罪而不自知也。孔于曰：“听讼，吾犹人也，必也使毋讼乎！”为人主计者，莫如先审取舍，取舍之极定于内，而安危之萌应于外矣。安者非一日而安也，危者非一日而危也，皆以积渐然，不可不察也。人主之所积，在其取舍，以礼义治之者，积礼义；以刑罚治之者，积刑罚。刑罚积而民怨背，札义积而民和亲。故世主欲民之善同，而所以使民善者或异。或道之以德教，或殴之以法令。道之以德教者，德教洽而民气乐；殴之以法令者，法令极而民风哀。哀乐之感，祸福之应也。秦王之欲尊宗庙而安子孙，与汤武同，然而汤武广大其德行，六七百岁而弗失，秦王治天下，十余岁则大败。此亡它故矣，汤武之定取舍审而秦王之定取舍不审矣。夫天下，大器也。今人之置器，置诸安处则安，置诸危处则危。天下之情与器亡以异，在天子之所置之。汤武置天下于仁义礼乐，而德泽洽，禽兽草木广裕，德被蛮貊四夷，累子孙数十世，此天下所共闻也。秦王置天下于法令刑罚，德泽亡一有，而怨毒盈于世，下憎恶之如仇，祸几及身，子孙诛绝，此天下之所共见也。是非其明效大验邪！人之言曰：“听言之道，必以其事观之，则言者莫敢妄言。”今或言礼谊之不如法令，教化之不如刑罚，人主胡不引殷、周、秦事以观之也？人主之尊譬如堂，群臣如陛，众庶如地。故陛九级上，廉远地，则堂高；陛亡级，廉近地，则堂卑。高者难攀，卑者易陵，理势然也。故古者圣王制为等列，内有公卿大夫士，外有公侯伯子男，然后有官师小吏，延及庶人，等级分明，而天子加焉，故其尊不可及也。里谚曰：“欲投鼠而忌器。”此善谕也。鼠近于器，尚惮不投，恐伤其器，况于贵臣之近主乎！廉耻节礼以治君子，故有赐死而亡戮辱。是以黥劓之罪不及太夫，以其离主上不远也，礼不敢齿君之路马，蹴其刍者有罚；见君之几杖则起，遭君之乘车则下，入正门则趋；君之宠臣虽或有过，刑戮之罪不加其身者，尊君之故也。此所以为主上豫远不敬也，所以体貌大臣而厉其节也。今自王侯三公之贵，皆天子之所改容而礼之也，古天子之所谓伯父、伯舅也，而令与众庶同黥劓 刖笞 弃市之法，然则堂不亡陛乎？被戮辱者不泰迫乎？廉耻不行，大臣无乃握重权，大官而有徒隶亡耻之心乎？夫望夷之事，二世见当以重法者，投鼠而不忌器之习也。臣闻之，履虽鲜不加于枕，冠虽敝不以苴履。夫尝已在贵宠之位，天子改容而体貌之矣，吏民尝俯伏以敬畏之矣，今而有过，帝令废之可也，退之可也，赐之死可也，灭之可也；若夫束缚之，系緤之，输之司寇，编之徒官，司寇小吏詈骂而榜笞之，殆非所以令众庶见也。夫卑贱者习知尊贵者之一旦，吾亦乃可以加此也，非所以习天下也，非尊尊贵贵之化也。夫天子之所尝敬，众庶之所尝宠，死而死耳，贱人安宜得如此而顿辱之哉！豫让事中行之君，智伯伐而灭之，移事智伯。及赵灭智伯，豫让衅面吞炭，必报襄子，五起而不中。人问豫子，豫子曰：“中行众人畜我，我故众人事之；智伯国士遇我，我故国士报之。”故此一豫让也，反君事仇，行若狗彘，已而抗节致忠，行出乎列士，人主使然也。故主上遇其大臣如遇犬马，彼将犬马自为也；如遇官徒，彼将官徒自为也。顽顿亡耻， 诟亡节，廉耻不立，且不自好，苟若而可，故见利则逝，见便则夺。主上有败，则因而挺之矣；主上有患，则吾苟免而已，立而观之耳；有便吾身者，则欺卖而利之耳。人主将何便于此？群下至众，而主上至少也，所托财器职业者粹于群下也。俱亡耻，俱苟妄，则主上最病。故古者礼不及庶人，刑不至大夫，所以厉宠臣之节也。古者大臣有坐不廉而废者，不谓不廉，曰“簠簋不饰”；坐污秽淫乱男女亡别者，不曰污秽，曰“帷薄不修”，坐罢软不胜任者，不谓罢软，曰“下官不职”。故贵大臣定有其罪矣，犹未斥然正以唿之也，尚迁就而为之讳也。故其在大谴大何之域者，闻谴何则白冠 缨，盘水加剑，造请室而请罪耳，上不执缚系引而行也。其有中罪者，闻命而自弛，上不使人颈 而加也。其有大罪者，闻命则北面再拜，跌而自裁，上不使捽抑而刑之也，曰：“子大夫自有过耳！吾遇子有礼矣。”遇之有礼，故群臣自憙；婴以廉耻，故人矜节行。上设廉礼义以遇其臣，而臣不以节行报其上者，则非人类也。故化成俗定，则为人臣者主耳忘身，国耳忘家，公耳忘私，利不苟就，害不苟去，唯义所在。上之化也，故父兄之臣诚死宗庙，法度之臣诚死社稷，辅翼之臣诚死君上，守圄扞敌之臣诚死城郭封疆。故曰圣人有金城者，比物此志也。彼且为我死，故吾得与之俱生；彼且为我亡，故吾得与之俱存；夫将为我危，故吾得与之皆安。顾行而忘利，守节而仗义，故可以托不御之权，可以寄六尺之孤。此厉廉耻行礼谊之所致也，主上何丧焉！此之不为，而顾彼之久行，故曰可为长太息者此也。五夜漏声催晓箭，九重春色醉仙桃。旌旗日暖龙蛇动，宫殿风微燕雀高。朝罢香烟携满袖，诗成珠玉在挥毫。欲知世掌丝纶美，池上于今有凤毛。和王夫人《满江红》韵，以庶几后山《妾薄命》之意。燕子楼中，又捱过、几番秋色。相思处、青年如梦，乘鸾仙阙。肌玉暗消衣带缓，泪珠斜透花钿侧。最无端、蕉影上窗纱，青灯歇。曲池合，高台灭。人间事，何堪说！向南阳阡上，满襟清血。世态便如翻覆雨，妾身元是分明月。笑乐昌、一段好风流，菱花缺。空相忆，无计得传消息。天上嫦娥人不识，寄书何处觅？新睡觉来无力，不忍把伊书迹。满院落花春寂寂，断肠芳草碧。始见沙上鸟，犹埋云外峰。故乡杳无际，明发怀朋从。韩信在淮阴，少年相欺凌。屈体若无骨，壮心有所凭。一遭龙颜君，啸咤从此兴。千金答漂母，万古共嗟称。而我竟何为？寒苦坐相仍。长风入短袂，内手如怀冰。故友不相恤，新交宁见矜？摧残槛中虎，羁绁鞴上鹰。何时腾风云，搏击申所能？

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jia .er zhi shu bai li wai wei ling bu xin .ke wei liu ti zhe ci ye .jin min mai tong zhe .wei zhi xiu yi si lv pian zhu yuan .nei zhi xian zhong .shi gu tian zi hou fu .suo yi miao er bu yan zhe ye .er shu ren de yi yi bi qie .bai hu zhi biao .bao wan zhi li . yi pian zhu .mei zhe fu xiu .shi gu tian zi zhi fu .jin fu ren da jia jia hui zhao ke zhe yi bei qiang .gu zhe yi feng yi di yi hou er jie shi .jin shu ren wu bi de wei di fu .chang you xia jian de wei hou shi .ran er tian xia bu qu zhe .dai wei you ye .qie di zhi shen zi yi zao ti .er fu min qiang wu bei wen xiu .tian zi zhi hou yi yuan qi ling .shu ren nie qie yuan qi lv .ci chen suo wei chuan ye .fu bai ren zuo zhi bu neng yi yi ren .yu tian xia wang han .hu ke de ye .yi ren geng zhi .shi ren ju er shi zhi .yu tian xia wang ji .bu ke de ye .ji han qie yu min zhi ji fu .yu qi wang wei jian xie .bu ke de ye .guo yi qu yi .dao zei zhi xu shi er .ran er xian ji zhe yue .wu dong ..wei da er .fu su zhi da bu jing ye .zhi wang deng 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chi zi er jiao gu yi xing yi .xi zhe cheng wang you zai qiang bao zhi zhong .zhao gong wei tai bao .zhou gong wei tai fu .tai gong wei tai shi .bao .bao qi shen ti .fu .chuan zhi de yi .shi .dao zhi jiao xun .ci san gong zhi zhi ye .yu shi wei zhi san shao .jie shang da fu ye .yue shao bao .shao fu .shao shi .shi yu tai zi yan zhe ye .gu nai hai zi ti you shi .san gong .san shao gu ming xiao ren li yi yi dao xi zhi .zhu qu xie ren .bu shi jian e xing .yu shi jie xuan tian xia zhi duan shi xiao ti bo wen you dao shu zhe yi wei yi zhi .shi yu tai zi ju chu chu ru .gu tai zi nai sheng er jian zheng shi .wen zheng yan .xing zheng dao .zuo you qian hou jie zheng ren ye .fu xi yu zheng ren ju zhi .bu neng wu zheng .you sheng chang yu qi bu neng bu qi yan ye .xi yu bu zheng ren ju zhi .bu neng wu bu zheng .you sheng chang yu chu zhi di bu neng bu chu yan ye .gu ze qi suo qi .bi xian shou ye .nai de chang zhi .ze qi suo le .bi xian you xi .nai de wei zhi .kong zi yue ..shao cheng ruo tian xing .xi guan ru zi ran ..ji tai zi shao chang .zhi fei se .ze ru yu xue .xue zhe .suo xue zhi guan ye ..xue li .yue ..di ru dong xue .shang qin er gui ren .ze qin shu you xu er en xiang ji yi .di ru nan xue .shang chi er gui xin .ze chang you you cha er min bu wu yi .di ru xi xue .shang xian er gui de .ze sheng zhi zai wei er gong bu yi yi .di ru bei xue .shang gui er zun jue .ze gui jian you deng er xia bu yi .di ru tai xue .cheng shi wen dao .tui xi er kao yu tai fu .tai fu fa qi bu ze er kuang qi bu ji .ze de zhi chang er zhi dao de yi .ci wu xue zhe ji cheng yu shang .ze bai xing li min hua ji yu xia yi ..ji tai yu ji guan cheng ren .mian yu bao fu zhi yan .ze you ji guo zhi shi .che shan zhi zai .jin shan zhi jing .fei bang zhi mu .gan jian zhi gu .gu shi song shi .gong song zhen jian .da fu jin mou .shi chuan min yu .xi yu zhi chang .gu qie er bu kui .hua yu xin cheng .gu zhong dao ruo xing .san dai zhi li .chun chao chao ri .qiu mu xi yue .suo yi ming you jing ye .chun qiu ru xue .zuo guo lao .zhi jiang er qin kui zhi .suo yi ming you xiao ye .xing yi luan he .bu zhong .cai qi ..qu zhong .si xia ..suo yi ming you du ye .qi yu qin shou .jian qi sheng bu shi qi si .wen qi sheng bu shi qi rou .gu yuan pao chu .suo yi chang en .qie ming you ren ye .fu san dai zhi suo yi chang jiu zhe .yi qi fu yi tai zi you ci ju ye .ji qin er bu ran .qi su gu fei gui ci rang ye .suo shang zhe gao jie ye .gu fei gui li yi ye .suo shang zhe xing fa ye .shi zhao gao fu hu hai er jiao zhi yu .suo xi zhe fei zhan yi ren .ze yi ren zhi san zu ye .gu hu hai jin ri ji wei er ming ri she ren .zhong jian zhe wei zhi fei bang .shen ji zhe wei zhi yao yan .qi shi sha ren ruo ai cao jian ran .qi wei hu hai zhi xing e zai .bi qi suo yi dao zhi zhe fei qi li gu ye .bi yan yue ..bu xi wei li .shi yi cheng shi ..you yue ..qian che fu .hou che jie ..fu san dai zhi suo yi chang jiu zhe .qi yi shi ke zhi ye .ran er bu neng cong zhe .shi bu fa sheng zhi ye .qin shi zhi suo yi ji jue zhe .qi zhe ji ke jian ye .ran er bu bi .shi hou che you jiang fu ye .fu cun wang zhi bian .zhi luan zhi ji .qi yao zai shi yi .tian xia zhi ming .xian yu tai zi .tai zi zhi shan .zai yu zao yu jiao yu xuan zuo you .fu xin wei lan er xian yu jiao .ze hua yi cheng ye .kai yu dao shu zhi yi zhi zhi .ze jiao zhi li ye .ruo qi fu xi ji guan .ze zuo you er yi .fu hu .yue zhi ren .sheng er tong sheng .qi yu bu yi .ji qi chang er cheng su .lei shu yi er bu neng xiang tong .xing zhe you sui si er bu xiang wei zhe .ze jiao xi ran ye .chen gu yue xuan zuo you zao yu jiao zui ji .fu jiao de er zuo you zheng .ze tai zi zheng yi .tai zi zheng er tian xia ding yi ..shu .yue ..yi ren you qing .zhao min lai zhi ..ci shi wu ye .fan ren zhi zhi .neng jian yi ran .bu neng jian jiang ran .fu li zhe jin yu jiang ran zhi qian .er fa zhe jin yu ji ran zhi hou .shi gu fa zhi suo yong yi jian .er li zhi suo wei sheng nan zhi ye .ruo fu qing shang yi quan shan .xing fa yi cheng e .xian wang zhi ci zhi zheng .jian ru jin shi .xing ci zhi ling .xin ru si shi .ju ci zhi gong .wu si ru tian di er .qi gu bu yong zai .ran er yue li yun li yun zhe .gui jue e yu wei meng .er qi jiao yu wei miao .shi min ri qian shan yuan zui er bu zi zhi ye .kong yu yue ..ting song .wu you ren ye .bi ye shi wu song hu ..wei ren zhu ji zhe .mo ru xian shen qu she .qu she zhi ji ding yu nei .er an wei zhi meng ying yu wai yi .an zhe fei yi ri er an ye .wei zhe fei yi ri er wei ye .jie yi ji jian ran .bu ke bu cha ye .ren zhu zhi suo ji .zai qi qu she .yi li yi zhi zhi zhe .ji li yi .yi xing fa zhi zhi zhe .ji xing fa .xing fa ji er min yuan bei .zha yi ji er min he qin .gu shi zhu yu min zhi shan tong .er suo yi shi min shan zhe huo yi .huo dao zhi yi de jiao .huo ou zhi yi fa ling .dao zhi yi de jiao zhe .de jiao qia er min qi le .ou zhi yi fa ling zhe .fa ling ji er min feng ai .ai le zhi gan .huo fu zhi ying ye .qin wang zhi yu zun zong miao er an zi sun .yu tang wu tong .ran er tang wu guang da qi de xing .liu qi bai sui er fu shi .qin wang zhi tian xia .shi yu sui ze da bai .ci wang ta gu yi .tang wu zhi ding qu she shen er qin wang zhi ding qu she bu shen yi .fu tian xia .da qi ye .jin ren zhi zhi qi .zhi zhu an chu ze an .zhi zhu wei chu ze wei .tian xia zhi qing yu qi wang yi yi .zai tian zi zhi suo zhi zhi .tang wu zhi tian xia yu ren yi li le .er de ze qia .qin shou cao mu guang yu .de bei man mo si yi .lei zi sun shu shi shi .ci tian xia suo gong wen ye .qin wang zhi tian xia yu fa ling xing fa .de ze wang yi you .er yuan du ying yu shi .xia zeng e zhi ru chou .huo ji ji shen .zi sun zhu jue .ci tian xia zhi suo gong jian ye .shi fei qi ming xiao da yan xie .ren zhi yan yue ..ting yan zhi dao .bi yi qi shi guan zhi .ze yan zhe mo gan wang yan ..jin huo yan li yi zhi bu ru fa ling .jiao hua zhi bu ru xing fa .ren zhu hu bu yin yin .zhou .qin shi yi guan zhi ye .ren zhu zhi zun pi ru tang .qun chen ru bi .zhong shu ru di .gu bi jiu ji shang .lian yuan di .ze tang gao .bi wang ji .lian jin di .ze tang bei .gao zhe nan pan .bei zhe yi ling .li shi ran ye .gu gu zhe sheng wang zhi wei deng lie .nei you gong qing da fu shi .wai you gong hou bo zi nan .ran hou you guan shi xiao li .yan ji shu ren .deng ji fen ming .er tian zi jia yan .gu qi zun bu ke ji ye .li yan yue ..yu tou shu er ji qi ..ci shan yu ye .shu jin yu qi .shang dan bu tou .kong shang qi qi .kuang yu gui chen zhi jin zhu hu .lian chi jie li yi zhi jun zi .gu you ci si er wang lu ru .shi yi qing yi zhi zui bu ji tai fu .yi qi li zhu shang bu yuan ye .li bu gan chi jun zhi lu ma .cu qi chu zhe you fa .jian jun zhi ji zhang ze qi .zao jun zhi cheng che ze xia .ru zheng men ze qu .jun zhi chong chen sui huo you guo .xing lu zhi zui bu jia qi shen zhe .zun jun zhi gu ye .ci suo yi wei zhu shang yu yuan bu jing ye .suo yi ti mao da chen er li qi jie ye .jin zi wang hou san gong zhi gui .jie tian zi zhi suo gai rong er li zhi ye .gu tian zi zhi suo wei bo fu .bo jiu ye .er ling yu zhong shu tong qing yi yue chi qi shi zhi fa .ran ze tang bu wang bi hu .bei lu ru zhe bu tai po hu .lian chi bu xing .da chen wu nai wo zhong quan .da guan er you tu li wang chi zhi xin hu .fu wang yi zhi shi .er shi jian dang yi zhong fa zhe .tou shu er bu ji qi zhi xi ye .chen wen zhi .lv sui xian bu jia yu zhen .guan sui bi bu yi ju lv .fu chang yi zai gui chong zhi wei .tian zi gai rong er ti mao zhi yi .li min chang fu fu yi jing wei zhi yi .jin er you guo .di ling fei zhi ke ye .tui zhi ke ye .ci zhi si ke ye .mie zhi ke ye .ruo fu shu fu zhi .xi xie zhi .shu zhi si kou .bian zhi tu guan .si kou xiao li li ma er bang chi zhi .dai fei suo yi ling zhong shu jian ye .fu bei jian zhe xi zhi zun gui zhe zhi yi dan .wu yi nai ke yi jia ci ye .fei suo yi xi tian xia ye .fei zun zun gui gui zhi hua ye .fu tian zi zhi suo chang jing .zhong shu zhi suo chang chong .si er si er .jian ren an yi de ru ci er dun ru zhi zai .yu rang shi zhong xing zhi jun .zhi bo fa er mie zhi .yi shi zhi bo .ji zhao mie zhi bo .yu rang xin mian tun tan .bi bao xiang zi .wu qi er bu zhong .ren wen yu zi .yu zi yue ..zhong xing zhong ren xu wo .wo gu zhong ren shi zhi .zhi bo guo shi yu wo .wo gu guo shi bao zhi ..gu ci yi yu rang ye .fan jun shi chou .xing ruo gou zhi .yi er kang jie zhi zhong .xing chu hu lie shi .ren zhu shi ran ye .gu zhu shang yu qi da chen ru yu quan ma .bi jiang quan ma zi wei ye .ru yu guan tu .bi jiang guan tu zi wei ye .wan dun wang chi . gou wang jie .lian chi bu li .qie bu zi hao .gou ruo er ke .gu jian li ze shi .jian bian ze duo .zhu shang you bai .ze yin er ting zhi yi .zhu shang you huan .ze wu gou mian er yi .li er guan zhi er .you bian wu shen zhe .ze qi mai er li zhi er .ren zhu jiang he bian yu ci .qun xia zhi zhong .er zhu shang zhi shao ye .suo tuo cai qi zhi ye zhe cui yu qun xia ye .ju wang chi .ju gou wang .ze zhu shang zui bing .gu gu zhe li bu ji shu ren .xing bu zhi da fu .suo yi li chong chen zhi jie ye .gu zhe da chen you zuo bu lian er fei zhe .bu wei bu lian .yue .fu gui bu shi ..zuo wu hui yin luan nan nv wang bie zhe .bu yue wu hui .yue .wei bao bu xiu ..zuo ba ruan bu sheng ren zhe .bu wei ba ruan .yue .xia guan bu zhi ..gu gui da chen ding you qi zui yi .you wei chi ran zheng yi hu zhi ye .shang qian jiu er wei zhi hui ye .gu qi zai da qian da he zhi yu zhe .wen qian he ze bai guan ying .pan shui jia jian .zao qing shi er qing zui er .shang bu zhi fu xi yin er xing ye .qi you zhong zui zhe .wen ming er zi chi .shang bu shi ren jing er jia ye .qi you da zui zhe .wen ming ze bei mian zai bai .die er zi cai .shang bu shi zuo yi er xing zhi ye .yue ..zi da fu zi you guo er .wu yu zi you li yi ..yu zhi you li .gu qun chen zi xi .ying yi lian chi .gu ren jin jie xing .shang she lian li yi yi yu qi chen .er chen bu yi jie xing bao qi shang zhe .ze fei ren lei ye .gu hua cheng su ding .ze wei ren chen zhe zhu er wang shen .guo er wang jia .gong er wang si .li bu gou jiu .hai bu gou qu .wei yi suo zai .shang zhi hua ye .gu fu xiong zhi chen cheng si zong miao .fa du zhi chen cheng si she ji .fu yi zhi chen cheng si jun shang .shou yu han di zhi chen cheng si cheng guo feng jiang .gu yue sheng ren you jin cheng zhe .bi wu ci zhi ye .bi qie wei wo si .gu wu de yu zhi ju sheng .bi qie wei wo wang .gu wu de yu zhi ju cun .fu jiang wei wo wei .gu wu de yu zhi jie an .gu xing er wang li .shou jie er zhang yi .gu ke yi tuo bu yu zhi quan .ke yi ji liu chi zhi gu .ci li lian chi xing li yi zhi suo zhi ye .zhu shang he sang yan .ci zhi bu wei .er gu bi zhi jiu xing .gu yue ke wei chang tai xi zhe ci ye .wu ye lou sheng cui xiao jian .jiu zhong chun se zui xian tao .jing qi ri nuan long she dong .gong dian feng wei yan que gao .chao ba xiang yan xie man xiu .shi cheng zhu yu zai hui hao .yu zhi shi zhang si lun mei .chi shang yu jin you feng mao .he wang fu ren .man jiang hong .yun .yi shu ji hou shan .qie bao ming .zhi yi .yan zi lou zhong .you ai guo .ji fan qiu se .xiang si chu .qing nian ru meng .cheng luan xian que .ji yu an xiao yi dai huan .lei zhu xie tou hua dian ce .zui wu duan .jiao ying shang chuang sha .qing deng xie .qu chi he .gao tai mie .ren jian shi .he kan shuo .xiang nan yang qian shang .man jin qing xue .shi tai bian ru fan fu yu .qie shen yuan shi fen ming yue .xiao le chang .yi duan hao feng liu .ling hua que .kong xiang yi .wu ji de chuan xiao xi .tian shang chang e ren bu shi .ji shu he chu mi .xin shui jue lai wu li .bu ren ba yi shu ji .man yuan luo hua chun ji ji .duan chang fang cao bi .shi jian sha shang niao .you mai yun wai feng .gu xiang yao wu ji .ming fa huai peng cong .han xin zai huai yin .shao nian xiang qi ling .qu ti ruo wu gu .zhuang xin you suo ping .yi zao long yan jun .xiao zha cong ci xing .qian jin da piao mu .wan gu gong jie cheng .er wo jing he wei .han ku zuo xiang reng .chang feng ru duan mei .nei shou ru huai bing .gu you bu xiang xu .xin jiao ning jian jin .cui can jian zhong hu .ji xie bei shang ying .he shi teng feng yun .bo ji shen suo neng .

冷月落沙洲，澄江如(ru)彩绢，
①大有：周邦彦创调。攀上日(ri)观峰，凭栏望东海。
②尝：曾经。人到三十才得个一命官，仕宦的念头快要消磨完。
④画罗：有图案的丝织品，或指灯罩。金翡翠：即画罗上金色的翡翠鸟。　　荆轲知道太子不忍心，于是私下里会见樊於期，说：“秦国对待将军，可以说是刻毒透顶了(liao)。父亲、母亲和同族的人都被杀死或没收入官为奴。现在听说用一千斤金和一万户人口的封地作悬赏来(lai)购买将军的首级，您将怎么办？”樊将军仰天长叹，泪流满面地说：“我每当想起这一点，常常恨入骨髓，只是想不出(chu)什么办法罢了。”荆轲说：“现在有一个建议，可以用来解除燕国的忧患，报将军的深仇大恨，怎么样？”樊於期于是上前问道：“怎么办？”荆轲说：“希望得到樊将军的首级来献给秦国，秦王一定高兴而又友好地接见我。我左手抓住他的衣袖，右手（用匕首）刺他的胸膛。这样，将军的仇报了，燕国被欺侮的耻辱也除掉了。将军是否有这个心意呢？”樊於期脱下一只衣袖露出一只胳膊，左手握住右腕，走近一步说：“这是我日日夜夜咬牙切齿、捶胸痛恨的事，今天才得到您的指教!”于是自杀。
[3]瑶阙：月宫。南风适时(shi)缓缓吹啊，可以丰富(fu)万民的财物。
⑵踊跃：双声连绵词，犹言鼓舞。兵：武器，刀枪之类。官场上的失意和寄居他乡的忧思一起涌上心头，阳春二月的景象也好像到了寒秋一样，令人心意凄迷。
寻常：古代八尺为寻，再加倍为常，意为几尺远。他说“应该努力上天下地，去寻求意气相投的同道。
应犹：一作“依然”。　　　自从分别以后，不知几个春天没有回家了，又是个温暖的春日，隔窗望去，樱桃花已经开放了。这时远方又有书信传来，开启后不禁让人嗟叹不已。至此伤心肠断，悲痛欲绝。女子头发浓密如云，因为她愁绪万千，像旋风吹动雪花那样绵绵不断，她实在懒得梳理。去年寄书回来，就说要回来了；今年寄书重新诉说将要归来之意。东风啊，你捎去女子的思念，使他早些归来吧。等待他归来他却迟迟未归，实在是百无聊赖，只见满地落花堆积，青苔蔓延整个台阶(jie)。
⑾鸳衾（qīn）：绣着鸳鸯的锦被。司空图《白菊杂书》：“却笑谁家扃绣户，正熏龙麝暖鸳衾。”凤枕：绣着凤凰的枕头。韦庄《江城子·恩重娇多情易伤》：“缓揭绣衾抽皓腕，移凤枕，枕潘郎 。”

　　“曾于青史见遗文，今日飘蓬过此坟。”开头两句用充满仰慕、感慨的笔调领起全篇，说过去曾在史书上拜读过陈琳的文章，今天在飘流蓬转的生活中又正好经过陈琳的坟墓。古代史书常引录一些有关军国大计的著名文章，这类大手笔，往往成为文家名垂青史的重要凭借。“青史见遗文”，不仅点出陈琳以文章名世，而且寓含着歆慕尊崇的感情。第二句正面点题。“今日飘蓬”四字，暗透出诗中所抒的感慨和诗人的际遇分不开，而这种感慨又是紧密联系着陈琳这位前贤来抒写的。不妨说，这是对全篇主旨和构思的一个提示。
　　诗人的情绪也随着所写步步激荡。末联里“独”树，“残”“秋色”，层层递进，把诗人的情绪“逼” 向了高潮。在孤零零的一棵树上，几片黄叶残留枝头，萧瑟的秋色、萧飒的秋风之中，诗人在树下徬徨，继而狂歌、号泣，泪水如雨，洒落衣襟。这样，诗人就完成了对自我形象的刻画。
　　如果按朱熹的解释，此诗写夫妻歌舞为乐。丈夫邀请妻子一起跳舞，由妻子唱出来，表现了他们自得自乐、欢畅无比的情绪。古代的文学作品中，写夫妻恩爱、歌舞自娱的情形并不多，多的是征夫愁弃妇怨。因为这样做，至少要这样一些前提：两个人情深意笃，有较高的修养和情趣，以及拥有较多的闲暇。日出而作、日落而息的夫妻，大字不识的衣夫，恐怕难以歌舞自娱。由此可以推断，此诗的主人公大概应是殷实人家，或是已经衰落了的世家子弟。这也容易让人想到，闲暇是人们自娱自乐、吟诗作画、游山玩水的重要前提。整日为生计而忙碌的人，不会有此雅兴。
　　这是一首别后怀念恋人之作。首两句描绘眼前之景。东风，点明节令乃微风吹拂的春季。东风日吹，气候日暖，柳枝日长，枝叶婆娑茂密起来，渐渐地将阡陌隐蔽起来，再加是在月光朦胧的夜间，往日一览无余的道路，在柳枝的掩映下，似乎变得神秘起来，悠长起来，有如一条无穷无尽的绿带，盘绕于田野，这是白天所见；一片轻云掩映下，月光暗淡多了，在暗月的辉映下，白日盛开的花儿似隐似现，显得不那么饱满了，这是夜晚所见。两句细腻地刻画了春光灿烂时节的美好景象，为下文的伤怀、回首起了铺垫。
　　好的管理者应该使用他的思想智慧，细致掌握全局要领、不自尊自大，虚图功名，不亲自去做那些微小琐碎的事情，信任下属，且不干涉下属人员的工作。
　　在中唐，咏汉讽唐这类以古讽今手法已属习见，点明“汉家”，等于直斥唐朝。所以首联是开门见山，直截说和亲乃是有唐历史上最为拙劣的政策。实际上是把国家的安危托付给妇女。三联更鞭辟入里，透彻揭露和亲的实质就是妄图将女色乞取国家的安全。诗人愤激地用一个“岂”字，把和亲的荒谬和可耻，暴露无遗。末联以斩钉截铁的严峻态度责问：是谁制订执行这种政策？这种人难道算得辅佐皇帝的忠臣吗？诗人以历史的名义提出责问，使诗意更为严峻深广，更加发人思索。此诗无情揭露和亲政策，愤激指责朝廷执政，而主旨却在讽谕皇帝作出英明决策和任用贤臣。从这个角度看，这首诗虽然尖锐辛辣，仍不免稍用曲笔，为皇帝留点面子。
　　诗人是明明有许多话急于要讲的。但他知道即使是把喉咙喊破了，也决不会使唐玄宗醒悟，真是“言之何补”。况且诗人自己也心绪如麻，不想说，但又不忍不说。因此，写诗的时候不免若断若续，似吞似吐。范梈说：“此篇最有楚人风。所贵乎楚言者，断如复断，乱如复乱，而辞意反复行于其间者，实未尝断而乱也；使人一唱三叹，而有遗音。”（据瞿蜕园、朱金城《李白集校注》转引）这是很精到的见解。诗人把他的情绪，采用楚歌和骚体的手法表现出来，使得断和续、吞和吐、隐和显，消魂般的凄迷和预言式的清醒，紧紧结合在一起，构成深邃的意境和强大的艺术魅力。