君家云母障，时向野庭开。自有山泉入，非因采画来。意适本非说，含毫空复情。祗役出皇邑，相期憩瓯越。解缆及流潮，怀旧不能发。析析就衰林，皎皎明秋月。含情易为盈，遇物难可歇。积疴谢生虑，寡欲罕所阙。资此永幽栖，岂伊年岁别。各勉日新志，音尘慰寂蔑。年年岁岁望中秋，岁岁年年雾雨愁。凉月风光三夜好，老夫怀抱一生休。明时谅费银河洗，缺处应须玉斧修。京洛胡尘满人眼，不知能似浙江不。高柳蝉嘶，采菱歌断秋风起。晚云如髻。湖上山横翠。 帘卷西楼，过雨凉生袂。天如水。画楼十二。有个人同倚。日本人之称我中国也，一则曰老大帝国，再则曰老大帝国。是语也，盖袭译欧西人之言也。呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？梁启超曰：恶！是何言！是何言！吾心目中有一少年中国在！欲言国之老少，请先言人之老少。老年人常思既往，少年人常思将来。惟思既往也，故生留恋心；惟思将来也，故生希望心。惟留恋也，故保守；惟希望也，故进取。惟保守也，故永旧；惟进取也，故日新。惟思既往也，事事皆其所已经者，故惟知照例；惟思将来也，事事皆其所未经者，故常敢破格。老年人常多忧虑，少年人常好行乐。惟多忧也，故灰心；惟行乐也，故盛气。惟灰心也，故怯懦；惟盛气也，故豪壮。惟怯懦也，故苟且；惟豪壮也，故冒险。惟苟且也，故能灭世界；惟冒险也，故能造世界。老年人常厌事，少年人常喜事。惟厌事也，故常觉一切事无可为者；惟好事也，故常觉一切事无不可为者。老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎。老年人如僧，少年人如侠。老年人如字典，少年人如戏文。老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如泼兰地酒。老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大洋海之珊瑚岛。老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西比利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春前之草。老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源。此老年与少年性格不同之大略也。任公曰：人固有之，国亦宜然。梁启超曰：伤哉，老大也！浔阳江头琵琶妇，当明月绕船，枫叶瑟瑟，衾寒于铁，似梦非梦之时，追想洛阳尘中春花秋月之佳趣。西宫南内，白发宫娥，一灯如穗，三五对坐，谈开元、天宝间遗事，谱《霓裳羽衣曲》。青门种瓜人，左对孺人，顾弄孺子，忆侯门似海珠履杂沓之盛事。拿破仑之流于厄蔑，阿剌飞之幽于锡兰，与三两监守吏，或过访之好事者，道当年短刀匹马驰骋中原，席卷欧洲，血战海楼，一声叱咤，万国震恐之丰功伟烈，初而拍案，继而抚髀，终而揽镜。呜唿，面皴齿尽，白发盈把，颓然老矣！若是者，舍幽郁之外无心事，舍悲惨之外无天地，舍颓唐之外无日月，舍叹息之外无音声，舍待死之外无事业。美人豪杰且然，而况寻常碌碌者耶？生平亲友，皆在墟墓；起居饮食，待命于人。今日且过，遑知他日？今年且过，遑恤明年？普天下灰心短气之事，未有甚于老大者。于此人也，而欲望以拏云之手段，回天之事功，挟山超海之意气，能乎不能？呜唿！我中国其果老大矣乎？立乎今日以指畴昔，唐虞三代，若何之郅治；秦皇汉武，若何之雄杰；汉唐来之文学，若何之隆盛；康干间之武功，若何之烜赫。历史家所铺叙，词章家所讴歌，何一非我国民少年时代良辰美景、赏心乐事之陈迹哉！而今颓然老矣！昨日割五城，明日割十城，处处雀鼠尽，夜夜鸡犬惊。十八省之土地财产，已为人怀中之肉；四百兆之父兄子弟，已为人注籍之奴，岂所谓“老大嫁作商人妇”者耶？呜唿！凭君莫话当年事，憔悴韶光不忍看！楚囚相对，岌岌顾影，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。国为待死之国，一国之民为待死之民。万事付之奈何，一切凭人作弄，亦何足怪！任公曰：我中国其果老大矣乎？是今日全地球之一大问题也。如其老大也，则是中国为过去之国，即地球上昔本有此国，而今渐澌灭，他日之命运殆将尽也。如其非老大也，则是中国为未来之国，即地球上昔未现此国，而今渐发达，他日之前程且方长也。欲断今日之中国为老大耶？为少年耶？则不可不先明“国”字之意义。夫国也者，何物也？有土地，有人民，以居于其土地之人民，而治其所居之土地之事，自制法律而自守之；有主权，有服从，人人皆主权者，人人皆服从者。夫如是，斯谓之完全成立之国，地球上之有完全成立之国也，自百年以来也。完全成立者，壮年之事也。未能完全成立而渐进于完全成立者，少年之事也。故吾得一言以断之曰：欧洲列邦在今日为壮年国，而我中国在今日为少年国。夫古昔之中国者，虽有国之名，而未成国之形也。或为家族之国，或为酋长之国，或为诸侯封建之国，或为一王专制之国。虽种类不一，要之，其于国家之体质也，有其一部而缺其一部。正如婴儿自胚胎以迄成童，其身体之一二官支，先行长成，此外则全体虽粗具，然未能得其用也。故唐虞以前为胚胎时代，殷周之际为乳哺时代，由孔子而来至于今为童子时代。逐渐发达，而今乃始将入成童以上少年之界焉。其长成所以若是之迟者，则历代之民贼有窒其生机者也。譬犹童年多病，转类老态，或且疑其死期之将至焉，而不知皆由未完成未成立也。非过去之谓，而未来之谓也。且我中国畴昔，岂尝有国家哉？不过有朝廷耳！我黄帝子孙，聚族而居，立于此地球之上者既数千年，而问其国之为何名，则无有也。夫所谓唐、虞、夏、商、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清者，则皆朝名耳。朝也者，一家之私产也。国也者，人民之公产也。朝有朝之老少，国有国之老少。朝与国既异物，则不能以朝之老少而指为国之老少明矣。文、武、成、康，周朝之少年时代也。幽、厉、桓、赧，则其老年时代也。高、文、景、武，汉朝之少年时代也。元、平、桓、灵，则其老年时代也。自余历朝，莫不有之。凡此者谓为一朝廷之老也则可，谓为一国之老也则不可。一朝廷之老旦死，犹一人之老且死也，于吾所谓中国者何与焉。然则，吾中国者，前此尚未出现于世界，而今乃始萌芽云尔。天地大矣，前途辽矣。美哉我少年中国乎！玛志尼者，意大利三杰之魁也。以国事被罪，逃窜异邦。乃创立一会，名曰“少年意大利”。举国志士，云涌雾集以应之。卒乃光复旧物，使意大利为欧洲之一雄邦。夫意大利者，欧洲之第一老大国也。自罗马亡后，土地隶于教皇，政权归于奥国，殆所谓老而濒于死者矣。而得一玛志尼，且能举全国而少年之，况我中国之实为少年时代者耶！堂堂四百余州之国土，凛凛四百余兆之国民，岂遂无一玛志尼其人者！龚自珍氏之集有诗一章，题曰《能令公少年行》。吾尝爱读之，而有味乎其用意之所存。我国民而自谓其国之老大也，斯果老大矣；我国民而自知其国之少年也，斯乃少年矣。西谚有之曰：“有三岁之翁，有百岁之童。”然则，国之老少，又无定形，而实随国民之心力以为消长者也。吾见乎玛志尼之能令国少年也，吾又见乎我国之官吏士民能令国老大也。吾为此惧！夫以如此壮丽浓郁翩翩绝世之少年中国，而使欧西日本人谓我为老大者，何也？则以握国权者皆老朽之人也。非哦几十年八股，非写几十年白折，非当几十年差，非捱几十年俸，非递几十年手本，非唱几十年喏，非磕几十年头，非请几十年安，则必不能得一官、进一职。其内任卿贰以上，外任监司以上者，百人之中，其五官不备者，殆九十六七人也。非眼盲则耳聋，非手颤则足跛，否则半身不遂也。彼其一身饮食步履视听言语，尚且不能自了，须三四人左右扶之捉之，乃能度日，于此而乃欲责之以国事，是何异立无数木偶而使治天下也！且彼辈者，自其少壮之时既已不知亚细亚、欧罗巴为何处地方，汉祖唐宗是那朝皇帝，犹嫌其顽钝腐败之未臻其极，又必搓磨之，陶冶之，待其脑髓已涸，血管已塞，气息奄奄，与鬼为邻之时，然后将我二万里山河，四万万人命，一举而界于其手。呜唿！老大帝国，诚哉其老大也！而彼辈者，积其数十年之八股、白折、当差、捱俸、手本、唱喏、磕头、请安，千辛万苦，千苦万辛，乃始得此红顶花翎之服色，中堂大人之名号，乃出其全副精神，竭其毕生力量，以保持之。如彼乞儿拾金一锭，虽轰雷盘旋其顶上，而两手犹紧抱其荷包，他事非所顾也，非所知也，非所闻也。于此而告之以亡国也，瓜分也，彼乌从而听之，乌从而信之！即使果亡矣，果分矣，而吾今年七十矣，八十矣，但求其一两年内，洋人不来，强盗不起，我已快活过了一世矣！若不得已，则割三头两省之土地奉申贺敬，以换我几个衙门；卖三几百万之人民作仆为奴，以赎我一条老命，有何不可？有何难办？呜唿！今之所谓老后、老臣、老将、老吏者，其修身齐家治国平天下之手段，皆具于是矣。西风一夜催人老，凋尽朱颜白尽头。使走无常当医生，携催命符以祝寿，嗟乎痛哉！以此为国，是安得不老且死，且吾恐其未及岁而殇也。任公曰：造成今日之老大中国者，则中国老朽之冤业也。制出将来之少年中国者，则中国少年之责任也。彼老朽者何足道，彼与此世界作别之日不远矣，而我少年乃新来而与世界为缘。如僦屋者然，彼明日将迁居他方，而我今日始入此室处。将迁居者，不爱护其窗栊，不洁治其庭庑，俗人恒情，亦何足怪！若我少年者，前程浩浩，后顾茫茫。中国而为牛为马为奴为隶，则烹脔鞭棰之惨酷，惟我少年当之。中国如称霸宇内，主盟地球，则指挥顾盼之尊荣，惟我少年享之。于彼气息奄奄与鬼为邻者何与焉？彼而漠然置之，犹可言也。我而漠然置之，不可言也。使举国之少年而果为少年也，则吾中国为未来之国，其进步未可量也。使举国之少年而亦为老大也，则吾中国为过去之国，其澌亡可翘足而待也。故今日之责任，不在他人，而全在我少年。少年智则国智，少年富则国富；少年强则国强，少年独立则国独立；少年自由则国自由；少年进步则国进步；少年胜于欧洲，则国胜于欧洲；少年雄于地球，则国雄于地球。红日初升，其道大光。河出伏流，一泻汪洋。潜龙腾渊，鳞爪飞扬。乳虎啸谷，百兽震惶。鹰隼试翼，风尘翕张。奇花初胎，矞矞皇皇。干将发硎，有作其芒。天戴其苍，地履其黄。纵有千古，横有八荒。前途似海，来日方长。美哉我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉我中国少年，与国无疆！“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切。”此岳武穆《满江红》词句也，作者自六岁时即口受记忆，至今喜诵之不衰。自今以往，弃“哀时客”之名，更自名曰“少年中国之少年”。禽荒非所乐，抚辔更招忧。清风店南逢父老，告我己巳年间事。店北犹存古战场，遗镞尚带勤王字。忆昔蒙尘实惨怛，反覆势如风雨至。紫荆关头昼吹角，杀气军声满幽朔。胡儿饮马彰义门，烽火夜照燕山云。内有于尚书，外有石将军。石家官军若雷电，天清野旷来酣战。朝廷既失紫荆关，吾民岂保清风店。牵爷负子无处逃，哭声震天风怒号。儿女床头伏鼓角，野人屋上看旌旄。将军此时挺戈出，杀敌不异草与蒿。追北归来血洗刀，白日不动苍天高。万里烟尘一剑扫，父子英雄古来少。单于痛哭倒马关，羯奴半死飞狐道。处处欢声噪鼓旗，家家牛酒犒王师。休夸汉室嫖姚将，岂说唐家郭子仪。沉吟此事六十春，此地经过泪满巾。黄云落日古骨白，沙砾惨淡愁行人。行人来折战场柳，下马坐望居庸口。却忆千官迎驾初，千乘万骑下皇都；干坤得见中兴主，日月重开载造图。枭雄不数云台士，杨石齐名天下无！呜唿杨石今已无，安得再生此辈西备胡。伯乐向前看，旋毛在腹间。只今掊白草，何日蓦青山？

jun jia yun mu zhang .shi xiang ye ting kai .zi you shan quan ru .fei yin cai hua lai .yi shi ben fei shuo .han hao kong fu qing .zhi yi chu huang yi .xiang qi qi ou yue .jie lan ji liu chao .huai jiu bu neng fa .xi xi jiu shuai lin .jiao jiao ming qiu yue .han qing yi wei ying .yu wu nan ke xie .ji ke xie sheng lv .gua yu han suo que .zi ci yong you qi .qi yi nian sui bie .ge mian ri xin zhi .yin chen wei ji mie .nian nian sui sui wang zhong qiu .sui sui nian nian wu yu chou .liang yue feng guang san ye hao .lao fu huai bao yi sheng xiu .ming shi liang fei yin he xi .que chu ying xu yu fu xiu .jing luo hu chen man ren yan .bu zhi neng si zhe jiang bu .gao liu chan si .cai ling ge duan qiu feng qi .wan yun ru ji .hu shang shan heng cui . lian juan xi lou .guo yu liang sheng mei .tian ru shui .hua lou shi er .you ge ren tong yi .ri ben ren zhi cheng wo zhong guo ye .yi ze yue lao da di guo .zai ze yue lao da di guo .shi yu ye .gai xi yi ou xi ren zhi yan ye .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .liang qi chao yue .e .shi he yan .shi he yan .wu xin mu zhong you yi shao nian zhong guo zai .yu yan guo zhi lao shao .qing xian yan ren zhi lao shao .lao nian ren chang si ji wang .shao nian ren chang si jiang lai .wei si ji wang ye .gu sheng liu lian xin .wei si jiang lai ye .gu sheng xi wang xin .wei liu lian ye .gu bao shou .wei xi wang ye .gu jin qu .wei bao shou ye .gu yong jiu .wei jin qu ye .gu ri xin .wei si ji wang ye .shi shi jie qi suo yi jing zhe .gu wei zhi zhao li .wei si jiang lai ye .shi shi jie qi suo wei jing zhe .gu chang gan po ge .lao nian ren chang duo you lv .shao nian ren chang hao xing le .wei duo you ye .gu hui xin .wei xing le ye .gu sheng qi .wei hui xin ye .gu qie nuo .wei sheng qi ye .gu hao zhuang .wei qie nuo ye .gu gou qie .wei hao zhuang ye .gu mao xian .wei gou qie ye .gu neng mie shi jie .wei mao xian ye .gu neng zao shi jie .lao nian ren chang yan shi .shao nian ren chang xi shi .wei yan shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu ke wei zhe .wei hao shi ye .gu chang jue yi qie shi wu bu ke wei zhe .lao nian ren ru xi zhao .shao nian ren ru chao yang .lao nian ren ru ji niu .shao nian ren ru ru hu .lao nian ren ru seng .shao nian ren ru xia .lao nian ren ru zi dian .shao nian ren ru xi wen .lao nian ren ru ya pian yan .shao nian ren ru po lan di jiu .lao nian ren ru bie xing xing zhi yun shi .shao nian ren ru da yang hai zhi shan hu dao .lao nian ren ru ai ji sha mo zhi jin zi ta .shao nian ren ru xi bi li ya zhi tie lu .lao nian ren ru qiu hou zhi liu .shao nian ren ru chun qian zhi cao .lao nian ren ru si hai zhi zhu wei ze .shao nian ren ru chang jiang zhi chu fa yuan .ci lao nian yu shao nian xing ge bu tong zhi da lue ye .ren gong yue .ren gu you zhi .guo yi yi ran .liang qi chao yue .shang zai .lao da ye .xun yang jiang tou pi pa fu .dang ming yue rao chuan .feng ye se se .qin han yu tie .si meng fei meng zhi shi .zhui xiang luo yang chen zhong chun hua qiu yue zhi jia qu .xi gong nan nei .bai fa gong e .yi deng ru sui .san wu dui zuo .tan kai yuan .tian bao jian yi shi .pu .ni shang yu yi qu ..qing men zhong gua ren .zuo dui ru ren .gu nong ru zi .yi hou men si hai zhu lv za da zhi sheng shi .na po lun zhi liu yu e mie .a la fei zhi you yu xi lan .yu san liang jian shou li .huo guo fang zhi hao shi zhe .dao dang nian duan dao pi ma chi cheng zhong yuan .xi juan ou zhou .xue zhan hai lou .yi sheng chi zha .wan guo zhen kong zhi feng gong wei lie .chu er pai an .ji er fu bi .zhong er lan jing .wu hu .mian cun chi jin .bai fa ying ba .tui ran lao yi .ruo shi zhe .she you yu zhi wai wu xin shi .she bei can zhi wai wu tian di .she tui tang zhi wai wu ri yue .she tan xi zhi wai wu yin sheng .she dai si zhi wai wu shi ye .mei ren hao jie qie ran .er kuang xun chang lu lu zhe ye .sheng ping qin you .jie zai xu mu .qi ju yin shi .dai ming yu ren .jin ri qie guo .huang zhi ta ri .jin nian qie guo .huang xu ming nian .pu tian xia hui xin duan qi zhi shi .wei you shen yu lao da zhe .yu ci ren ye .er yu wang yi na yun zhi shou duan .hui tian zhi shi gong .xie shan chao hai zhi yi qi .neng hu bu neng .wu hu .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .li hu jin ri yi zhi chou xi .tang yu san dai .ruo he zhi zhi zhi .qin huang han wu .ruo he zhi xiong jie .han tang lai zhi wen xue .ruo he zhi long sheng .kang gan jian zhi wu gong .ruo he zhi xuan he .li shi jia suo pu xu .ci zhang jia suo ou ge .he yi fei wo guo min shao nian shi dai liang chen mei jing .shang xin le shi zhi chen ji zai .er jin tui ran lao yi .zuo ri ge wu cheng .ming ri ge shi cheng .chu chu que shu jin .ye ye ji quan jing .shi ba sheng zhi tu di cai chan .yi wei ren huai zhong zhi rou .si bai zhao zhi fu xiong zi di .yi wei ren zhu ji zhi nu .qi suo wei .lao da jia zuo shang ren fu .zhe ye .wu hu .ping jun mo hua dang nian shi .qiao cui shao guang bu ren kan .chu qiu xiang dui .ji ji gu ying .ren ming wei qian .chao bu lv xi .guo wei dai si zhi guo .yi guo zhi min wei dai si zhi min .wan shi fu zhi nai he .yi qie ping ren zuo nong .yi he zu guai .ren gong yue .wo zhong guo qi guo lao da yi hu .shi jin ri quan di qiu zhi yi da wen ti ye .ru qi lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi ben you ci guo .er jin jian si mie .ta ri zhi ming yun dai jiang jin ye .ru qi fei lao da ye .ze shi zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .ji di qiu shang xi wei xian ci guo .er jin jian fa da .ta ri zhi qian cheng qie fang chang ye .yu duan jin ri zhi zhong guo wei lao da ye .wei shao nian ye .ze bu ke bu xian ming .guo .zi zhi yi yi .fu guo ye zhe .he wu ye .you tu di .you ren min .yi ju yu qi tu di zhi ren min .er zhi qi suo ju zhi tu di zhi shi .zi zhi fa lv er zi shou zhi .you zhu quan .you fu cong .ren ren jie zhu quan zhe .ren ren jie fu cong zhe .fu ru shi .si wei zhi wan quan cheng li zhi guo .di qiu shang zhi you wan quan cheng li zhi guo ye .zi bai nian yi lai ye .wan quan cheng li zhe .zhuang nian zhi shi ye .wei neng wan quan cheng li er jian jin yu wan quan cheng li zhe .shao nian zhi shi ye .gu wu de yi yan yi duan zhi yue .ou zhou lie bang zai jin ri wei zhuang nian guo .er wo zhong guo zai jin ri wei shao nian guo .fu gu xi zhi zhong guo zhe .sui you guo zhi ming .er wei cheng guo zhi xing ye .huo wei jia zu zhi guo .huo wei qiu chang zhi guo .huo wei zhu hou feng jian zhi guo .huo wei yi wang zhuan zhi zhi guo .sui zhong lei bu yi .yao zhi .qi yu guo jia zhi ti zhi ye .you qi yi bu er que qi yi bu .zheng ru ying er zi pei tai yi qi cheng tong .qi shen ti zhi yi er guan zhi .xian xing chang cheng .ci wai ze quan ti sui cu ju .ran wei neng de qi yong ye .gu tang yu yi qian wei pei tai shi dai .yin zhou zhi ji wei ru bu shi dai .you kong zi er lai zhi yu jin wei tong zi shi dai .zhu jian fa da .er jin nai shi jiang ru cheng tong yi shang shao nian zhi jie yan .qi chang cheng suo yi ruo shi zhi chi zhe .ze li dai zhi min zei you zhi qi sheng ji zhe ye .pi you tong nian duo bing .zhuan lei lao tai .huo qie yi qi si qi zhi jiang zhi yan .er bu zhi jie you wei wan cheng wei cheng li ye .fei guo qu zhi wei .er wei lai zhi wei ye .qie wo zhong guo chou xi .qi chang you guo jia zai .bu guo you chao ting er .wo huang di zi sun .ju zu er ju .li yu ci di qiu zhi shang zhe ji shu qian nian .er wen qi guo zhi wei he ming .ze wu you ye .fu suo wei tang .yu .xia .shang .zhou .qin .han .wei .jin .song .qi .liang .chen .sui .tang .song .yuan .ming .qing zhe .ze jie chao ming er .chao ye zhe .yi jia zhi si chan ye .guo ye zhe .ren min zhi gong chan ye .chao you chao zhi lao shao .guo you guo zhi lao shao .chao yu guo ji yi wu .ze bu neng yi chao zhi lao shao er zhi wei guo zhi lao shao ming yi .wen .wu .cheng .kang .zhou chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .you .li .huan .nan .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .gao .wen .jing .wu .han chao zhi shao nian shi dai ye .yuan .ping .huan .ling .ze qi lao nian shi dai ye .zi yu li chao .mo bu you zhi .fan ci zhe wei wei yi chao ting zhi lao ye ze ke .wei wei yi guo zhi lao ye ze bu ke .yi chao ting zhi lao dan si .you yi ren zhi lao qie si ye .yu wu suo wei zhong guo zhe he yu yan .ran ze .wu zhong guo zhe .qian ci shang wei chu xian yu shi jie .er jin nai shi meng ya yun er .tian di da yi .qian tu liao yi .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo hu .ma zhi ni zhe .yi da li san jie zhi kui ye .yi guo shi bei zui .tao cuan yi bang .nai chuang li yi hui .ming yue .shao nian yi da li ..ju guo zhi shi .yun yong wu ji yi ying zhi .zu nai guang fu jiu wu .shi yi da li wei ou zhou zhi yi xiong bang .fu yi da li zhe .ou zhou zhi di yi lao da guo ye .zi luo ma wang hou .tu di li yu jiao huang .zheng quan gui yu ao guo .dai suo wei lao er bin yu si zhe yi .er de yi ma zhi ni .qie neng ju quan guo er shao nian zhi .kuang wo zhong guo zhi shi wei shao nian shi dai zhe ye .tang tang si bai yu zhou zhi guo tu .lin lin si bai yu zhao zhi guo min .qi sui wu yi ma zhi ni qi ren zhe .gong zi zhen shi zhi ji you shi yi zhang .ti yue .neng ling gong shao nian xing ..wu chang ai du zhi .er you wei hu qi yong yi zhi suo cun .wo guo min er zi wei qi guo zhi lao da ye .si guo lao da yi .wo guo min er zi zhi qi guo zhi shao nian ye .si nai shao nian yi .xi yan you zhi yue ..you san sui zhi weng .you bai sui zhi tong ..ran ze .guo zhi lao shao .you wu ding xing .er shi sui guo min zhi xin li yi wei xiao chang zhe ye .wu jian hu ma zhi ni zhi neng ling guo shao nian ye .wu you jian hu wo guo zhi guan li shi min neng ling guo lao da ye .wu wei ci ju .fu yi ru ci zhuang li nong yu pian pian jue shi zhi shao nian zhong guo .er shi ou xi ri ben ren wei wo wei lao da zhe .he ye .ze yi wo guo quan zhe jie lao xiu zhi ren ye .fei o ji shi nian ba gu .fei xie ji shi nian bai zhe .fei dang ji shi nian cha .fei ai ji shi nian feng .fei di ji shi nian shou ben .fei chang ji shi nian nuo .fei ke ji shi nian tou .fei qing ji shi nian an .ze bi bu neng de yi guan .jin yi zhi .qi nei ren qing er yi shang .wai ren jian si yi shang zhe .bai ren zhi zhong .qi wu guan bu bei zhe .dai jiu shi liu qi ren ye .fei yan mang ze er long .fei shou chan ze zu bo .fou ze ban shen bu sui ye .bi qi yi shen yin shi bu lv shi ting yan yu .shang qie bu neng zi liao .xu san si ren zuo you fu zhi zhuo zhi .nai neng du ri .yu ci er nai yu ze zhi yi guo shi .shi he yi li wu shu mu ou er shi zhi tian xia ye .qie bi bei zhe .zi qi shao zhuang zhi shi ji yi bu zhi ya xi ya .ou luo ba wei he chu di fang .han zu tang zong shi na chao huang di .you xian qi wan dun fu bai zhi wei zhen qi ji .you bi cuo mo zhi .tao ye zhi .dai qi nao sui yi he .xue guan yi sai .qi xi yan yan .yu gui wei lin zhi shi .ran hou jiang wo er wan li shan he .si wan wan ren ming .yi ju er jie yu qi shou .wu hu .lao da di guo .cheng zai qi lao da ye .er bi bei zhe .ji qi shu shi nian zhi ba gu .bai zhe .dang cha .ai feng .shou ben .chang nuo .ke tou .qing an .qian xin wan ku .qian ku wan xin .nai shi de ci hong ding hua ling zhi fu se .zhong tang da ren zhi ming hao .nai chu qi quan fu jing shen .jie qi bi sheng li liang .yi bao chi zhi .ru bi qi er shi jin yi ding .sui hong lei pan xuan qi ding shang .er liang shou you jin bao qi he bao .ta shi fei suo gu ye .fei suo zhi ye .fei suo wen ye .yu ci er gao zhi yi wang guo ye .gua fen ye .bi wu cong er ting zhi .wu cong er xin zhi .ji shi guo wang yi .guo fen yi .er wu jin nian qi shi yi .ba shi yi .dan qiu qi yi liang nian nei .yang ren bu lai .qiang dao bu qi .wo yi kuai huo guo liao yi shi yi .ruo bu de yi .ze ge san tou liang sheng zhi tu di feng shen he jing .yi huan wo ji ge ya men .mai san ji bai wan zhi ren min zuo pu wei nu .yi shu wo yi tiao lao ming .you he bu ke .you he nan ban .wu hu .jin zhi suo wei lao hou .lao chen .lao jiang .lao li zhe .qi xiu shen qi jia zhi guo ping tian xia zhi shou duan .jie ju yu shi yi .xi feng yi ye cui ren lao .diao jin zhu yan bai jin tou .shi zou wu chang dang yi sheng .xie cui ming fu yi zhu shou .jie hu tong zai .yi ci wei guo .shi an de bu lao qie si .qie wu kong qi wei ji sui er shang ye .ren gong yue .zao cheng jin ri zhi lao da zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo lao xiu zhi yuan ye ye .zhi chu jiang lai zhi shao nian zhong guo zhe .ze zhong guo shao nian zhi ze ren ye .bi lao xiu zhe he zu dao .bi yu ci shi jie zuo bie zhi ri bu yuan yi .er wo shao nian nai xin lai er yu shi jie wei yuan .ru jiu wu zhe ran .bi ming ri jiang qian ju ta fang .er wo jin ri shi ru ci shi chu .jiang qian ju zhe .bu ai hu qi chuang long .bu jie zhi qi ting wu .su ren heng qing .yi he zu guai .ruo wo shao nian zhe .qian cheng hao hao .hou gu mang mang .zhong guo er wei niu wei ma wei nu wei li .ze peng luan bian chui zhi can ku .wei wo shao nian dang zhi .zhong guo ru cheng ba yu nei .zhu meng di qiu .ze zhi hui gu pan zhi zun rong .wei wo shao nian xiang zhi .yu bi qi xi yan yan yu gui wei lin zhe he yu yan .bi er mo ran zhi zhi .you ke yan ye .wo er mo ran zhi zhi .bu ke yan ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er guo wei shao nian ye .ze wu zhong guo wei wei lai zhi guo .qi jin bu wei ke liang ye .shi ju guo zhi shao nian er yi wei lao da ye .ze wu zhong guo wei guo qu zhi guo .qi si wang ke qiao zu er dai ye .gu jin ri zhi ze ren .bu zai ta ren .er quan zai wo shao nian .shao nian zhi ze guo zhi .shao nian fu ze guo fu .shao nian qiang ze guo qiang .shao nian du li ze guo du li .shao nian zi you ze guo zi you .shao nian jin bu ze guo jin bu .shao nian sheng yu ou zhou .ze guo sheng yu ou zhou .shao nian xiong yu di qiu .ze guo xiong yu di qiu .hong ri chu sheng .qi dao da guang .he chu fu liu .yi xie wang yang .qian long teng yuan .lin zhua fei yang .ru hu xiao gu .bai shou zhen huang .ying sun shi yi .feng chen xi zhang .qi hua chu tai .yu yu huang huang .gan jiang fa xing .you zuo qi mang .tian dai qi cang .di lv qi huang .zong you qian gu .heng you ba huang .qian tu si hai .lai ri fang chang .mei zai wo shao nian zhong guo .yu tian bu lao .zhuang zai wo zhong guo shao nian .yu guo wu jiang ..san shi gong ming chen yu tu .ba qian li lu yun he yue .mo deng xian .bai liao shao nian tou .kong bei qie ..ci yue wu mu .man jiang hong .ci ju ye .zuo zhe zi liu sui shi ji kou shou ji yi .zhi jin xi song zhi bu shuai .zi jin yi wang .qi .ai shi ke .zhi ming .geng zi ming yue .shao nian zhong guo zhi shao nian ..qin huang fei suo le .fu pei geng zhao you .qing feng dian nan feng fu lao .gao wo ji si nian jian shi .dian bei you cun gu zhan chang .yi zu shang dai qin wang zi .yi xi meng chen shi can da .fan fu shi ru feng yu zhi .zi jing guan tou zhou chui jiao .sha qi jun sheng man you shuo .hu er yin ma zhang yi men .feng huo ye zhao yan shan yun .nei you yu shang shu .wai you shi jiang jun .shi jia guan jun ruo lei dian .tian qing ye kuang lai han zhan .chao ting ji shi zi jing guan .wu min qi bao qing feng dian .qian ye fu zi wu chu tao .ku sheng zhen tian feng nu hao .er nv chuang tou fu gu jiao .ye ren wu shang kan jing mao .jiang jun ci shi ting ge chu .sha di bu yi cao yu hao .zhui bei gui lai xue xi dao .bai ri bu dong cang tian gao .wan li yan chen yi jian sao .fu zi ying xiong gu lai shao .dan yu tong ku dao ma guan .jie nu ban si fei hu dao .chu chu huan sheng zao gu qi .jia jia niu jiu kao wang shi .xiu kua han shi piao yao jiang .qi shuo tang jia guo zi yi .chen yin ci shi liu shi chun .ci di jing guo lei man jin .huang yun luo ri gu gu bai .sha li can dan chou xing ren .xing ren lai zhe zhan chang liu .xia ma zuo wang ju yong kou .que yi qian guan ying jia chu .qian cheng wan qi xia huang du .gan kun de jian zhong xing zhu .ri yue zhong kai zai zao tu .xiao xiong bu shu yun tai shi .yang shi qi ming tian xia wu .wu hu yang shi jin yi wu .an de zai sheng ci bei xi bei hu .bo le xiang qian kan .xuan mao zai fu jian .zhi jin pou bai cao .he ri mo qing shan .

一阵急雨即将收束春光，斜吹的(de)(de)春风仿佛在约束春水。水面上浮着飘(piao)落的花瓣，上涨的绿水皱起了涟漪。鱼儿嬉戏而产生一圈圈的波纹，景色很美。可惜春光不解人(ren)意，悄悄归去。
献瑞：呈献祥瑞。家人虽然在万里传来亲人之消息，好好安心在毡城不要常将家相忆。
4.横眉：怒目而视的样子，表示愤(fen)恨和轻蔑。流放岭南与亲人断绝了音信，熬过了冬天又经历一个新春。
嶷（nì）然有声：人品超群而享有盛誉。声：声誉自古以来这里黄尘迷漫，遍地白骨零乱夹着野草。一位大(da)将从宫中奉旨出征，全权征调天下的兵马。
（26）亟：多次(ci)，屡次。此处读音为qì蜡烛的余光，半罩着饰有金翡翠的帷幕；兰麝的香气，熏染了被褥上刺绣的芙蓉。
7、青冢：长遍荒草的坟墓。这里指(zhi)指王昭君墓，相传冢上草色常青，故名。杜甫《咏怀古迹》诗：“一去紫台连朔漠，独留青冢向黄昏。”峡江急流的吼声像雷霆在轰击，翠树苍藤笼罩的烟雾使日月为之发昏。
（15）伈（xǐn）伈：恐惧貌。睍（xiàn）睍：眯起眼睛看，喻胆怯。郊野上秋雨初晴，只见几片零乱的落叶，风住了还在动荡不停。斜阳挂在远树之上，映照着远山或暗或明，宛如美人微颦。来时曾经走过的旧路，当时尚有黄色的岩花开放争荣。如今只有溪边的流水，依旧来见故人。
《淮南》云“冯夷得道，以潜大川”，即河伯也。

　　如果说前二句着重从动态中传神，那么，后两句便是通过舞蹈与音乐的协调相应来达情。柱，是瑟筝等弦乐器上赖以支弦的木制码子。柱近则弦紧，故称促柱。危，本为高峻貌，此处用以形容音节急促，故危弦意同急弦。“同情依促柱，共影赴危弦。”前一句谓舞女之情与乐曲所表达的情感相应相通，用现代术语说，即是舞蹈语汇与音乐语汇和谐一致，揉为一体。后一句谓舞女的舞姿充满了乐曲中的激越感，连她地上的影子似乎也受了感染，有了活跃的生命，随着她一起昂扬激奋。“依”，见出女子随着乐曲的情感起伏、节奏变化而改变舞姿，调整动作，一字中包蕴了变化无穷的万千舞态。“赴”，则舞者轻盈优美、飘飘欲仙的美好身影，使读者可触可见。这二字凝炼精警，皆从虚处传神。至此，一个丰姿绰约、舞技高超而又感情丰富、善解音律的舞女形象，遂栩栩如生地出现在读者眼前了。
　　其二便是杀人甚至活卖人肉的勾当。这一层诗中写得较隐约，陈寅恪、俞平伯先生据有关史料与诗意互参，发明甚确，扼要介绍如下。据《旧唐书·黄巢传》，“时京畿百姓皆寨于山谷，累年废耕耘。贼坐空城，赋输无入，谷食腾踊。米斗三四千。官军皆执山寨百姓鬻于贼，人获数十万”。《《秦妇吟》韦庄 古诗》则写道：“尚让厨中食木皮，黄巢机上刲人肉”、“夜卧千重剑戟围，朝餐一味人肝脍”，而这些人肉的来源呢？诗中借华岳山神的引咎自责来影射讽刺山东藩镇便透漏了个中消息：“闲日徒歆奠飨恩，危时不助神通力。寰中箫管不曾闻，筵上牺牲无处觅。旋教魇鬼傍乡村，诛剥生灵过朝夕。”俞平伯释云：“筵上牺牲”指三牲供品；“无处觅”就得去找；往哪里去找？“乡村”，史所谓“山寨百姓”是也。“诛剥”，杀也。“诛剥生灵过朝夕”，以人为牺也，直译为白话，就是靠吃人过日子。以上云云正与史实相符。黄巢破了长安，珍珠双贝有的是——秦妇以被掳之身犹曰“宝货虽多非所爱”，其他可知——却是没得吃。反之，在官军一方，虽乏金银，“人”源不缺。“山中更有千万家”，新安如是，长安亦然。以其所有，易其所无，于是官军大得暴利。
　　形象鲜明、生动真切是突出特征之一。在“跂乌”这一形象中，诗人寓于了作者真切的经历、遭遇、感受和悲愤。这一点是十分明显的，读者从群乌对跂乌受伤原因的议论中得到的答案是：志高和损人。这两点正是柳宗元遭贬的直接原因。他年少精敏，志向高远，再加之仕途通畅，三十来岁就成为了朝廷中的决策要臣，这使他的从政理想变得更加狂热和高远。他立志革除一切社会弊端和痼疾，再现盛唐的繁荣景象。正如“群乌”所言“慕高近白日”。结果势必引起政敌的嫉妒。再就是它们的革新的措施，就更严重的损害了既得利益者的权利。如废除宫市、收回宦官特权、削弱藩镇势力和惩治贪官污吏等等，在“群乌”的眼中都是些“贪鲜攫肉”的损人行为，自然要遭到群起而攻之。这些都是柳宗元的真实遭遇。过激的革新立即招来了宦官、藩镇势力和朝官的反对派里外呼应的联合进攻，拥立太子李纯，强迫顺宗退位，严惩革新派骨干，在磨刀霍霍、刀光剑影的疯狂围攻下，其结果岂止是伤痕累累。另外，如和乐的群乌、窥视的蝼蚁和燕雀，正是政敌们弹冠相庆和仍将继续落井下石置人死地的丑态的传神刻画。他的好友韩愈写的《柳子厚墓志铭》和《唐书》本传看法是一致的，认为柳宗元落魄主要是“少时嗜进，谓功业可就”，“不自贵重顾藉”，得罪权贵所致。而“名盖一时”、人“畏其才高”又是久贬不用的根本原因。朋友之说的真实性和史书记载的权威性，足以说明了柳宗元落魄原因的真实性。所以韩醇《诂训柳集》说《《跂乌词》柳宗元 古诗》是“用寓言之体”，“显以自况”。跂乌形象的真实，就是艺术地再现诗人经历的真实。
　　颔联则转为描写湘江的秋雨景色。“秋风万里芙蓉国，暮雨千家薜荔村”，这两句既对仗工整，又写景壮丽。秋风暮雨之中，诗人眺望远方，只见湘江两岸，满目所见，尽是花枝繁密的芙蓉和随风摇曳的薜荔，煞是美丽。描写“芙蓉”的诗句最早见于中唐柳宗元《芙蓉亭》：“新亭俯朱槛，嘉木开芙蓉。”名之以“芙蓉国”和“薜荔村”，本已极言其多、其盛，再加上“万里”和“千家”的修饰语，则显得更加幅员辽阔，展现出一片广阔无边的花海和绿色原野，面对这样的壮丽景色，诗人的心境也不由得更加开阔了。
　　第二首诗与前一首虽然都是写游子题材，却截然不同。在艺术表现上，前一首多用赋笔，这一首则多用比兴。在思想内容上，前一首着重抒写他乡游子的缠绵深挚的思乡之情，这一首则着重表现游子身处异乡的不安之感。适应这一主题的需要，前六句运用比兴的手法突出揭示了游子身不自主流落他乡的情势。诗人将比兴运用到了出神入化的地步，贴切传神，韵味浓郁。开端二句便奕奕有神：“西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖。”一朵飘摇不定的浮云本就与游子的处境极其切合，车是古人主要的交通工具之一，浮云形似车盖，又分外增一层流移飘荡之感。下面每两句一层，层折而下，把游子流落他乡的遭际写得笔酣墨饱。“惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会"，浮云本难滞定一方，却又命乖时舛，恰与突起的狂风遭遇。飘风，暴起之风。以浮云遭遇狂风表现游子为情势所迫不得不奔走他乡，可谓形景切合，情理自然。因受飘风鼓荡，一去便千里迢迢，远至东南的极点了：“吹我东南行，行行至吴会。”句中没有一个感叹字眼，却有千回百转无限伤怀之味，“行行至吴会"，无字不含远飓怨尤之意。这六句诗笔在浮云，意在游子，形象鲜明，意蕴沉深，耐人玩味。古人说诗写得好，要“意象俱足”，这几笔足以当之。
　　此诗在章法上也较独特，先是叙事，由叙事引发议论。“兴”没有放在诗首，而是放在议论之前，且与所兴之事又共同构成旨意相同的议论，使议论充满了形象感而未流于枯燥，加厚了诗意。
　　“月暗送湖风”，诗一开头，即点明时间是夜晚，地点是湖滨。月暗，不是没有月光，而是月色暗淡；湖风用“送”，带有舒展、爱抚的感情色彩，切合小伙子此时的感受。因为他很兴奋、很欢快，湖风吹到他的身上就显得特别轻柔，好像大自然特意为他送来的一般。这一句五字，勾出了一幅月色朦胧、湖风轻拂的艺术画面，造成了一种优美而颇具神秘色彩的环境气氛。